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Lima OJF, Ribeiro JDS, Vasconcelos JDC, Ferraz MFI, Silva CEDMTDRE, Barros WMA, Vieira GR, David MCMM, Matos RJB. Environmental enrichment changes the effects of prenatal and postnatal undernutrition on memory, anxiety traits, Bdnf and TrkB expression in the hippocampus of male adult rats. Behav Brain Res 2024; 460:114817. [PMID: 38122904 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Environmental factors such as undernutrition and environmental enrichment can promote changes in the molecular and behavioural mechanisms related to cognition. Herein, we investigated the effect of enriched environment stimulation in rats that were malnourished in the pre- and postnatal periods on changes in the gene expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptor in the hippocampus, as well as on anxiety traits and memory. Early undernutrition promoted weight reduction, increased the risk analysis, reduced permanence in the open arm of the elevated plus-maze and induced a reduction in the gene expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tropomyosin receptor kinase B. However, exposure to an enriched environment from 30 to 90 days' old maintained the malnourished phenotype, leading to weight reduction in the control group. In addition, the enriched environment did not alter the risk assessment in the undernourished group, but it did increase the frequency of labyrinth entries. Sixty-day exposure to the enriched environment resulted in a reversal in the gene expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tropomyosin receptor kinase B in the hippocampus of malnourished rats and favoured of long-term memory in the object recognition test in the open-field. These results suggest that an enriched environment may have a protective effect in adult life by inducing changes in long-term memory and anxiety traits in animals that were undernourished in early life. Furthermore, reversing these effects of undernutrition involves mechanisms linked to the molecular signalling of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tropomyosin receptor kinase B in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odair José Farias Lima
- Physical Education and Sports Science Nucleus, Academic Center of Vitória, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Waleska Maria Almeida Barros
- Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Academic Center of Vitória, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Ramos Vieira
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil
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Effects of maternal HF diet and absence of TRPC1 gene on mouse placental growth and fetal intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). J Nutr Biochem 2023; 114:109162. [PMID: 36243380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Placental tissue intracellular calcium (Ca2+) regulates placental development and growth. Maternal high-fat diet (HFD) results in placental lipid accumulation, increased inflammation, reduced nutrient transport expression, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Currently, whether maternal HFD differentially affects placental and fetal growth and development under reduced Ca2+ influx is not yet known. We hypothesized that maternal HFD feeding decreases placental growth and development resulting in IUGR and that reduction of Ca2+ influx in the placenta worsens maternal HFD-induced placental dysfunction and IUGR. Three-week-old female B6129SF2/J wild type (WT) and transient receptor potential canonical 1 (TRPC1) protein deficient (KO) mice were fed normal fat (NF, 16 kcal % fat) and high fat (HF, 45 kcal % fat) diets for 12 weeks prior to mating with NF diet fed male mice. Fetuses and placentae were examined at mid- (D12) and late- (D18) gestation. At D12, maternal HFD had no effects on placental or fetal weight changes in WT and TRPC1 KO mice while absence of TRPC1 resulted in decreased placental and fetal weights. At D18, maternal HFD increased placental weights in both TRPC1 KO and WT mice, in part, by moderately increasing placental tissue triacylglyceride (TAG, P=.0632). At D12, mRNA expression of key placental growth factors including IGF1, PLGF, and VEGF were increased in WT compared to TRPC1 KO mice while IGF2 and VEGF mRNA expression were increased at D18. Results presented in our study demonstrated that maternal HFD increased placental weight, in part, due to increased lipid concentration resulting in IUGR and via an additive adverse effect of genotype and maternal HFD. Future studies are needed to determine the signaling mechanism underlying Ca2+ influx reduction-induced placental dysfunction and IUGR.
