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Liu M, Li H, Fan L, Yan W, Yan YF. Treatment Effects of Acetazolamide on Ischemic Stroke: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. World Neurosurg 2024; 185:e750-e757. [PMID: 38423457 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.02.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke significantly contributes to high mortality and disability rates. Cerebral edema is a common consequence of ischemic stroke and can lead to aggravation or even death. Current treatment strategies are limited to decompressive craniectomy and the intravascular administration of hypertonic drugs, which have significant side effects. Acetazolamide (ACZ) plays a therapeutic role in cerebral edema by inhibiting aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) and improving collateral circulation. This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis and systematic review of ACZ therapy for ischemic stroke and evaluate its efficacy in animal models. METHODS We searched Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database until April 2023 for studies on ACZ in ischemic animal models. The quality of the animal trials was assessed using the Collaborative Approach to Meta-Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Stroke. RESULTS After screening 376 articles, only 5 studies were included. We found that ACZ reduced brain edema in cerebral ischemia 24 hours after onset (standard mean difference, -2.00; 95% confidence interval, -3.57 to -0.43, P = 0.01). ACZ also inhibited AQP-4 expression 24 hours after onset (standard mean difference-1.46; 95% confidence interval, -2.01 to -0.91, P < 0.001). Brain edema and AQP-4 expression also showed a declining trend on the third day after onset, although there were not enough data to support this. The effect of ACZ on brain ischemia in animals' neurological function is uncertain because of the limited research data. CONCLUSIONS ACZ inhibited AQP-4 and alleviated brain edema after ischemic stroke in the early stages but seemingly could not improve the neurological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shang Hai, China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shang Hai, China
| | - Lijun Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shang Hai, China
| | - Wenna Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shang Hai, China
| | - Yu-Feng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shang Hai, China.
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Rump K, Koos B, Ziehe D, Thon P, Rahmel T, Palmowski L, Marko B, Wolf A, Witowski A, Bazzi Z, Bazzi M, Orlowski J, Adamzik M, Bergmann L, Unterberg M. Methazolamide Reduces the AQP5 mRNA Expression and Immune Cell Migration-A New Potential Drug in Sepsis Therapy? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:610. [PMID: 38203778 PMCID: PMC10779206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by the dysregulated host response to infection. Novel therapeutic options are urgently needed and aquaporin inhibitors could suffice as aquaporin 5 (Aqp5) knockdown provided enhanced sepsis survival in a murine sepsis model. Potential AQP5 inhibitors provide sulfonamides and their derivatives. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that sulfonamides reduce AQP5 expression in different conditions. The impact of sulfonamides on AQP5 expression and immune cell migration was examined in cell lines REH and RAW 264.7 by qPCR, Western blot and migration assay. Subsequently, whether furosemide and methazolamide are capable of reducing AQP5 expression after LPS incubation was investigated in whole blood samples of healthy volunteers. Incubation with methazolamide (10-5 M) and furosemide (10-6 M) reduced AQP5 mRNA and protein expression by about 30% in REH cells. Pre-incubation of the cells with methazolamide reduced cell migration towards SDF1-α compared to non-preincubated cells to control level. Pre-incubation with methazolamide in PBMCs led to a reduction in LPS-induced AQP5 expression compared to control levels, while furosemide failed to reduce it. Methazolamide appears to reduce AQP5 expression and migration of immune cells. However, after LPS administration, the reduction in AQP5 expression by methazolamide is no longer possible. Hence, our study indicates that methazolamide is capable of reducing AQP5 expression and has the potential to be used in sepsis prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Rump
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany; (B.K.); (D.Z.); (P.T.); (T.R.); (L.P.); (B.M.); (A.W.); (A.W.); (Z.B.); (M.B.); (J.O.); (M.A.); (M.U.)
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Alanazi AH, Chastain DB, Rudraraju M, Parvathagiri V, Shan S, Lin X, Henao-Martínez AF, Franco-Paredes C, Narayanan SP, Somanath PR. A multi-arm, parallel, preclinical study investigating the potential benefits of acetazolamide, candesartan, and triciribine in combination with fluconazole for the treatment of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 960:176177. [PMID: 37931839 PMCID: PMC10985624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans, an opportunistic fungal pathogen, primarily infects immunodeficient patients frequently causing cryptococcal meningoencephalitis (CM). Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is a serious complication responsible for increased morbidity and mortality in CM patients. Non-invasive pharmacological agents that mitigate ICP could be beneficial in treating CM patients. The objective of the study was to investigate the efficacy of acetazolamide (AZA), candesartan (CAN), and triciribine (TCBN), in combination with the antifungal fluconazole, on C. neoformans-induced endothelial, brain, and lung injury in an experimental mouse model of CM. Our study shows that C. neoformans increases the expression of brain endothelial cell (BEC) junction proteins Claudin-5 (Cldn5) and VE-Cadherin to induce pathological cell-barrier remodeling and gap formation associated with increased Akt and p38 MAPK activation. All three agents inhibited C. neoformans-induced endothelial gap formation, only CAN and TCBN significantly reduced C. neoformans-induced Cldn5 expression, and only TCBN was effective in inhibiting Akt and p38MAPK. Interestingly, although C. neoformans did not cause brain or lung edema in mice, it induced lung and brain injuries, which were significantly reversed by AZA, CAN, or TCBN. Our study provides novel insights into the direct effects of C. neoformans on BECs in vitro, and the potential benefits of using AZA, CAN, or TCBN in the management of CM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz H Alanazi
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA, 30907, USA; Research Department, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30901, USA
| | - Daniel B Chastain
- Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, SWGA Clinical Campus, Phoebe Putney Memorial Hospital, Albany, GA, 31701, USA
| | - Madhuri Rudraraju
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA, 30907, USA; Research Department, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30901, USA
| | - Varun Parvathagiri
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA, 30907, USA; Research Department, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30901, USA
| | - Shengshuai Shan
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA, 30907, USA; Research Department, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30901, USA
| | - Xiaorong Lin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Andrés F Henao-Martínez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Carlos Franco-Paredes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA; Hospital Infantil de México, Federico Gómez, México City, 06720, Mexico
| | - S Priya Narayanan
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA, 30907, USA; Research Department, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30901, USA
| | - Payaningal R Somanath
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA, 30907, USA; Research Department, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30901, USA.
