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Sirimongkolchaiyakul O, Sutheparank C, Amornchaicharoensuk Y. The Prevalence of Nocturnal Enuresis in Bangkok, Thailand: A Descriptive and Questionnaire Survey of 5 to 15 Year-Old School Students. Glob Pediatr Health 2023; 10:2333794X231189675. [PMID: 37533961 PMCID: PMC10392157 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x231189675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives. Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is a common problem among school-aged children. Nonetheless, further information on NE prevalence in Thailand is needed. The prevalence of NE and factors associated with it were investigated. Methods. A descriptive study was conducted in schools in Bangkok, Thailand, among children aged 5 to 15 years, using a questionnaire survey between November 2018 and July 2019. Results. The prevalence of primary monosymptomatic, primary nonmonosymptomatic, and secondary NEs was 9.7%, 11.6%, and 8.2%, respectively. Primary NE was associated with a family history of NE (OR = 4.05, P < .001), drinking within 2 hours before bedtime (OR = 1.77, P = .01), and deep sleep (OR = 1.62, P = .001). Conclusion. Primary NE was prevalent in this setting, and the most related factor was a family history of NE. Parents should be aware of NE in their children, especially if a child has a linked factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornatcha Sirimongkolchaiyakul
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanon Sutheparank
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yupaporn Amornchaicharoensuk
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Rodríguez-Ruiz M, Mendez-Gallart R, García Mérida M, Somoza-Argibay I. Influencia del estreñimiento en la enuresis monosintomática y en el síndrome enurético. An Pediatr (Barc) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Influence of constipation on enuresis. An Pediatr (Barc) 2021; 95:108-115. [PMID: 34373073 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Constipation has classically been considered as a risk factor of enuresis, although there are increasingly more publications that report a similar prevalence of constipation in both enuretics and non-enuretics. OBJECTIVE To determine the influence of constipation in monosymptomatic and non-monosymptomatic enuresis, and to find out the prevalence of the three disorders, as well as the lower urinary tract dysfunction and bladder-bowel dysfunction in the population. MATERIAL AND METHOD A cross-sectional observational prevalence study on a representative population sample of 5-9 year-old school boys and girls of Galicia, Spain. A questionnaire was completed in the schools on urinary and bowel habits, which included questions from the Paediatric Lower Urinary Tract Scoring System (PLUTSS) diagnostic questionnaire and grading of the lower urinary tract dysfunctions. The enuresis was diagnosed using the International Children's Continence Society (ICSS), and if it was also associated with diurnal symptoms, it was also classified as non-monosymptomatic enuresis. The constipation was evaluated using the Rome III criteria and the adapted Bristol stool scale. RESULTS A total of 772 questionnaires were included in the study. The prevalence of constipation was 20% and that of enuresis was 9.1% (62.9% monosymptomatic enuresis and 37.1% non-monosymptomatic), with the prevalence of bladder-bowel dysfunction being 5.2%. It was observed that constipation had no influence on the presence of monosymptomatic enuresis, but it did have an influence on non-monosymptomatic enuresis and lower urinary tract dysfunctions, where it was a significant risk factor. CONCLUSIONS The differential diagnosis between monosymptomatic and non-monosymptomatic enuresis is essential in the initial evaluation of the patient with enuresis, since the therapeutic management and the characteristics of both disorders are different, with constipation only being a risk factor in cases of non-monosymptomatic enuresis.
