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Thakur G, Sutaoney P, Joshi V, Ghosh P. Response surface optimization of cellulase production by Aspergillus stellatus NFCCI 5299 in shake flask submerged fermentation using wheat bran. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:21. [PMID: 38146418 PMCID: PMC10748783 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03860-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The expense of cellulase enzymes is the main barrier to the enzymatic saccharification of biomass. Numerous tactics, such as the utilizing inexpensive lignocellulosic substrates as well as economically feasible fermentation techniques for the production of the enzyme may reduce the cost of cellulases. The present investigation was aimed to improve cellulase production employing potential cellulolytic soil fungi, Aspergillus stellatus NFCCI 5299 using wheat bran as substrate. Employing response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD), the most efficient process parameters were determined. The ideal conditions for the synthesis of carboxy methyl cellulase (CMCase) and filter paper cellulase activity (FPase) were 6 days of incubation, inoculum size of 4 mycelial disc, 125 rpm of agitation, and 3.5% of wheat bran. The significant mycelial development and enzymatic digestion of wheat bran were discovered by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The findings suggested that it can be practicable to use wheat bran as substrate under submerged fermentation utilizing Aspergillusstellatus NFCCI 5299 for efficient cellulase production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Thakur
- Center for Basic Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010 India
| | - Priya Sutaoney
- Center for Basic Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010 India
- Present Address: Department of Microbiology, Kalinga University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492101 India
| | - Veenu Joshi
- Center for Basic Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010 India
| | - Prabir Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, NIT Raipur, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010 India
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Degradation potential of different lignocellulosic residues by Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Trichoderma afroharzianum under solid state fermentation. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Díaz GV, Coniglio RO, Chungara CI, Zapata PD, Villalba LL, Fonseca MI. Aspergillus niger LBM 134 isolated from rotten wood and its potential cellulolytic ability. Mycology 2021; 12:160-173. [PMID: 34567828 PMCID: PMC8462884 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2020.1823509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus is a genus of filamentous and cosmopolitan fungi that includes important species for medical mycology, food, basic research and agro-industry areas. Aspergillus section Nigri are efficient producers of hydrolytic enzymes such as cellulases that are employed in the cellulose conversion. Hence, the search of new cellulolytic isolates and their correct identification is important for carrying out safe biotechnological processes. This study aimed to characterise the cellulolytic potential of Aspergillus sp. LBM 134, isolated from the Paranaense rainforest (Argentina) and to identify the isolate through a polyphasic approach. The fungus was identified as Aspergillus niger and its cellulolytic potential was evaluated by using Congo red technique and fluorescence plate assays for carboxymethyl cellulase, β-glucosidase and cellobiohydrolase, respectively. All three cellulase activities were positive; this bio-prospective positioned A. niger LBM 134 as a promising alternative for industries that require organisms capable of carrying out cellulosic biomass processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Verónica Díaz
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "María Ebe Reca" CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Ruta, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Romina Olga Coniglio
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "María Ebe Reca" CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Ruta, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Clara Inés Chungara
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "María Ebe Reca" CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Ruta, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Pedro Darío Zapata
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "María Ebe Reca" CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Ruta, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Laura Lidia Villalba
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "María Ebe Reca" CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Ruta, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - María Isabel Fonseca
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "María Ebe Reca" CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Ruta, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
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Determining Cellulolytic Activity of Microorganisms. CHEMISTRY-DIDACTICS-ECOLOGY-METROLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/cdem-2020-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Decomposition of cellulose to glucose requires complex cooperation of glycoside hydrolase enzymes. As a result of glycoside β-1,4 bonds hydrolysis, shorter chains of cellulose, oligodextrin, cellobiose and glucose are created. A number of bacteria and fungi demonstrate the capacity to degrade cellulose. Their activity can be assessed with the use of qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative methods with the use of e.g. Congo red, are used in screening studies, however, they do not provide information about the quantity of the produced enzyme. Spectrophotometric methods are more accurate and they measure the quantities of reducing sugars with the use of appropriate substrates, e.g. carboxymethylcellulose is used to determine endoglucanases, avicel cellulose to determine exoglucanases and Whatman filter paper to determine total cellulolytic activity. Activity of microorganisms depends not only on their species or type but also, among others, on substratum composition, cultivation conditions and the appropriate selection of parameters of the carried out enzymatic reactions.