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Low protein-induced intrauterine growth restriction as a risk factor for schizophrenia phenotype in a rat model: assessing the role of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation interaction. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:30. [PMID: 36720849 PMCID: PMC9889339 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02322-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A large body of evidence suggests that intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) impedes normal neurodevelopment and predisposes the offspring to cognitive and behavioral deficits later in life. A significantly higher risk rate for schizophrenia (SZ) has been reported in individuals born after IUGR. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are both involved in the pathophysiology of SZ, particularly affecting the structural and functional integrity of parvalbumin interneurons (PVI) and their perineuronal nets (PNN). These anomalies have been tightly linked to impaired cognition, as observed in SZ. However, these pathways remain unexplored in models of IUGR. New research has proposed the activation of the MMP9-RAGE pathway to be a cause of persisting damage to PVIs. We hypothesize that IUGR, caused by a maternal protein deficiency during gestation, will induce oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. The activation of these pathways during neurodevelopment may affect the maturation of PVIs and PNNs, leading to long-term consequences in adolescent rats, in analogy to SZ patients. The level of oxidative stress and microglia activation were significantly increased in adolescent IUGR rats at postnatal day (P)35 as compared to control rats. PVI and PNN were decreased in P35 IUGR rats when compared to the control rats. MMP9 protein level and RAGE shedding were also increased, suggesting the involvement of this mechanism in the interaction between oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. We propose that maternal diet is an important factor for proper neurodevelopment of the inhibitory circuitry, and is likely to play a crucial role in determining normal cognition later in life, thus making it a pertinent model for SZ.
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sncRNAs in Epididymosomes: The Contribution to Embryonic Development and Offspring Health. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810851. [PMID: 36142765 PMCID: PMC9501405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Much progress has been made in determining that paternal environmental exposures can remodel their spermatozoa small noncoding RNAs (sncRANs) and, in turn, affect the phenotypes of their offspring. Studies have shown that changes in the spermatozoa sncRNAs profile occur during passing through the epididymis. Due to the absence of transcription and translation in the epididymis, spermatozoa remodel their sncRNAs profile through communication with the epididymal microenvironment. Since epididymosomes contribute to the process of spermatozoa maturation by mediating the crosstalk between the epididymis and the passing spermatozoa, they are considered to be the leading candidate to mediate these changes. Previous studies and reviews on the role of epididymal transfer proteins in sperm maturation and function are myriad. This review focuses on the role and mechanisms of epididymosome-mediated transfer of sncRNAs cargoes onembryonic development and offspring health.
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Effect of a maternal high fat diet with vegetable substitution on fetal brain transcriptome. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 108:109088. [PMID: 35691591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Maternal dietary conditions play a major role in fetal growth and brain development. The primary aim of this study was to determine the effects of 5% of energy substitution by vegetables in a maternal dietary fat on placental and fetal weight and on fetal brain gene expression. Two-month-old female C57BL/6 mice were fed 16% (normal-fat, NF), 45% fat (HF), or HF substituted with vegetables (5% energy, HF+VS) diets for 12 weeks. Dams were then bred with NF diet-fed male mice. Placenta and fetal weights were measured at gestational age 19 (D19). RNA was isolated from fetal whole brains and sequenced using Illumina HiSeq. HF+VS diet prevented maternal HF diet-induced decreases in placental weight at D19. Feeding of a maternal HF diet was associated with 79 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), while maternal vegetable substitution was associated with 131 DEGs. The vegetable substitution diet decreased Apold1 (P=0.0319), Spata2l (P=0.0404) and Celsr1 (P<0.03) expression compared to HF diet. Enrichment analysis of HF vs HF +VS DEGs identified that synapse organization, and regulation of embryonic development were significantly represented. KEGG enrichment analysis identified a significant representation of DEGs in the ubiquitin mediated proteolysis pathway in HF vs HF +VS, and chemokine signaling pathway in NF vs HF. These findings suggest that at D19, in a rodent model, a maternal HF diet alters placental and fetal growth, and that vegetable supplementation renders a protective effect against these changes.