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Hsiao YC, Wang JH, Chang CL, Hsieh CJ, Chen MC. Association between constipation and childhood nocturnal enuresis in Taiwan: a population-based matched case-control study. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:35. [PMID: 31992241 PMCID: PMC6986027 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-1939-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between constipation and childhood nocturnal enuresis (NE) has been previously reported; however, this relationship remains controversial. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between constipation and childhood NE. METHODS Data from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000 (LHID 2000) of Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database from 2000 to 2013 were collected. A total of 2286 children were enrolled in this study: a case group of 1143 children aged 5-18 years who were diagnosed with NE (NE group) and an age- and sex-matched control group of 1143 children without NE. Conditional logistic regression and odds ratio (OR) for NE were used to examine the association between constipation and childhood NE. RESULTS The prevalence of NE in the case group (NE group, aged 5-18 years) was 1.03% from 2000 to 2013. The NE group had a higher percentage of constipation in 1 year before the diagnosis of NE. After stratification for sex, both boys and girls with constipation had higher OR for NE. With stratification for age, children aged 5-12 and 7-12 years had a higher OR for NE. CONCLUSIONS Constipation is associated with childhood NE in Taiwan, particularly in children aged 5-7 and 7-12 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chao Hsiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Hung Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Chang
- Management Office for Health Data, Clinical Trial Research Center (CTC), China Medical University Hospital, Hongkong, China
| | - Chia-Jung Hsieh
- Department of Public Health, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chun Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, No. 707, Section 3, Chung Yang Road, Hualien City, Hualien, Taiwan.
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Mattsson S, Persson D, Glad Mattsson G, Lindström S. Night-time diuresis pattern in children with and without primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis. J Pediatr Urol 2019; 15:229.e1-229.e8. [PMID: 30857839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Night-time polyuria as the dominating pathophysiological mechanism for primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE) has been put in question with nocturnal detrusor overactivity and high arousal thresholds as alternatives. An earlier finding of night-time polyuria in 12% of healthy non-enuretic schoolchildren underscores that excessive night-time diuresis per se is unlikely the major cause of PMNE. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare the night-time diuresis pattern in children with and without PMNE and to evaluate the role of night-time polyuria in provoking enuretic episodes in children with PMNE. STUDY DESIGN Night-time diuresis pattern was recorded in 27 children with PMNE, aged 6-15 years, and 29 non-enuretic children, aged 6-13 years. Using a portable ultrasound recorder, the bladder volume was estimated at 15-min intervals for at least three nights with the child sleeping in its own bed at home. The volume of enuretic episodes was controlled using preweighed diapers. All voids were registered by time and volume. Diuresis during night time was estimated from the slope of regression lines fitted to ultrasound recording points. Mean night-time diuresis was calculated from total urine production during the night and time interval from the last void before bedtime to the first morning void. RESULTS Night-time bladder filling pattern was recorded from 189 nights, giving 149 interpretable patterns for analysis (77 children with PMNE and 72 dry children). The night-time diuresis pattern was similar for children with or without PMNE, showing large variability between different nights of the same child. Most nights displayed a smooth bladder filling at constant low rate, whereas other nights showed an early phase with high diuresis followed by a longer period of low diuresis with no difference between the two groups. DISCUSSION Night-time diuresis has been non-invasively monitored in children while asleep in their own beds at home. The pattern of night-time diuresis varies considerably between different nights of the same child, with no obvious differences in any diuresis parameters between children with or without PMNE. CONCLUSION Non-enuretic children have similar diuresis pattern and maximal night-time diuresis values as children with PMNE, making it unlikely that PMNE is caused by night-time polyuria per se (Summary figure). Delayed maturation of sleep mechanisms such as decreased arousability or sleep inhibition of the micturition reflex is more likely to be the main etiology for enuresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mattsson
- H.K.H. Crown Princess Victoria´s Hospital for Children and Youth and Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, SE 58185 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - D Persson
- H.K.H. Crown Princess Victoria´s Hospital for Children and Youth and Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, SE 58185 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - G Glad Mattsson
- H.K.H. Crown Princess Victoria´s Hospital for Children and Youth and Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, SE 58185 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - S Lindström
- H.K.H. Crown Princess Victoria´s Hospital for Children and Youth and Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, SE 58185 Linköping, Sweden.