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Niyonzima FN. Detergent-compatible fungal cellulases. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2020; 66:25-40. [PMID: 33184763 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-020-00838-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Detergent enzymes are currently added to all powder and liquid detergents that are manufactured. Cellulases, lipases, amylases, and proteases are used in the detergency to replace toxic phosphates and silicates and to reduce high energy consumption. This makes the use of enzymes in detergent formulation cost effective. Fungi are producers of important extracellular enzymes for industrial use. The fungal and bacterial cellulases maintain the shape and color of the washed garments. There is a high demand for cellulases at the market by detergent industries. With this high demand, genetic engineering has been a solution due to its high production of detergent-compatible cellulases. Fungi are the famous source for detergent-compatible cellulases production, but still, there is a lack of the cost-effective process of alkaline fungal cellulase production. Review papers on detergent-compatible bacterial cellulase and amylase and detergent-compatible fungal and bacterial proteases and lipases are available, but there is no review on detergent fungal cellulases. This review aims to highlight the production, properties, stability, and compatibility of fungal cellulases. It will help other academic and industrial researchers to study, produce, and commercialize the fungal cellulases with good aspects.
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Synergistic Action of a Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase and a Cellobiohydrolase from Penicillium funiculosum in Cellulose Saccharification under High-Level Substrate Loading. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.01769-20. [PMID: 32978122 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01769-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are crucial industrial enzymes required in the biorefinery industry as well as in the natural carbon cycle. These enzymes, known to catalyze the oxidative cleavage of glycosidic bonds, are produced by numerous bacterial and fungal species to assist in the degradation of cellulosic biomass. In this study, we annotated and performed structural analysis of an uncharacterized LPMO from Penicillium funiculosum (PfLPMO9) based on computational methods in an attempt to understand the behavior of this enzyme in biomass degradation. PfLPMO9 exhibited 75% and 36% sequence identities with LPMOs from Thermoascus aurantiacus (TaLPMO9A) and Lentinus similis (LsLPMO9A), respectively. Furthermore, multiple fungal genetic manipulation tools were employed to simultaneously overexpress LPMO and cellobiohydrolase I (CBH1) in a catabolite-derepressed strain of Penicillium funiculosum, PfMig188 (an engineered variant of P. funiculosum), to improve its saccharification performance toward acid-pretreated wheat straw (PWS) at 20% substrate loading. The resulting transformants showed improved LPMO and CBH1 expression at both the transcriptional and translational levels, with ∼200% and ∼66% increases in ascorbate-induced LPMO and Avicelase activities, respectively. While the secretome of PfMig88 overexpressing LPMO or CBH1 increased the saccharification of PWS by 6% or 13%, respectively, over the secretome of PfMig188 at the same protein concentration, the simultaneous overexpression of these two genes led to a 20% increase in saccharification efficiency over that observed with PfMig188, which accounted for 82% saccharification of PWS under 20% substrate loading.IMPORTANCE The enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass by cellulases continues to be a significant bottleneck in the development of second-generation biobased industries. While increasing efforts are being made to obtain indigenous cellulases for biomass hydrolysis, the high production cost of this enzyme remains a crucial challenge affecting its wide availability for the efficient utilization of cellulosic materials. This is because it is challenging to obtain an enzymatic cocktail with balanced activity from a single host. This report describes the annotation and structural analysis of an uncharacterized lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) gene in Penicillium funiculosum and its impact on biomass deconstruction upon overexpression in a catabolite-derepressed strain of P. funiculosum Cellobiohydrolase I (CBH1), which is the most important enzyme produced by many cellulolytic fungi for the saccharification of crystalline cellulose, was further overexpressed simultaneously with LPMO. The resulting secretome was analyzed for enhanced LPMO and exocellulase activities and the corresponding improvement in saccharification performance (by ∼20%) under high-level substrate loading using a minimal amount of protein.
