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Relationship between Maternal Vitamin D Levels and Adverse Outcomes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204230. [PMID: 36296914 PMCID: PMC9610169 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (VD), a fat-soluble vitamin, has a variety of functions that are important for growth and development, including regulation of cell differentiation and apoptosis, immune system development, and brain development. As such, VD status during pregnancy is critical for maternal health, fetal skeletal growth, and optimal pregnancy outcomes. Studies have confirmed that adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preeclampsia, low birth weight, neonatal hypocalcemia, poor postnatal growth, skeletal fragility, and increased incidence of autoimmune diseases, can be associated with low VD levels during pregnancy and infancy. Thus, there is growing interest in the role of VD during pregnancy. This review summarizes the potential adverse health outcomes of maternal VD status during pregnancy for both mother and offspring (gestational diabetes mellitus, hypertensive gestational hypertension, intrauterine growth restriction, miscarriage, stillbirth, and preterm birth) and discusses the underlying mechanisms (regulation of cytokine pathways, immune system processing, internal secretion, placental function, etc.) of VD in regulating each of the outcomes. This review aims to provide a basis for public health intervention strategies to reduce the incidence of adverse pregnancies.
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Regulatory effect of daphnetin on the balance of Th17 and Treg cells in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss. Cent Eur J Immunol 2021; 45:403-408. [PMID: 33658888 PMCID: PMC7882414 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2020.103414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction There has a close relationship between the balance of T helper 17 (Th17) cells and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) and unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (URPL). The present study is to investigate the regulatory effect of daphnetin, which is extracted from Daphne odora Var, on the balance of Th17 and Treg cells in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with URPL. Material and methods PBMCs were isolated from 35 pregnant women with URPL and 35 women with normal early pregnancies, respectively and treated with daphnetin for three days. Flow cytometry was performed to measure the proportions of Th17 and Treg cells. The level of expression of IL-6, TGF-β1 and IL-2 were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the level of expression of FoxP3, RORγt, signal transducers and activators of transcriotion 3 (STAT3) and STAT5 were detected by RT-PCR. Results The concentrations of Th17-type cytokines IL-2 were significantly decreased in the URPL group after treatment (p < 0.01). Treg-type cytokines such as TGF-β1 and IL-6 were significantly increased after treatment (p < 0.01). At the same time, daphnetin may induce a decrease in the ratio of RORγt to Foxp3 and a Treg cell bias, which would be beneficial for pregnancy maintenance. Futhermore the expression level of STAT3 were higher in the URPL patients whereas STAT5 were lower than those in the control subjects. Conclusions In conclusion, daphnetin may have regulatory effect on the balance of Th17 and Treg cells in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with URPL.
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On use of animal models. Emerg Top Life Sci 2020; 4:207-227. [PMID: 32691841 DOI: 10.1042/etls20200042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human pregnancy, critical for our species survival, is inefficient and prone to complications such as infertility, spontaneous miscarriages and preeclampsia (PE). Immunological factors may be important as the embryo is 50% paternal and foreign to the mother. Mouse pregnancy models, and in particular the murine CBA/J x DBA/2 mating combination, has been widely used to investigate mechanisms causing and preventing partner-specific recurrent miscarriages (RM) and PE. Occult losses can represent T cell-mediated rejection, and antigen-specific regulatory T cells (Tregs) with classical αβ T cell receptors (TcR) activated by semen antigens at the time of mating are protective. If there is no occult loss, an inadequate Treg response can also predispose to RM. In RM, proinflammatory cytokines from natural killer (NK)-type cells and macrophages of the innate immune system are responsible and cells with γδ TcR protect via release of TGF-β-type molecules. Immunization of abortion-prone female CBA/J mice or administration of cell-associated or soluble CD200, an immune check point inhibitor, can prevent abortions by augmenting uterine decidual suppressor cell activity. Human studies suggest that is also true in couples with RM. Environmental activators of the innate immune system, such as bacterial LPS and stress, can cause abortions as well as occult losses. The endogenous level of Tregs and activation of Tregs specific for the male H-Y antigen may determine success rates and alter the male:female birth ratio. Intralipid alters LPS clearance, prevents abortions in the CBAxDBA/2 model, and is effective in increasing live birth rates in couples undergoing IVF treatment.