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Wang XZ, Wen YB, Shang XP, Wang YH, Li YW, Li TF, Li SL, Yang J, Liu YJ, Lou XP, Zhou W, Li X, Zhang JJ, Song CP, Jorgensen CS, Rittig S, Bauer S, Mosiello G, Wang QW, Wen JG. The influence of delay elimination communication on the prevalence of primary nocturnal enuresis-a survey from Mainland China. Neurourol Urodyn 2019; 38:1423-1429. [PMID: 30998267 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AIMS A pilot survey shows that primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) prevalence has increased significantly during the past decade in Mainland China. Whether it is related to the delay of elimination communication (EC) is unclear. This study retrospectively investigated the influence of delayed EC on the PNE prevalence in children and adolescents in mainland China. METHODS A cross-sectional study of PNE prevalence was performed by distributing 19 500 anonymous self-administered questionnaires to parents in five provinces of mainland China from July 2017 to October 2017. The questionnaires included sociodemographic data, family caregivers' information, and details about the disposable diapers (DD) usage, EC commencement date, psychological disorders, lower urinary tract symptoms, and family history of PNE in children and adolescents. The 2017 PNE prevalence was compared with that of 2006 in Mainland China. RESULTS The total response rate was 97.04% (18 631 of 19 500) and 92.39% (18 016 of 19 500) qualified for statistical analysis. The PNE prevalence in 2017 has increased significantly compared to that of 2006 (7.30% vs 4.07%, P < 0.001). The PNE prevalence in children with EC starting before 6 months of age was significantly lower than those who start after 12 months of age. The longer DD were used and the later the beginning of EC, the higher the PNE prevalence was found. CONCLUSIONS The PNE prevalence in Mainland China has increased significantly during the past 10 years. A longer use of DD and later onset of EC may be risk factors for PNE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zheng Wang
- Pediatric Urodynamic Centre, Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi Bo Wen
- Pediatric Urodynamic Centre, Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao Ping Shang
- Pediatric Urodynamic Centre, Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi He Wang
- Pediatric Urodynamic Centre, Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Wei Li
- Pediatric Urodynamic Centre, Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tian Fang Li
- Pediatric Urodynamic Centre, Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shou Lin Li
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Pediatric Urodynamic Centre, Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Jin Liu
- Pediatric Urodynamic Centre, Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao Ping Lou
- Pediatric Urodynamic Centre, Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xing Li
- Xiamen Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Jian Jiang Zhang
- Pediatric Urodynamic Centre, Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cui Ping Song
- Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | | | - Soren Rittig
- Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stuart Bauer
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Giovanni Mosiello
- Department of Urology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Qing Wei Wang
- Pediatric Urodynamic Centre, Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian Guo Wen
- Pediatric Urodynamic Centre, Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Aliyu I, Lawal T, Michael G. Toilet training and parental help-seeking behavior toward elimination disorders: Our experience in a semi-urban setting. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF DR. D.Y. PATIL VIDYAPEETH 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/mjdrdypu.mjdrdypu_43_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Abdulkadir A, Abubakar B, Tela U, Ahmed M, Bello A, Ahmad M. Prevalence of enuresis among children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. SAHEL MEDICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/smj.smj_41_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the review is to perform a systematic review of the literature examining the prevalence of bladder symptoms in children with functional constipation (FC) and to compare the prevalence of those symptoms between children with and without FC. METHODS In this systematic review 4 databases were searched to July 2018. Studies investigating the prevalence of bladder symptoms in children aged 4 to 17 years with FC were included. There was no language restriction. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed study quality. Clinical heterogeneity between studies was investigated. Prevalence rates of bladder symptoms in children with FC were calculated. Relative risks were calculated to compare the prevalence of bladder symptoms between children with and without FC. RESULTS Among 23 studies of children with FC, 22 reported the prevalence bladder symptoms (12,281 children) and 7 reported the prevalence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) (687 children). The prevalence rates of single bladder symptoms, lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), and UTI varied between 2% to 47%, 37% to 64%, and 6% to 53%. The relative risks were 1.24 to 6.73 for 20 single bladder symptoms (12 studies) and 2.18 to 6.55 for UTI (2 studies). The 95% confidence intervals indicated significance in 14 of 20 single bladder symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Bladder symptoms seem common in children with FC, but the reported prevalence varies greatly. Children with FC are more likely to have bladder symptoms than children without FC. We recommend that clinicians be aware of concomitant bladder symptoms in children presenting with FC.
