1
|
Relationships between Risk Events, Personality Traits, and Risk Perception of Adolescent Athletes in Sports Training. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:ijerph19010445. [PMID: 35010699 PMCID: PMC8744543 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Personality traits have close relationships with risky behaviors in various domains, including physical education, competition, and athletic training. It is yet little known about how trait personality dimensions associate with risk events and how vital factors, such as risk perception, could affect the happening of risk events in adolescent athletes. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the prediction of risk events by regression analysis with dimensions of personality, risk perception and sports, relations between risk events, risk perception, and the facets of the personality dimensions via data collecting from 664 adolescent athletes aged 13–18 years (male 364, female 300). Secondary intent is to assess school-specific levels of training risks among sports schools, regular schools, and sports and education integrated schools. The results show that psychology events are the strongest predicted by personality traits, risk perception, and sports, followed by injury and nutrition. Emotionality has the most significant positive correlation with risk events, while other traits have a significant negative correlation with risk events, except agreeableness. The integration schools are more conducive to the healthy development of adolescent athletes’ personalities. Moreover, the research indicates that sports training can strengthen the development directions of different personality characteristics.
Collapse
|
2
|
Schmidt JD, Anderson M, Weber Rawlins M, Foster CA, Johnson BR, D'Lauro C. Number of prior concussions predict poorer concussion care seeking in military cadets. Brain Inj 2021; 35:1598-1606. [PMID: 34546810 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2021.1976418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE To determine whether concussion history predicts concussion care seeking, self-management practices, or confidence to recognize/report. RESEARCH DESIGN Cross-sectional. METHODS & PROCEDURES 706 United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) cadets completed survey items regarding concussion history (0,1,2,3+), likelihood of reporting a concussion, self-management, and confidence to recognize/report. We used multivariate ordinal and binary logistic regression models to predict responses using concussion history, sex, and race.Main outcomes & results: cadets with 1 (OR = 0.59, 95%CI:0.43-0.82), 2 (OR = 0.55, 95%CI:0.31-0.98), or 3+ (OR = 0.36, 95%CI:0.17-0.78) concussions while at USAFA had respective 41%, 45%, and 64% lower likelihood to report the concussion scenario (ref = no history, p < .001). USAFA cadets with more extensive concussion histories had higher prevalence of not seeking care for a concussion (p < .001); more strongly endorsed self-management (p = .001-0.010); and had greater confidence in their ability to recognize a concussion (p = .005), but not to report (p = .198-0.413). CONCLUSIONS Prior concussion experiences may deter cadets from seeking medical care for future concussions. Interventions should address concussion history and clinicians should consider how the post-concussion management process might deter care seeking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julianne D Schmidt
- UGAConcussion Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - Melissa Anderson
- UGAConcussion Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - Michelle Weber Rawlins
- Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, At Still University, Mesa, Arizona, USA
| | - Craig A Foster
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Leadership, USAF Academy, Colorado, USA
| | - Brian R Johnson
- Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher D'Lauro
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Leadership, USAF Academy, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Trinh LN, Brown SM, Mulcahey MK. The Influence of Psychological Factors on the Incidence and Severity of Sports-Related Concussions: A Systematic Review. Am J Sports Med 2020; 48:1516-1525. [PMID: 31702943 DOI: 10.1177/0363546519882626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An athlete's preexisting psychological factors may influence the incidence and/or severity of sports-related concussions (SRCs). PURPOSE To determine if emotional states, personality traits, temperament, life stressors, and explanatory styles (optimism vs pessimism) influence the incidence and severity of SRCs in athletes. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. METHODS A systematic literature search of multiple major medical reference databases was performed following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Studies were included that evaluated the effect of preexisting psychological factors on the incidence and severity of SRCs in male and female athletes participating in all sports. RESULTS The initial search identified 1195 articles. Ten studies met our inclusion criteria and were included in our analysis. Factors such as meanness, aggression, and psychoticism were associated with an increased incidence of SRCs. Baseline traits of irritability, sadness, nervousness, and depressive symptoms were associated with worse symptomatology after SRCs. In young athletes, preexisting psychiatric illnesses, family history of psychiatric illness, and significant life stressors were associated with an increased risk of developing postconcussion syndrome after SRCs. CONCLUSION This systematic review demonstrated a potential relationship between an athlete's preexisting psychological factors and the incidence and severity of SRCs. These associations are not entirely clear owing to the heterogeneity across included studies and the low-to-moderate certainty of evidence. Future studies should attempt to evaluate men and women independently, use well-validated psychological questionnaires, and limit the usage of self-reported SRCs, when possible. Furthermore, the potential efficacy of baseline psychological factor and/or symptom reports on the prevention and management of SRCs should be explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lily N Trinh
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Symone M Brown
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Mary K Mulcahey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gallo V, McElvenny D, Hobbs C, Davoren D, Morris H, Crutch S, Zetterberg H, Fox NC, Kemp S, Cross M, Arden NK, Davies MAM, Malaspina A, Pearce N. BRain health and healthy AgeINg in retired rugby union players, the BRAIN Study: study protocol for an observational study in the UK. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e017990. [PMID: 29282262 PMCID: PMC5770902 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Relatively little is known about the long-term health of former elite rugby players, or former sportspeople more generally. As well as the potential benefits of being former elite sportspersons, there may be potential health risks from exposures occurring during an individual's playing career, as well as following retirement. Each contact sport has vastly different playing dynamics, therefore exposing its players to different types of potential traumas. Current evidence suggests that these are not necessarily comparable in terms of pathophysiology, and their potential long-term adverse effects might also differ. There is currently limited but increasing evidence that poorer age-related and neurological health exists among former professional sportsmen exposed to repetitive concussions; however the evidence is limited on rugby union players, specifically. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We present the protocol for a cross-sectional study to assess the association between self-reported history of concussion during a playing career, and subsequent measures of healthy ageing and neurological and cognitive impairment. We are recruiting a sample of approximately 200 retired rugby players (former Oxford and Cambridge University rugby players and members of the England Rugby International Club) aged 50 years or more, and collecting a number of general and neurological health-related outcome measures though validated assessments. Biomarkers of neurodegeneration (neurofilaments and tau) will be also be measured. Although the study is focusing on rugby union players specifically, the general study design and the methods for assessing neurological health are likely to be relevant to other studies of former elite sportspersons. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has been approved by the Ethical Committee of London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (reference: 11634-2). It is intended that results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed medical journals, communicated to participants, the general public and all relevant stakeholders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gallo
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Damien McElvenny
- Research Division, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Catherine Hobbs
- Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Donna Davoren
- Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Huw Morris
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sebastian Crutch
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of molecular neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, London, UK
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Nick C Fox
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Nigel K Arden
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, exercise and osteoarthritis, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Madeleine A M Davies
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, exercise and osteoarthritis, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrea Malaspina
- Department of Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Neil Pearce
- Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|