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de O Farias MC, Cavalcante TDLT, Assunção ML, Bueno NB. Association between maternal or cord blood concentrations of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol or vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy and the cytokines profile in the umbilical cord blood: Systematic literature review. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 203:105739. [PMID: 32846186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence suggests that vitamin D suppresses the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and induces the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines during pregnancy. OBJECTIVES To assess, through a systematic literature review, the relationship between maternal or cord blood concentrations of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D) or vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy and the cytokines profile in the umbilical cord. METHODS The following databases were searched: PUBMED, CENTRAL, Web of Science, LILACS, and gray literature, up to July 2020. The search strategy included terms related to the exposure (25-OH-D) and the primary outcome (cytokines). Observational studies and randomized clinical trials were included, measuring cytokines in the umbilical cord blood, or in ex vivo bioassays, and blood concentrations of 25-OH-D, either throughout pregnancy or in the umbilical cord blood. Studies with twin pregnancies, with placental or autoimmune diseases, were excluded. The protocol is registered in PROSPERO (number CRD42019136643). RESULTS From 14,605 unique articles identified in the databases, 28 were read in full, and of these, eight met the eligibility criteria, being three randomized clinical trials, and five observational studies. The eight studies showed adequate methodological quality. IL-10 was the most studied cytokine, being reported in seven studies. There were higher concentrations of IL-10 in the umbilical cord of women with 25-OH-D sufficiency in the observational studies. Clinical trials showed mixed results with the use of ex vivo bioassays with several stimulants. Associations with other cytokines were less consistent or absent. CONCLUSION 25-OH-D status is positively associated with the IL-10 levels of the umbilical cord, in observational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrla C de O Farias
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, BR 104 Norte, Km 96,7, Tabuleiro dos Martins, CEP 57.072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Thayse de L T Cavalcante
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, BR 104 Norte, Km 96,7, Tabuleiro dos Martins, CEP 57.072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Monica L Assunção
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, BR 104 Norte, Km 96,7, Tabuleiro dos Martins, CEP 57.072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Nassib B Bueno
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, BR 104 Norte, Km 96,7, Tabuleiro dos Martins, CEP 57.072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil.
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Hamedi B, Feulefack J, Khan A, Sergi C. Association between factor V Leiden mutation and recurrent pregnancy loss in the middle east countries: a Newcastle-Ottawa meta-analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2020; 302:345-354. [PMID: 32472185 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-020-05610-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Heritable thrombophilia is a category of genetic disorders of the coagulation cascade with the increasing risk of thrombus formation and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Factor V Leiden (FVL) (R506Q) mutation is the most common genetic cause of deep venous thrombosis, but its association with RPL has been inconsistent in studies arising from non-Western countries. The present metanalysis was aimed to determine whether an association exists between FVL and RPL in the Middle East. METHODS We searched PubMed, MEDLINE Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase, evaluating the association between the FVL and RPL. The Middle East countries (Bahrain, Cyprus, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, The State of Palestine, Syria, Turkey, The United Arab Emirates, and Yemen) were evaluated in succession. Raw data were extracted, and 19 case-control studies were included in our final analysis. RESULTS Overall, 2513 cases and 1836 controls in the Middle East showed a prevalence of FVL mutation as 12.6% and 4.9% in patients and controls, respectively. To evaluate the relationship between FVL mutation and RPL, we used Forest plot (random effect model) with the overall random OR of 2.37 (CI 95%: 1.50-3.75). FVL mutation was associated with a higher risk of RPL. In Iran, the OR was 1.90 (95% CI 1.04-3.45), and in Turkey, the OR was 3.01 (95% CI 1.10-8.23). CONCLUSION The results of our study support an association between FVL mutation status and RPL in women of the Middle East countries. It is recommended that specific policies include comprehensive testing for FVL mutation as a standard of care in women of the Middle East region with unexplained RPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Hamedi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, WMC 5B4.09, 8440 112 ST NW, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Joseph Feulefack