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ietary curcumin supplementation ameliorates placental inflammation in rats with intra-uterine growth retardation by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 104:108973. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.108973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Bukowski MR, Singh BB, Roemmich JN, Claycombe-Larson KJ. Lipidomic Analysis of TRPC1 Ca 2+-Permeable Channel-Knock Out Mouse Demonstrates a Vital Role in Placental Tissue Sphingolipid and Triacylglycerol Homeostasis Under Maternal High-Fat Diet. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:854269. [PMID: 35360063 PMCID: PMC8960927 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.854269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential canonical channel 1 (TRPC1) is a ubiquitous Ca2+-permeable integral membrane protein present in most tissues, including adipose and placenta, and functionally regulates energetic homeostasis. We demonstrated that elimination of TRPC1 in a mouse model increased body adiposity and limited adipose accumulation under a high fat diet (HFD) even under conditions of exercise. Additionally, intracellular Ca2+ regulates membrane lipid content via the activation of the protein kinase C pathway, which may impact placental membrane lipid content and structure. Based upon this we investigated the effect of HFD and TRPC1 elimination on neutral lipids (triacylglycerol and cholesteryl ester), membrane lipids (phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine), and other multifunctional lipid species (unesterified cholesterol, sphingomyelins, ceramides). The concentration of unesterified cholesterol and sphingomyelin increased with gestational age (E12.5 to E 18.5.) indicating possible increases in plasma membrane fluidity. Diet-dependent increases ceramide concentration at E12.5 suggest a pro-inflammatory role for HFD in early gestation. TRPC1-dependent decreases in cholesterol ester concentration with concomitant increases in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid -containing triacylglycerols indicate a disruption of neutral lipid homeostasis that may be tied to Ca2+ regulation. These results align with changes in lipid content observed in studies of preeclamptic human placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Bukowski
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, United States
- *Correspondence: Michael R. Bukowski, ; Kate J. Claycombe-Larson,
| | - Brij B. Singh
- School of Dentistry, UT Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - James N. Roemmich
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Kate J. Claycombe-Larson
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, United States
- *Correspondence: Michael R. Bukowski, ; Kate J. Claycombe-Larson,
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Aguilera N, Salas-Pérez F, Ortíz M, Álvarez D, Echiburú B, Maliqueo M. Rodent models in placental research. Implications for fetal origins of adult disease. Anim Reprod 2022; 19:e20210134. [PMID: 35493783 PMCID: PMC9037606 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2021-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Postnatal exercise protects offspring from high-fat diet-induced reductions in subcutaneous adipocyte beiging in C57Bl6/J mice. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 99:108853. [PMID: 34517093 PMCID: PMC9040048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Maternal low-protein and postnatal high-fat (HF) diets program offspring obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk by epigenetically reducing beige adipocytes (BAs) via increased G9a protein expression (Histone3 Lysine9 dimethyl transferase), an inhibitor of the BA marker fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). Conversely, offspring exercise reduces fat mass and white adipocytes, but the mechanisms are not yet understood. This work investigated whether exercise reduces offspring obesity and T2DM risk caused by a maternal HF diet via regulation of G9a and FGF21 expression that would convert white to BA. Two-month-old female C57Bl/6J mice (F0) were fed a 16% (normal fat; NF) or a 45% HF diet for 3 months prior to breeding, and subsequent gestation and lactation. Male offspring (F1) were fed the same NF and HF diets and further divided into either sedentary (S) or voluntary wheel running (Ex) groups for an additional 3 months yielding eight groups: NF (maternal treatment condition)-NF-S (postweaning treatment conditions), NF-HF-S, NF-NF-Ex, NF-HF-Ex, HF-NF-S, HF-HF-S, HF-NF-Ex, and HF-HF-Ex. Subcutaneous adipose tissue was collected for protein and mRNA analysis of FGF21, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC-1 alpha, inducer of FGF21), G9a, E4BP4 (G9a coactivator), and protein expression of H3K9 demethylases (KDM4C). Postnatal HF diet decreased FGF21 positive BA numbers regardless of maternal diets and postnatal exercise. Under sedentary conditions, postnatal HF diet increased protein expression of FGF21 transcription inhibitors G9a and E4BP4 compared to NF diet resulting in decreased FGF21 expression. In contrast, postnatal HF diet and exercise decreased G9a and E4BP4 protein expression while decreasing FGF21 expression compared to NF diet. Under exercised condition, postnatal HF diet-induced KDM4C protein expression while no changes in KDM4C protein expression were induced by postnatal HF diet under sedentary conditions. These findings suggest that the postnatal diet exerts a greater impact on offspring adiposity and BA numbers than maternal diets. These data also suggest that offspring exercise induces KDM4C to counter the increase in G9a that was triggered by maternal and postnatal HF diets. Future studies need to determine whether KDM4C induces methylation status of G9a to alter thermogenic function of BA.