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Abd Elhameed E, Sayed ARM, Radwan TEE, Hassan G. Biochemical and Molecular Characterization of Five Bacillus Isolates Displaying Remarkable Carboxymethyl Cellulase Activities. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:3076-3084. [PMID: 32710168 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02135-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cellulases have many useful applications in industry and biotechnology. So, identification of new bacterial strains expressing cellulases with better properties is desired. Five soil bacterial strains screened for high carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) activities were characterized and identified by 16S rRNA analysis as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (FAY088), B. velezensis (FAY0103), B. tequilensis (FAY0117), B. subtilis (FAY0136), and B. subtilis (FAY0182). Their CMCase activities were 1.49, 1.26, 1.21, 1.21, and 1.24 U/ml, respectively. The maximum CMCase production was attained by growth at 35 °C, pH 6, and 180 rpm for 5 days. Residual activities of CMCases from FAY088 and FAY0117 were 88% or more after growth at 40 °C, which is same as FAY0182 CMCase at 40 and 45 °C. Additionally, FAY0182 retained 73% residual activity at 50 °C. FAY088 and FAY0182 retained more than 85% at pH 7 and 8. Conversely, residual activities from FAY0103 and FAY0136 declined a lot by increasing growth temperature beyond 40 °C and pH beyond 7. The maximum CMCase stability in all isolates was observed at pH 7, 3-h incubation, and 40 °C except for FAY0103 CMCase showed optimum temperature at 30 °C. More than 70% CMCase stability was retained in case of FAY088 at 50 °C, FAY0117 at 50-70 °C, and FAY0136 at 50-60 °C. FAY088 CMCase seemed to be the lest sensitive to temperature variation as it displayed residual activities 67, 72, 78, 84, 77, 74, and 72% at pH 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, and 10, respectively. Finally, the five CMCase-producing isolates are recommended further enzyme applications in biotechnology and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa Abd Elhameed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
| | - Alaa R M Sayed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt. .,College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA.
| | - Tharwat E E Radwan
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
| | - Gamal Hassan
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
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Nanjundaswamy A, Okeke BC. Comprehensive Optimization of Culture Conditions for Production of Biomass-Hydrolyzing Enzymes of Trichoderma SG2 in Submerged and Solid-State Fermentation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 191:444-462. [PMID: 32248370 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03258-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulose biomass contain large macromolecules especially cellulose and hemicelluloses that can be converted to fuel and chemicals using microbial biocatalysts. This study presents comprehensive optimization of production of biomass-hydrolyzing enzymes (BHE) by a high β-glucosidase-producing Trichoderma SG2 for bioconversion of lignocellulose biomass. Overall, a mixture of paper powder and switchgrass was most suited for production of BHE in submerged fermentation (SmF). BHE production was significantly different for various organic and inorganic nitrogen sources. The combination of peptone, yeast extract, and ammonium sulfate resulted in the highest activities (Units/mL) of BHE: 9.85 ± 0.55 cellulase, 38.91 ± 0.31 xylanase, 21.19 ± 1.35 β-glucosidase, and 7.63 ± 0.31 β-xylosidase. Surfactants comparably enhanced BHE production. The highest cellulase activity (4.86 ± 0.55) was at 25 °C, whereas 35 °C supported the highest activities of xylanase, β-glucosidase, and β-xylosidase. A broad initial culture pH (4-7) supported BHE production. The Topt for cellulase and xylanase was 50 °C. β-xylosidase and β-glucosidase were optimally active at 40 and 70 °C, respectively; pH 5 resulted in highest cellulase, β-glucosidase, and β-xylosidase activities; and pH 6 resulted in highest xylanase activity. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize major medium ingredients. BHE activities were several orders of magnitude higher in solid-state fermentation (SSF) than in SmF. Therefore, SSF can be deployed for one-step production of complete mixture of Trichoderma SG2 BHE for bioconversion of biomass to saccharide feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda Nanjundaswamy
- Bioprocessing and Biofuel Research Lab, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, AL, USA. .,Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Alcorn State University, Lorman, MS, USA.
| | - Benedict C Okeke
- Bioprocessing and Biofuel Research Lab, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, AL, USA.