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, WMC 5B4.09, 8440 112 ST NW, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Aiza Khan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, WMC 5B4.09, 8440 112 ST NW, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Consolato Sergi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, WMC 5B4.09, 8440 112 ST NW, Edmonton, AB, Canada. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Sliz A, Locker KCS, Lampe K, Godarova A, Plas DR, Janssen EM, Jones H, Herr AB, Hoebe K. Gab3 is required for IL-2- and IL-15-induced NK cell expansion and limits trophoblast invasion during pregnancy. Sci Immunol 2020; 4:4/38/eaav3866. [PMID: 31375526 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aav3866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The scaffolding protein Grb2-associated binding protein 3 (Gab3) is a member of the Gab family, whose functions have remained elusive. Here, we identify Gab3 as a key determinant of peripheral NK cell expansion. Loss of Gab3 resulted in impaired IL-2 and IL-15-induced NK cell priming and expansion due to a selective impairment in MAPK signaling but not STAT5 signaling. In vivo, we found that Gab3 is required for recognition and elimination of "missing-self" and tumor targets. Unexpectedly, our studies also revealed that Gab3 plays an important role during pregnancy. Gab3-deficient mice exhibited impaired uterine NK cell expansion associated with abnormal spiral artery remodeling and increased trophoblast invasion in the decidua basalis. This coincided with stillbirth, retained placenta, maternal hemorrhage, and undelivered fetoplacental units at term. Thus, Gab3 is a key component required for cytokine-mediated NK cell priming and expansion that is essential for antitumor responses and limits trophoblast cell invasion during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sliz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
| | - Kathryn C S Locker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
| | - Kristin Lampe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Alzbeta Godarova
- Biomedical Informatics Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
| | - David R Plas
- Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | | | - Helen Jones
- Division of General Pediatric and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
| | - Andrew B Herr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
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Ji J, Zhai H, Zhou H, Song S, Mor G, Liao A. The role and mechanism of vitamin D‐mediated regulation of Treg/Th17 balance in recurrent pregnancy loss. Am J Reprod Immunol 2019; 81:e13112. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jinlu Ji
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Hui Zhai
- Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital Wuhan China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Su Song
- Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital Wuhan China
| | - Gil Mor
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit Michigan
| | - Aihua Liao
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
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Expression of TLR4 and its effect on Treg cells in early pregnancy decidual stromal cells after lipopolysaccharide treating. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2018; 237:209-214. [PMID: 30798978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of TLR4 in human early pregnancy decidual stromal cells (DSCs) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and its effect on the peripheral blood regulatory T (Treg) cells subgroup in women of childbearing age. METHOD Isolating and cultivating normal human early pregnancy DSCs followed by treatment with 0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 ng/ml LPS, and the expression level of TLR4 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. After 3 or 4 generation we divide the DSCs into 5 groups: ①Control group: Cultivation of peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBLC); ②Co-cultivation group: Co-cultivation of PBLC and DSCs; ③LPS stimulation group: PBLC + DSCs + LPS; ④PDTC blocking-up group: PBLC + DSCs + LPS + PDTC; ⑤TLR4 blocking-up group: PBLC + DSCs + LPS + TLR4mAb. In ①-④ groups, western blot was used to detect the expression of inhibitory factor-κB (IκB-α) protein and RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of FoxP3 mRNA. In ①-⑤ groups, flow cytometry was applied to detect the percentage of Treg cells subgroup. RESULTS The purity of primary cultured DSCs was more than 95%. RT-PCR results showed that the expression level of TLR4 mRNA increased gradually with the augment of LPS concentration. Western blot and RT-PCR showed that the expression of IκBα protein and FoxP3 mRNA in the other 3 groups was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and the expression of IκBα protein and FoxP3 mRNA in LPS stimulation group was lower than that in the co-cultivation group (P < 0.05). Compared with the LPS stimulation group, the expression of IκBα protein and FoxP3 mRNA in PDTC blocking-up group was higher than that in the LPS stimulation group (P < 0.05), but still lower than the co-cultivation group (P < 0.05). The proportion of Treg cells in the other 4 groups detected by flow cytometry was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the co-cultivation group, the Treg cells ratio of the LPS stimulation group was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The proportions of Treg cells in PDTC blocking-up group and TLR4 blocking-up group were higher than that in the LPS stimulation group, but still lower than that in the co-cultivation group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the PDTC blocking-up group and the TLR4 blocking-up group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Human early pregnancy DSCs can promote the differentiation of Treg cells. LPS can stimulate the expression of TLR4 in early pregnancy DSCs and decrease the proportion of Treg cells in PBLC, with NF-κB signaling pathway being the potential underlying mechanisms.