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Harnung Scholten R, Møller P, Jovanovic Andersen Z, Dehlendorff C, Khan J, Brandt J, Ketzel M, Knudsen LE, Mathiesen L. Telomere length in newborns is associated with exposure to low levels of air pollution during pregnancy. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106202. [PMID: 33120230 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Telomere length (TL) is a biomarker of biological aging that may be affected by prenatal exposure to air pollution. The aim of this study was to assess the association between prenatal exposure to air pollution and TL in maternal blood cells (leukocytes), placenta and umbilical cord blood cells, sampled immediately after birth in 296 Danish mother-child pairs from a birth cohort. Exposure data was obtained using the high-resolution and spatial-temporal air pollution modeling system DEHM-UBM-AirGIS for PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NH4+, black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), CO, O3, NO2, and NOx at residential and occupational addresses of the participating women for the full duration of the pregnancy. The association between prenatal exposure to air pollutants and TL was investigated using distributed lag models. There were significant and positive associations between TL in umbilical cord blood cells and prenatal exposure to BC, OC, NO2, NOx, CO, and O3 during the second trimester. TL in umbilical cord blood was significantly and inversely associated with prenatal exposure to PM2.5, BC, OC, SO2, NH4+, CO and NO2 during the third trimester. There were similar inverse associations between TL from umbilical cord blood cells and air pollution exposure at the residential and occupational addresses. There were weaker or no associations between air pollution exposure and TL in placenta tissue and maternal blood cells. In conclusion, both the second and third trimesters of pregnancy are shown to be sensitive windows of exposure to air pollution affecting fetal TL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Harnung Scholten
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Peter Møller
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Zorana Jovanovic Andersen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark; Nykøbing Falster Hospital, Center for Epidemiological Research, Ejegodvej 63, DK-4800 Nykøbing, Denmark
| | - Christian Dehlendorff
- Statistics and Data Analysis, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jibran Khan
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, POB 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Danish Big Data Centre for Environment and Health (BERTHA) at University of Aarhus, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Brandt
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, POB 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Matthias Ketzel
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, POB 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Lisbeth E Knudsen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Line Mathiesen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
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Torreggiani M, Fois A, D’Alessandro C, Colucci M, Orozco Guillén AO, Cupisti A, Piccoli GB. Of Mice and Men: The Effect of Maternal Protein Restriction on Offspring's Kidney Health. Are Studies on Rodents Applicable to Chronic Kidney Disease Patients? A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1614. [PMID: 32486266 PMCID: PMC7352514 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the almost 30 years that have passed since the postulation of the "Developmental Origins of Health and Disease" theory, it has been clearly demonstrated that a mother's dietary habits during pregnancy have potential consequences for her offspring that go far beyond in utero development. Protein malnutrition during pregnancy, for instance, can cause severe alterations ranging from intrauterine growth retardation to organ damage and increased susceptibility to hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease (CKD) later in life both in experimental animals and humans. Conversely, a balanced mild protein restriction in patients affected by CKD has been shown to mitigate the biochemical derangements associated with kidney disease and even slow its progression. The first reports on the management of pregnant CKD women with a moderately protein-restricted plant-based diet appeared in the literature a few years ago. Today, this approach is still being debated, as is the optimal source of protein during gestation in CKD. The aim of this report is to critically review the available literature on the topic, focusing on the similarities and differences between animal and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Torreggiani
- Nephrology and Dialysis, Centre Hospitalier Le Mans, Avenue Roubillard 194, 72000 Le Mans, France; (A.F.); (G.B.P.)
| | - Antioco Fois
- Nephrology and Dialysis, Centre Hospitalier Le Mans, Avenue Roubillard 194, 72000 Le Mans, France; (A.F.); (G.B.P.)