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Enuresis in children and adolescents with sickle cell anaemia is more frequent and substantially different from the general population. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201860. [PMID: 30096167 PMCID: PMC6086414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background No large studies have examined the prevalence of enuresis, its various forms and risk factors in children with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) in Sub-Saharan Africa using standardised definitions. We determined age and gender-specific prevalence of enuresis and compared the nature of enuresis in children with and without SCA. We also identified predictors of enuresis in children with SCA. Methods Caregivers of children with SCA attending a tertiary centre haematology clinic in Nigeria were interviewed using a questionnaire. In addition, a separate questionnaire was completed for every sibling aged 5–17 years whose haemoglobin genotype was known. Enuresis and its various forms were defined using the definitions of the International Children’s Continence Society. Results The study involved 243 children with SCA and 243 controls matched for age and sex. The mean age of the study cohort was 9.9 (3.4). Females made up 45.7% of the cohorts. The prevalence of enuresis was 49.4% and 29.6% in children with and without SCA, respectively (p = 0.009). In both groups, the prevalence of enuresis declined with age but remained five times higher at 25% in children with SCA aged 14–17 years compared with controls. Also, children with SCA and enuresis were older, more likely to have non-monosymptomatic enuresis and wet at least three nights per week than controls. Independent predictors of enuresis in children with SCA were a family history of enuresis and young age. Conclusion Children with SCA had more frequent and more severe enuresis which persisted to late adolescence than age and sex-matched controls. These features indicate a subset of enuresis that is difficult to treat in the general population. Young age and enuresis in a family member define a subset of children with SCA more likely to have enuresis. Healthcare workers need to discuss enuresis with parents of children with SCA and offer referral to continence services.
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Adam A, Claassen F, Coovadia A, de Maayer T, Fockema M, Fredericks J, Gottlich E, Grindell L, Haffejee M, Lazarus J, Levy C, Mathabe K, McCulloch M, Moonsamy G, Moshokoa E, Mutambirwa S, Patel H, van der Merwe A, Van Heerden I, Van Vijk F, Deshpande A, Smith G, Hoebeke P. The South African guidelines on Enuresis—2017. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.afju.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Esezobor CI, Balogun MR. Nigerian parents can harbour harmful views about the causes and treatment of childhood enuresis that result in child abuse. Acta Paediatr 2016; 105:e379-83. [PMID: 27096465 DOI: 10.1111/apa.13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to determine Nigerian parents' views about the causes and treatment of childhood enuresis. METHODS Parents of children aged 5-17 years were individually interviewed in an urban community in Nigeria using a pretested questionnaire. Their responses about the causes and treatment of enuresis were grouped under common themes. RESULTS We included 448 respondents in the study: 75.5% were mothers, 44.2% had at least one child with enuresis and only 1.3% had spoken to a doctor about it. Enuresis was thought to be due to playing too much and drinking too much fluid at night by 69.7% and 21.2% of the respondents, respectively. The two most common treatment methods that parents were aware of for enuresis were waking to void (23.7%) and urinating on hot charcoal (20.8%). The most common methods that parents actually employed included waking to void (49.0%), punishing the child (36.9%) and doing nothing (28.8%). CONCLUSION Most of the respondents believed that playing too much and drinking or eating too much were responsible for childhood enuresis. Parents rarely discussed childhood enuresis with their doctors and some of the self-help measures that were employed may be harmful and could constitute child abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Imokhuede Esezobor
- Department of Paediatrics; College of Medicine; University of Lagos; Lagos Nigeria
- Department of Paediatrics; Lagos University Teaching Hospital; Lagos Nigeria
| | - Mobolanle Rasheedat Balogun
- Department of Community & Primary Health Care; College of Medicine; University of Lagos; Lagos Nigeria
- Department of Community Health; Lagos University Teaching Hospital; Lagos Nigeria
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Esezobor CI. Response to letter to the editor re 'Prevalence and predictors of childhood enuresis in southwest Nigeria: Findings from a cross-sectional population study'. J Pediatr Urol 2016; 12:188. [PMID: 26936431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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de Jesus LE. Parental interview may not be the best instrument to detect daily voiding symptoms. J Pediatr Urol 2016; 12:187. [PMID: 26936432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisieux Eyer de Jesus
- Department of Pediatric Surgery/Urology, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro e Hospital Federal dos Servidores do Estado, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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