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Şahin B, Özçetinkaya Erdoğan S, Cura Şahin G, Karlı P, Kara OF, Hatırnaz Ş, Tinelli A. Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy: a possible correlation with obsessive compulsive disorder and alexithymia. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2021; 42:929-934. [PMID: 34693875 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2021.1960492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The possible correlation between nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP) with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and alexithymia were examined in this cross-sectional study. A cohort of pregnant women at the first trimester of pregnancy experiencing NVP were divided into three groups, according to severity (mild, moderate and severe) with the Pregnancy Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea (PUQE) test. The Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Scale (MOCQ) and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) were applied. Scores of scales were compared in all three groups, and the relationship between NVP severity and OCD and alexithymia was evaluated. On the 110 enrolled pregnant women, 42 had mild, 36 had moderate and 32 had severe NVP. Pregnant women with mild NVP had lower MOCQ scores than those with severe NVP (p = .010). Total scores of TAS-20 were higher among subjects with greater NVP severity (p < .001). PUQE scores were demonstrated significant correlations with MOCQ and total and subsection scores of the TAS-20, regardless of NVP groups. Study results showed that women with more pronounced OCD and/or alexithymia can experience somatic complaints, such as NVP, particularly intense in their first trimester of pregnancies. For this reason, psychotherapy in addition to medical treatments could be recommended to pregnant women with severe NVP.Impact statementWhat is already known on this subject? NVP is a condition experienced by most women, particularly in the first trimester of pregnancy, which can be affected by the psychosomatic condition of the pregnant woman.What do the results of this study add? The severity of nausea and vomiting according to PUQE test were significantly associated with OCD and alexithymia presence in pregnant women during their first trimester period.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? These findings might demonstrate the symptoms of NVP are correlated to OCD, as well as alexithymia. Longitudinal studies are required to demonstrate the clear causal relationship between NVP and psychiatric symptoms as in OCD and in alexithymia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banuhan Şahin
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Amasya University Sabuncuoglu Serefeddin Training and Research Hospital, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Serap Özçetinkaya Erdoğan
- Psychiatry Department, Amasya University Sabuncuoglu Serefeddin Training and Research Hospital, Amasya, Turkey
| | | | - Pervin Karlı
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Amasya University Sabuncuoglu Serefeddin Training and Research Hospital, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Osman Fadıl Kara
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Amasya University Sabuncuoglu Serefeddin Training and Research Hospital, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Şafak Hatırnaz
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, IVF Unit, Medicana International Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Andrea Tinelli
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Veris delli Ponti Hospital, Scorrano, Lecce, Italy.,Division of Experimental Endoscopic Surgery, Imaging, Technology and Minimally Invasive Therapy, Vito Fazzi Hospital, Lecce, Italy.,Faculty of Biological and Medical Physics, Phystech BioMed School, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
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Ideal cardiovascular health in adolescents and young adults is associated with alexithymia over two decades later: Findings from the cardiovascular risk in Young Finns Study: Department: Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. Psychiatry Res 2020; 289:112976. [PMID: 32413709 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the association of cardiovascular health in adolescence and young adulthood with alexithymia 25 years later. The study sample (n = 1122) participated in evaluations conducted in 1986 (baseline) and in 2011-2012 (T2). Baseline health factors and behaviors were assessed utilizing seven ideal cardiovascular health metrics (ICH index) including blood pressure, cholesterol and glucose levels, smoking, physical activity, body-mass-index, and diet. The stability of the ICH index was evaluated with corresponding assessments in 2007 (T1). At T2, alexithymia was measured with the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). The main analyses were conducted using ANCOVA and adjusted for depression, age, and present social and lifestyle factors. TAS-20 subscales, Difficulty Identifying Feelings (DIF), Difficulty Describing Feelings (DDF), and Externally Oriented Thinking, were analyzed separately. The ICH index was significantly associated with the TAS-20 total score, as well as both with DIF and DDF. A less ideal cardiovascular health was associated with higher alexithymia scores. However, regarding the separate factors, only the association between non-ideal dietary habits and DIF was significant in the multivariate analyses. The baseline ICH index score was stable from baseline to T1. We conclude that non-ideal cardiovascular lifestyle habits in adolescence and young adulthood are significantly associated with later alexithymia.
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Kajanoja J, Karukivi M, Mustonen P, Scheinin NM, Kortesluoma S, Rodrigues AJ, Karlsson H, Karlsson L. Alexithymic Traits and Hair Cortisol Concentrations in Pregnant Women. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:421. [PMID: 32477193 PMCID: PMC7237750 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alexithymia, a personality construct characterized by difficulties in identifying and expressing emotions, and an externally oriented thinking style, has been associated with a number of stress-related disorders, and physiological markers of stress. We examined the relationships of alexithymia and hair cortisol concentrations (HCC), a measure of long-term cortisol levels, in pregnant women. METHODS Participants were 130 women from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort study. Alexithymia was measured with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Analysis of covariance and regression analyses were used to assess the associations between alexithymia and HCC. Educational level, current depressive symptoms, and body mass index (BMI) were applied as covariates. RESULTS In the adjusted analyses, individuals with moderate to high alexithymic traits had significantly higher HCC (F = 5.11, partial η² = 0.040 , p = 0.026) compared to non-alexithymics. Regression analyses in the whole sample revealed that, of the individual dimensions of alexithymia, Difficulty Identifying Feelings (DIF) was associated with HCC (β = 0.187, t = 2.064, p = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS Alexithymia, and especially its dimension DIF, were associated with higher HCC and, therefore, may be linked to increased chronic physiological stress. Implications for pregnancy outcomes and infant development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jani Kajanoja
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Satakunta Hospital District, Pori, Finland.,FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Population Health Research Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Max Karukivi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Population Health Research Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Satakunta Hospital District, Pori, Finland
| | - Paula Mustonen
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Population Health Research Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Noora M Scheinin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Population Health Research Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Susanna Kortesluoma
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Population Health Research Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ana João Rodrigues
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Population Health Research Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Population Health Research Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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