| | - Claudia D’Alessandro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.D.); (A.C.)
| | - Marco Colucci
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, ICS Maugeri S.p.A. SB, Via S. Maugeri 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | | | - Adamasco Cupisti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.D.); (A.C.)
| | - Giorgina Barbara Piccoli
- Nephrology and Dialysis, Centre Hospitalier Le Mans, Avenue Roubillard 194, 72000 Le Mans, France; (A.F.); (G.B.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università di Torino, 10100 Torino, Italy
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Claycombe-Larson KG, Bundy AN, Roemmich JN. Paternal high-fat diet and exercise regulate sperm miRNA and histone methylation to modify placental inflammation, nutrient transporter mRNA expression and fetal weight in a sex-dependent manner. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 81:108373. [PMID: 32422425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We previously have shown that male offspring (F1) of fathers (F0) fed a high-fat (HF) diet and that exercised had greater skeletal muscle insulin signaling and reduced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk compared to fathers fed HF diet and that remained sedentary. The current study extends this work by hypothesizing that F0 HF diet and exercise regulate F1 T2DM risk by alterations in placental tissue growth via changes in sperm miRNA expression. To test these hypotheses, 3-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal-fat diet (16% fat) or an HF diet (45% fat) and assigned to either voluntary wheel running exercise or cage activity for 3 months. Results showed that F0 sperm miRNA 193b expression was decreased while miRNA 204 was increased by paternal exercise. Protein expression of dimethylated histone 3 lysine 9 was decreased with F0 HF diet. Placental and fetal tissue weights were decreased by F0 HF diet in F1 males. Placental interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α mRNA expression was reduced by paternal exercise, while nutrient transporter mRNA expression was decreased by paternal HF diet only in the placentae of F1 females. Treatment of primary placental cell with miRNA 193b inhibited TNF-α mRNA expression, and treatment of TNF-α decreased SLC38a2 mRNA expression. Moreover, paternal exercise increased body weight at weaning in a female offspring. These results demonstrate that placental tissue weight, placental nutrient transporter gene expression and fetal weights are altered by paternal exercise, while placental inflammatory gene expression is influenced by paternal exercise in offspring in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate G Claycombe-Larson
- U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA.
| | - Amy N Bundy
- U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - James N Roemmich
- U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
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More SK, Vomhof-Dekrey EE, Basson MD. ZINC4085554 inhibits cancer cell adhesion by interfering with the interaction of Akt1 and FAK. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:5251-5260. [PMID: 31186741 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Perioperative or circulatory forces enhance disseminated cancer cell adhesiveness by modulating focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-Akt1 interaction. Selectively blocking FAK-Akt1 interaction by a peptide derived from the FAK-Four-point-one, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) domain reduces colon cancer cell adhesion in vitro and in mice. A preliminary in silico screening identified two small molecules resembling a peptide that may inhibit pressure-stimulated SW620 cancer cell adhesion to collagen I. The present study selected ZINC4085554 for further study to validate its proposed mechanism of action, using human SW620 colon cancer cells as a model system. At 25 and 50 µM, ZINC4085554 inhibited the pressure-stimulated adhesion of SW620 colon cancer cells to collagen I. This molecule prevented pressure-stimulated FAK-Tyr-397 phosphorylation; however, it did not affect Akt1-Ser-473 phosphorylation, indicating that ZINC4085554 acts downstream of Akt1, while Akt-Thr-308 remains unchanged in the presence of pressure and or ZINC4085554. Indeed, ZINC4085554 inhibited FAK-Akt1 interaction in response to increased extracellular pressure, consistent with the proposed mechanism. ZINC4085554 did not inhibit FAK-Tyr-397 phosphorylation in response to cell adhesion to collagen I, indicating the specificity of the inhibitory effects towards force-stimulated pathways. Finally, the present study confirmed that ZINC4085554 at 50 µM prevented pressure-activation of adhesion to surgical wounds in vivo in parallel to its ablation of intracellular signaling. In summary, ZINC4085554 is a small molecule mimicking part of the structure of FAK that reduces cancer cell adhesion by impairing pressure-stimulated FAK-Akt1 interaction and its downstream consequences. ZINC4085554 does not inhibit conventional outside-in FAK signaling and may be less toxic than global FAK inhibitors, and ZINC4085554 may be an important step towards the inhibition of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam K More
