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Qadah RM, Al-Sharman A, Shalash RJ, Arumugam A. Are accelerometer-measured sitting and physical activity times associated with muscle mass and strength in healthy young adults in the UAE? Heliyon 2024; 10:e30899. [PMID: 38770340 PMCID: PMC11103532 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A high prevalence of obesity, sedentary behavior, and physical inactivity could affect muscle mass and strength in young adults in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Therefore, we investigated the association of sex, body mass index (BMI), and accelerometer-measured sitting and physical activity (PA) times with skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), hand grip, and thigh muscle strength in healthy young adults in the UAE. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 156 healthy young adults (age 21.68 ± 3.01 years, BMI 25.40 ± 4.79 kg/m2, 52.6 % women) were included. BMI and muscle mass were recorded using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer. Maximum hand grip strength and thigh muscle torque were assessed using the Jamar-smart hand-dynamometer and Biodex System-4-Pro, respectively. Participants wore a triaxial Fibion accelerometer on their anterior thigh for >10 h per day for 4-7 days to measure their sitting and PA times. Multiple linear regression analyses were used. Results Participants spent most of their time sitting (11.37 ± 1.10 h), followed by standing (2.92 ± 0.86 h), walking (1.58 ± 0.55 h), and vigorous intensity PA (4.79 ± 5.85 min) per 16-h day. Sex (p < 0.001) and BMI (p < 0.001) were negatively associated with all muscle mass and strength variables. Men had more muscle mass and strength than women. As BMI increased, muscle mass and muscle strength decreased. Accelerometer-measured sitting and walking times were negatively associated with concentric hamstrings (p = 0.044) and quadriceps torques (p = 0.031), respectively. Conclusion Sex, BMI, and accelerometer-measured sitting and walking times were associated with muscle mass and/or muscle strength in healthy young adults. Women and those with a high BMI need interventions to improve their muscle mass and strength. The paradox regarding the association of PA with muscle mass and strength in younger adults may be due to possible influences from other factors (e.g., resistance training, dietary intakes, etc.) superseding that of accelerometer-measured PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raneen Mohammed Qadah
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box: 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Neuromusculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, RIMHS–Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alham Al-Sharman
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box: 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Neuromusculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, RIMHS–Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
- Health Promotion Research Group -Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Reime Jamal Shalash
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box: 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Neuromusculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, RIMHS–Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ashokan Arumugam
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box: 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Neuromusculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, RIMHS–Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sustainable Engineering Asset Management Research Group, RISE-Research Institute of Science and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Adjunct Faculty, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Bramah C, Mendiguchia J, Dos'Santos T, Morin JB. Exploring the Role of Sprint Biomechanics in Hamstring Strain Injuries: A Current Opinion on Existing Concepts and Evidence. Sports Med 2024; 54:783-793. [PMID: 37725240 PMCID: PMC11052868 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01925-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Hamstring strain injuries are one of the most common injuries in sprint-based sports with the mechanism of injury considered the result of an interaction between applied mechanical strain and the capacity of the muscle to tolerate strain. To date, injury prevention and rehabilitation strategies have frequently focused on enhancing the capacity of the hamstrings to tolerate strain, with little consideration of factors directly influencing mechanical strain. Sprint running biomechanics are one factor proposed to influence the mechanical strain applied to the hamstrings that may be modified (towards reduced strain) within rehabilitation and injury prevention programs. This article aims to explore the theoretical mechanistic link between sprint running mechanics and hamstring strain injury, along with the available supporting evidence. In doing so, it hopes to provide practitioners with an understanding of mechanical parameters that may influence hamstring strain injury whilst also identifying areas for further research exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Bramah
- School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Allerton Building, Frederick Road Campus, Salford, M6 6PU, UK.
- Manchester Institute of Health and Performance, Manchester, UK.