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Azzaz HH, Murad HA, Aboamer AA, Alzahar H, Fahmy M. Cellulase Production by <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> and its Application in Ruminant's Diets Degradation. Pak J Biol Sci 2020; 23:27-34. [PMID: 31930880 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2020.27.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Cellulase as a fibrolytic enzyme is a highly effective tool for agricultural waste treatments. Production of cellulase enzyme on medium of agricultural wastes by Fusarium graminearum to be used in ruminant feeding was the main objective of this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Impact of initial pH of growth medium, different nitrogen sources and variety of agriculture by products as a carbon sources on cellulase production have been studied. Electron microscope was used for investigate the impact of the resultant cellulase on corn stover degradation, while batch culture technique was used for investigate impact of different levels of the produced and commercial cellulases on total mixed ration digestibility by rumen microorganisms (in vitro). RESULTS Cellulase maximum production by F. graminearum was obtained at 20% corn stover, initial pH of growth medium 5.0 and peptone as a nitrogen source. All addition levels of the produced cellulase increased dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), cellulose and hemicellulose degradability of the treated diets, but the maximum produced cellulase efficiency% for dry matter degradability was obtained at 1200 IU kg-1 DM reached 23.19% over the control. CONCLUSION Utilization of the produced cellulase in enrichment of the feeding value of the agricultural by-products may help in overcome of the feed gap with good impact on environment and public health.
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Abdel-Azeem AM, Hasan GA, Mohesien MT. Biodegradation of Agricultural Wastes by Chaetomium Species. Fungal Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-31612-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hyper production of cellulose degrading endo (1,4) β-d-glucanase fromBacillus licheniformisKIBGE-IB2. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Bibi Z, Ansari A, Zohra RR, Aman A, Ul Qader SA. Production of xylan degrading endo-1, 4-β-xylanase from thermophilicGeobacillus stearothermophilusKIBGE-IB29. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Bibi
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
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Bharti AK, Kumar A, Kumar A, Dutt D. Exploitation of Parthenium hysterophorous biomass as low-cost substrate for cellulase and xylanase production under solid-state fermentation using Talaromyces stipitatus MTCC 12687. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Bharti
- Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur, 247 001, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur, 247 001, India
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Debre Markos University, Ethiopia
| | - Alok Kumar
- Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur, 247 001, India
| | - Dharm Dutt
- Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur, 247 001, India
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Kumar B, Bhardwaj N, Alam A, Agrawal K, Prasad H, Verma P. Production, purification and characterization of an acid/alkali and thermo tolerant cellulase from Schizophyllum commune NAIMCC-F-03379 and its application in hydrolysis of lignocellulosic wastes. AMB Express 2018; 8:173. [PMID: 30334113 PMCID: PMC6192944 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0696-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A cellulase producing fungus Schizophyllum commune NAIMCC-F-03379 was isolated from decomposed leaf sample of Lantana camera. The nutritional components (wheat bran, magnesium sulphate and calcium chloride concentrations) and physical parameters (temperature and pH) were optimised by response surface methodology for enhanced cellulase production by S. commune NAIMCC-F-03379. The optimized medium contained: 1% (w/v) wheat bran, 0.3 g/L MgSO4, 0.8–1.0 g/L CaCl2, optimum temperature and pH were 25 °C and 5 respectively. Under optimum condition, 5.35-fold increase in CMCase and 6.62-fold increase in FPase activity was obtained as compared to un-optimized condition. Crude cellulase enzyme was subjected to different purification techniques and comparative evaluation of their efficiency was performed. The aqueous two-phase system using polyethylene glycol 8000/MnSO4 system showed maximum purification with 10.4-fold increase in activity, 79.5% yield and 0.5 partition coefficient. The cellulase enzyme obtained from S. commune NAIMCC-F-03379 has shown high stability i.e. more than 55% relative activity after 12 h of incubation over wide range of temperature (25–65 °C) and pH (3–10). The molecular weight of the cellulase enzyme was estimated as ~ 60 kDa by using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and zymography. Km and Vmax value of cellulase on carboxy-methyl cellulose were obtained as 0.0909 mg/mL and 45.45 μmol/min mg respectively. Rice straw and wheat bran were subjected to hydrolysis using cellulase and cellulase–xylanase cocktail and analysed by thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC analysis showed glucose concentration of 1.162 mg/mL after enzymatic hydrolysis of rice straw.