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Clark DA, Dmetrichuk JM, McCready E, Dhesy-Thind S, Arredondo JL. Changes in expression of the CD200 tolerance-signaling molecule and its receptor (CD200R) by villus trophoblasts during first trimester missed abortion and in chronic histiocytic intervillositis. Am J Reprod Immunol 2017; 78. [PMID: 28326648 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Expression of CD200 at the feto-maternal interface is associated with successful murine and human pregnancy. CD200 binding to CD200 receptors on lymphomyeloid cells suppresses inflammation and induces Tregs. CD200 receptors are also expressed on mouse and human placental trophoblast cells. What is the expression of CD200 and CD200R in human missed abortions which have preserved Treg levels and in chronic histiocytic intervillositis (CHI) where maternal inflammatory cells cause IUGR? METHODS Immunohistiochemistry for CD200, CD200R, and Ki67 using human placental sections from missed abortions, term placenta, and CHI. PCR testing was done for trisomy in missed abortion. RESULTS CD200 and CD200R were expressed by human villus trophoblasts from 2 weeks post-implantation to term. Cytotrophoblast proliferation (Ki-67+ count) decreased at term. In first trimester missed abortion cases, CD200>CD200R villus trophoblasts accompanied missed abortion of non-trisomic male fetuses. CD200 and Ki67+ trophoblast proliferation was preserved in CHI with maternal inflammatory cell infiltration but CD200R was greatly decreased. CONCLUSION Residual CD200 activity may prevent completion of abortions via induction of Treg cells. In CHI, infiltrating maternal effector T cells may block Treg induction. An autocrine role for CD200-CD200R interaction versus inhibition of soluble CD200 by soluble CD200R is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Clark
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer M Dmetrichuk
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth McCready
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Genetics Services, Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jorge L Arredondo
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Clark DA. The importance of being a regulatory T cell in pregnancy. J Reprod Immunol 2016; 116:60-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2016.04.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Liu Z, Xu H, Kang X, Wang T, He L, Zhao A. Allogenic Lymphocyte Immunotherapy for Unexplained Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion: A Meta-Analysis. Am J Reprod Immunol 2016; 76:443-453. [PMID: 27105633 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhilan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Ren Ji Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai China
| | - Haijing Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Ren Ji Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai China
| | - Xiaomin Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Ren Ji Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai China
| | - Tongfei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Ren Ji Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai China
| | - Liying He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Ren Ji Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai China
| | - Aimin Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Ren Ji Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai China
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Clark DA. Mouse is the new woman? Translational research in reproductive immunology. Semin Immunopathol 2016; 38:651-668. [DOI: 10.1007/s00281-015-0553-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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13
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Galectin-1 reduced the effect of LPS on the IL-6 production in decidual cells by inhibiting LPS on the stimulation of IκBζ. J Reprod Immunol 2015; 112:46-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Bulmer JN, Lash GE. The Role of Uterine NK Cells in Normal Reproduction and Reproductive Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 868:95-126. [PMID: 26178847 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-18881-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The human endometrium contains a substantial population of leucocytes which vary in distribution during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. An unusual population of natural killer (NK) cells, termed uterine NK (uNK) cells, are the most abundant of these cells in early pregnancy. The increase in number of uNK cells in the mid-secretory phase of the cycle with further increases in early pregnancy has focused attention on the role of uNK cells in early pregnancy. Despite many studies, the in vivo role of these cells is uncertain. This chapter reviews current information regarding the role of uNK cells in healthy human pregnancy and evidence indicating their importance in various reproductive and pregnancy problems. Studies in humans are limited by the availability of suitable tissues and the limitations of extrapolation from animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith N Bulmer
- Reproductive and Vascular Biology Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK,
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