- Department of Surgery, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Emilie E Vomhof-Dekrey
- Department of Surgery, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Marc D Basson
- Department of Surgery, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
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Offspring from maternal nutrient restriction in mice show variations in adult glucose metabolism similar to human fetal growth restriction. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2018; 10:469-478. [PMID: 30501657 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174418000983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a pregnancy condition in which fetal growth is suboptimal for gestation, and this population is at increased risk for type 2 diabetes as adults. In humans, maternal malnutrition and placental insufficiency are the most common causes of FGR, and both result in fetal undernutrition. We hypothesized that maternal nutrient restriction (MNR) in mice will cause FGR and alter glucose metabolism in adult offspring. Pregnant CD-1 mice were subjected to MNR (70% of average ad libitum) or control (ad libitum) from E6.5 to birth. Following birth, mice were fostered by mothers on ad libitum feeds. Weight, blood glucose, glucose tolerance and tissue-specific insulin sensitivity were assessed in male offspring. MNR resulted in reduced fetal sizes but caught up to controls by 3 days postnatal age. As adults, glucose intolerance was detected in 19% of male MNR offspring. At 6 months, liver size was reduced (P = 0.01), but pAkt-to-Akt ratios in response to insulin were increased 2.5-fold relative to controls (P = 0.004). These data suggest that MNR causes FGR and long-term glucose intolerance in a population of male offspring similar to human populations. This mouse model can be used to investigate the impacts of FGR on tissues of importance in glucose metabolism.
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Chemopreventive Effects of Phytochemicals and Medicines on M1/M2 Polarized Macrophage Role in Inflammation-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082208. [PMID: 30060570 PMCID: PMC6121620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages can polarize into two different states (M1 and M2), which play contrasting roles during pathogenesis or tissue damage. M1 polarized macrophages produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators resulting in inflammation, while M2 macrophages have an anti-inflammatory effect. Secretion of appropriate cytokines and chemokines from macrophages can lead to the modification of the microenvironment for bridging innate and adaptive immune responses. Increasing evidence suggests that polarized macrophages are pivotal for disease progression, and the regulation of macrophage polarization may provide a new approach in therapeutic treatment of inflammation-related diseases, including cancer, obesity and metabolic diseases, fibrosis in organs, brain damage and neuron injuries, and colorectal disease. Polarized macrophages affect the microenvironment by secreting cytokines and chemokines while cytokines or mediators that are produced by resident cells or tissues may also influence macrophages behavior. The interplay of macrophages and other cells can affect disease progression, and therefore, understanding the activation of macrophages and the interaction between polarized macrophages and disease progression is imperative prior to taking therapeutic or preventive actions. Manipulation of macrophages can be an entry point for disease improvement, but the mechanism and potential must be understood. In this review, some advanced studies regarding the role of macrophages in different diseases, potential mechanisms involved, and intervention of drugs or phytochemicals, which are effective on macrophage polarization, will be discussed.
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Faa G, Manchia M, Pintus R, Gerosa C, Marcialis MA, Fanos V. Fetal programming of neuropsychiatric disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 108:207-223. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gavino Faa
- Division of Pathology, Department of Surgery; University Hospital San Giovanni di Dio; Cagliari Italy
| | - Mirko Manchia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine; University of Cagliari; Cagliari Italy
- Department of Pharmacology; Dalhousie University; Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Roberta Pintus
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Section; AOU Cagliari and University of Cagliari; Cagliari Italy
| | - Clara Gerosa
- Division of Pathology, Department of Surgery; University Hospital San Giovanni di Dio; Cagliari Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Marcialis
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Section; AOU Cagliari and University of Cagliari; Cagliari Italy
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Section; AOU Cagliari and University of Cagliari; Cagliari Italy
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