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Karlapudi AP, Venkateswarulu TC, Srirama K, Dirisala VR, Kamarajugadda BP, Kota RK, Kodali VP. Purification and Lignocellulolytic Potential of Cellulase from Newly Isolated Acinetobacter indicus KTCV2 Strain. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, TRANSACTIONS A: SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40995-018-0600-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Hemansi, Gupta R, Kuhad RC, Saini JK. Cost effective production of complete cellulase system by newly isolated Aspergillus niger RCKH-3 for efficient enzymatic saccharification: Medium engineering by overall evaluation criteria approach (OEC). Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Saini A, Aggarwal NK, Yadav A. Cost-effective cellulase production using Parthenium hysterophorus biomass as an unconventional lignocellulosic substrate. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:12. [PMID: 28391474 PMCID: PMC5385179 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0604-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential of untreated Parthenium hysterophorus weed biomass was evaluated as a substrate for cellulase production. The cellulose in the biomass was used as the main source of carbon. Solid-state fermentation was carried out using Trichoderma reesei, and optimization of cultural conditions was done for maximization of cellulase production. The results revealed that highest cellulase production was achieved on the 8th day of incubation, at 30 °C, keeping solid-to-liquid ratio 1:2 when two discs of inoculum were used per gram of the substrate. The optimized inoculum age was 96 h for CMCase and 120 h for FPase. On studying the enhancing effect of different carbon and nitrogen sources, lactose and ammonium molybdate were found suitable, respectively. The optimized concentration of lactose for the highest CMCase and FPase activities was 1.5 and 1%, respectively. Ammonium molybdate was best at 1% concentration for both CMCase and FPase. Maximum CMCase and FPase activities obtained were 20.49 and 2.42 U/gds, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Saini
- Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Neeraj K Aggarwal
- Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India.
| | - Anita Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
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Nawaz MA, Bibi Z, Karim A, Rehman HU, Jamal M, Jan T, Aman A, Qader SAU. Production of α-1,4-glucosidase from Bacillus licheniformis KIBGE-IB4 by utilizing sweet potato peel. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:4058-4066. [PMID: 27928754 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8168-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, sweet potato peel (Ipomoea batatas) was observed as the most favorable substrate for the maximum synthesis of α-1,4-glucosidase among various agro-industrial residues. Bacillus licheniformis KIBGE-IB4 produced 6533.0 U ml-1 of α-1,4-glucosidase when growth medium was supplemented with 1% dried and crushed sweet potato peel. It was evident from the results that bacterial isolate secreted 6539.0 U ml-1 of α-1,4-glucosidase in the presence of 0.4% peptone and meat extract with 0.1% yeast extract. B. licheniformis KIBGE-IB4 released 6739.0 and 7190.0 U ml-1 of enzyme at 40 °C and pH 7.0, respectively. An improved and cost-effective growth medium design resulted 8590.0 U ml-1 of α-1,4-glucosidase with 1.3-fold increase as compared to initial amount from B. licheniformis KIBGE-IB4. This enzyme can be used to fulfill the accelerating demand of food and pharmaceutical industries. Further purification and immobilization of this enzyme can also enhance its utility for various commercial applications. Graphical abstract Pictorial representation of maltase production from sweet potato peel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asif Nawaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir Upper, KPK, Pakistan.