| | - Jurdan Mendiguchia
- Department of Physical Therapy, ZENTRUM Rehab and Performance Centre, Barañain, Spain
| | - Thomas Dos'Santos
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Institute of Sport, Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Jean-Benoȋt Morin
- University Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, University Savoie Mont-Blanc, Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, EA 7424, Saint-Etienne, France
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Schuermans J, Van Tiggelen D, Palmans T, Danneels L, Witvrouw E. Deviating running kinematics and hamstring injury susceptibility in male soccer players: Cause or consequence? Gait Posture 2017; 57:270-277. [PMID: 28683419 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.06.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the vast majority of hamstring injuries in male soccer are sustained during high speed running, the association between sprinting kinematics and hamstring injury vulnerability has never been investigated prospectively in a cohort at risk. PURPOSE This study aimed to objectify the importance of lower limb and trunk kinematics during full sprint in hamstring injury susceptibility. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; level of evidence, 2. METHODS At the end of the 2013 soccer season, three-dimensional kinematic data of the lower limb and trunk were collected during sprinting in a cohort consisting of 30 soccer players with a recent history of hamstring injury and 30 matched controls. Subsequently, a 1.5 season follow up was conducted for (re)injury registry. Ultimately, joint and segment motion patterns were submitted to retro- and prospective statistical curve analyses for injury risk prediction. RESULTS Statistical analysis revealed that index injury occurrence was associated with higher levels of anterior pelvic tilting and thoracic side bending throughout the airborne (swing) phases of sprinting, whereas no kinematic differences during running were found when comparing players with a recent hamstring injury history with their matched controls. CONCLUSION Deficient core stability, enabling excessive pelvis and trunk motion during swing, probably increases the primary injury risk. Although sprinting encompasses a relative risk of hamstring muscle failure in every athlete, running coordination demonstrated to be essential in hamstring injury prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joke Schuermans
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Damien Van Tiggelen
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tanneke Palmans
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lieven Danneels
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Erik Witvrouw
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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An investigation into the immediate effects of pelvic taping on hamstring eccentric force in an elite male sprinter - A case report. Phys Ther Sport 2017; 28:15-22. [PMID: 28923589 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hamstring Injuries commonly cause missed training and competition time in elite sports. Injury surveillance studies have demonstrated high injury and re-injury rates, which have not improved across sports despite screening and prevention programmes being commonplace. The most commonly suggested intervention for hamstring prevention and rehabilitation is eccentric strength assessment and training. CASE DESCRIPTION This case study describes the management of an elite sprinter with a history of hamstring injury. A multi-variate screening process based around lumbar-pelvic dysfunction and hamstring strength assessment using the Nordbord is employed. The effect of external pelvic compression using a taping technique, on eccentric hamstring strength is evaluated. OUTCOMES A persistent eccentric strength asymmetry of 17% was recorded as well as lumbar-pelvic control deficits. Pelvic taping appears to improve load transfer capability across the pelvis, resulting in correction of eccentric strength asymmetry. DISCUSSION Screening strategies and interventions to prevent hamstring injury have failed to consistently improve injury rates across various sports. In this case study external pelvic compression resulted in normalising eccentric strength deficits assessed using the Nordbord. The inclusion of lumbar-pelvic motor control assessment, in relation to hamstring strength and function, as part of a multi-variate screening strategy requires further research.
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Aldret RL, Trahan BA, Davis G, Campbell B, Bellar DM. Effects of an Elastic Hamstring Assistance Device During Downhill Running. J Hum Kinet 2017; 57:73-83. [PMID: 28713460 PMCID: PMC5504580 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the appropriateness of using an elastic hamstring assistance device to reduce perceived levels of soreness, increase isometric strength, increase passive range of motion, and decrease biomarkers of muscle damage after eccentric exercise, specifically, downhill running This study was conducted in a university exercise physiology laboratory placing sixteen apparently healthy males (X = 21.6 ± 2.5 years) into two groups using a pre-test/post-test design. Pre-intervention measures taken included participants' body height, body mass, body fat, capillary blood samples, VO2max, isometric hamstring strength at 45 and 90 degrees of flexion and passive hamstring range of motion. Post-intervention measures included blood biomarkers, passive range of motion, the perceived level of soreness and isometric strength. An analysis of normality of data was initially conducted followed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) of hamstring strength at 45 and 90 degrees of flexion, blood myoglobin and passive range of motion of the hamstrings. Statistically significant changes were noted in subject-perceived muscle soreness and isometric strength at 90 degrees at the 24-hour post-exercise trial measure between the two groups. Results would suggest the findings could be explained by the decrease in muscle soreness from utilizing the device during the exercise trial. Further research should be conducted to address sample size issues and to determine if the results are comparable on different surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy L Aldret
- School of Kinesiology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, USA
| | - Brittany A Trahan
- School of Kinesiology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, USA
| | - Greggory Davis
- School of Kinesiology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, USA
| | - Brian Campbell
- School of Kinesiology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, USA
| | - David M Bellar
- School of Kinesiology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, USA
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