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Zainab Bibi
- Department of Biotechnology, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science, and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Asad Karim
- National Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Haneef Ur Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turbat, Kech, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Muhsin Jamal
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Garden Campus, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Tour Jan
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Chaldara, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Afsheen Aman
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shah Ali Ul Qader
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
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Bagewadi ZK, Mulla SI, Shouche Y, Ninnekar HZ. Xylanase production from Penicillium citrinum isolate HZN13 using response surface methodology and characterization of immobilized xylanase on glutaraldehyde-activated calcium-alginate beads. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:164. [PMID: 28330236 PMCID: PMC4980835 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0484-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study reports the production of high-level cellulase-free xylanase from Penicillium citrinum isolate HZN13. The variability in xylanase titers was assessed under both solid-state (SSF) and submerged (SmF) fermentation. SSF was initially optimized with different agro-waste residues, among them sweet sorghum bagasse was found to be the best substrate that favored maximum xylanase production (9643 U/g). Plackett–Burman and response surface methodology employing central composite design were used to optimize the process parameters for the production of xylanase under SSF. A second-order quadratic model and response surface method revealed the optimum conditions for xylanase production (sweet sorghum bagasse 25 g/50 ml; ammonium sulphate 0.36 %; yeast extract 0.6 %; pH 4; temperature 40 °C) yielding 30,144 U/g. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a high correlation coefficient (R2 = 97.63 %). Glutaraldehyde-activated calcium-alginate-immobilized purified xylanase showed recycling stability (87 %) up to seven cycles. Immobilized purified xylanase showed enhanced thermo-stability in comparison to immobilized crude xylanase. Immobilization kinetics of crude and purified xylanase revealed an increase in Km (12.5 and 11.11 mg/ml) and Vmax (12,500 and 10,000 U/mg), respectively. Immobilized (crude) enzymatic hydrolysis of sweet sorghum bagasse released 8.1 g/g (48 h) of reducing sugars. Xylose and other oligosaccharides produced during hydrolysis were detected by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. The biomass was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray and Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy. However, this is one of the few reports on high-level cellulase-free xylanase from P. citrinum isolate using sweet sorghum bagasse.
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M. S, Singh S, Tiwari R, Goel R, Nain L. Do cultural conditions induce differential protein expression: Profiling of extracellular proteome of Aspergillus terreus CM20. Microbiol Res 2016; 192:73-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kamran A, Bibi Z, Aman A, Qader SAU. Hyper Production of Β-Galactosidase From Newly Isolated Strain ofAspergillus nidulans. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aysha Kamran
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE); University of Karachi; Karachi 75270 Pakistan
| | - Zainab Bibi
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE); University of Karachi; Karachi 75270 Pakistan
| | - Afsheen Aman
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE); University of Karachi; Karachi 75270 Pakistan
| | - Shah Ali Ul Qader
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE); University of Karachi; Karachi 75270 Pakistan
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Kumar A, Dutt D, Gautam A. Production of crude enzyme from Aspergillus nidulans AKB-25 using black gram residue as the substrate and its industrial applications. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2016; 14:107-118. [PMID: 30647604 PMCID: PMC6299890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The production of crop residues in India is estimated to be about 500-550 million tons annually. It is estimated that about 93 million tons of crop residues is burnt annually which is not only wastage of valuable biomass resources but pollution of the environment with the production of green house gases also. Among different low cost crop residues, black gram residue as the substrate produced maximal endoglucanase, FPase, and β-glucosidase activities from Aspergillus nidulans AKB-25 under solid-state fermentation. During optimisation of cultural parameters A. nidulans AKB-25 produced maximal endoglucanase (152.14 IU/gds), FPase (3.42 FPU/gds) and xylanase (2441.03 IU/gds) activities. The crude enzyme was found effective for the saccharification of pearl millet stover and bio-deinking of mixed office waste paper. The crude enzyme from A. nidulans AKB-25 produced maximum fermentable sugars of 546.91 mg/g from alkali-pretreated pearl millet stover by saccharification process at a dose of 15 FPU/g of substrate. Pulp brightness and deinking efficiency of mixed office waste paper improved by 4.6% and 25.01% respectively and mitigated dirt counts by 74.70% after bio-deinking. Physical strength properties like burst index, tensile index and double fold number were also improved during bio-deinking of mixed office waste paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 247 001, India
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Paudel YP, Qin W. Characterization of Novel Cellulase-producing Bacteria Isolated From Rotting Wood Samples. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 177:1186-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1806-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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