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Zhang Y, Zhang C, He XZ, Li ZH, Meng JC, Mao RT, Li X, Xue R, Gui Q, Zhang GX, Wang LH. Interaction Between the Glymphatic System and α-Synuclein in Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2209-2222. [PMID: 36637746 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03212-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The glymphatic system contributes to the clearance of amyloid-β from the brain and is disrupted in Alzheimer's disease. However, whether the system is involved in the removal of α-synuclein (α-syn) and whether it is suppressed in Parkinson's disease (PD) remain largely unknown. In mice receiving the intranigral injection of recombinant human α-syn, we found that the glymphatic suppression via aquaporin-4 (AQP4) gene deletion or acetazolamide treatment reduced the clearance of injected α-syn from the brain. In mice overexpressing the human A53T-α-syn, we revealed that AQP4 deficiency accelerated the accumulation of α-syn, facilitated the loss of dopaminergic neurons, and accelerated PD-like symptoms. We also found that the overexpression of A53T-α-syn reduced the expression/polarization of AQP4 and suppressed the glymphatic activity of mice. The study demonstrates a close interaction between the AQP4-mediated glymphatic system and parenchymal α-syn, indicating that restoring the glymphatic activity is a potential therapeutic target to delay PD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Zhong He
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Hua Li
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Cai Meng
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Ting Mao
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Xue
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Gui
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, 26 Dao-Qian Street, Suzhou, 215002, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Xing Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Hui Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
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Wang Q, Li Y, Wu C, Wang T, Wu M. Aquaporin-1 inhibition exacerbates ischemia-reperfusion-induced lung injury in mouse. Am J Med Sci 2023; 365:84-92. [PMID: 36075463 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2022.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), which involves severe inflammation and edema, is an inevitable feature of the lung transplantation process and leads to primary graft dysfunction (PGD). The activation of aquaporin 1 (AQP1) modulates fluid transport in the alveolar space. The current study investigated the role of AQP1 in ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced lung injury. METHODS A mouse model of lung IR was established by clamping the left lung hilar for 1 h and released for reperfusion for 24 h. The AQP1 inhibitor acetazolamide (AZA) was administered 3 days before lung ischemia with a dose of 100 mg/kg per day via gavage. Lung injury was evaluated using the ratio of wet-to-dry weight, peripheral bronchial epithelial thickness, degree of angioedema, acute lung injury score, neutrophil infiltration, and cytokine concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. RESULTS Compared with sham treatment, ischemia with no reperfusion (IR 0h) and ischemia with reperfusion for 24 h (IR 24 h) significantly upregulated AQP1 expression, increased the wet/dry weight ratio, angioedema, neutrophil infiltration and cytokine production (interleukin -6 and tumor necrosis factor -α) and thickened the peripheral bronchial epithelium. AZA exacerbated inflammation and pulmonary edema. CONCLUSION AQP1 may exert a protective effect against IR-induced lung injury, which could be attributed to alleviating pulmonary edema and inflammation. AQP1 upregulation might be a potential application to alleviate lung IRI and decrease the incidence of PGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Yangfan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Chuanqiang Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China; Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
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Tellería-Orriols JJ, López-Hernández S, Vidriales-Vicente I, Rodríguez-Arias CA. Association between RS3763040 polymorphism of the AQP4 and idiopathic intracranial hypertension in a Spanish Caucasian population. Transl Neurosci 2023; 14:20220309. [PMID: 37724184 PMCID: PMC10505302 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a condition of increased intracranial pressure of unknown aetiology. Principal symptoms are headache, visual disturbances, and obesity, together with elevated intracranial pressure. Unspecified MRI, despite normal ventricle size, suggests alterations in the water flux cellular mediated by the brain water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4). The association among IIH, cerebral spinal fluid malfunction, reabsorption, and functional or regulatory modifications of AQP4 is a hypothesis not confirmed. Methods Blood samples were collected from 72 Spanish Caucasian patients with IIH. A genetic association study was performed with bi-allelic SNPs rs1049305 and rs10244884 in AQ1 and rs2075575, rs3763043, and rs3763040 in AQ4. Genetic data were compared with 94 healthy Caucasian control. Statistics studies were assessed by Pearson's χ 2 tests for 2 × 2 (alleles) or 3 × 2 (genotypes) contingency tables. A P value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results Statistically significant differences were found when comparing the results of the rs3763040 polymorphism of the AQ4 locus of IIH patients with controls, in genotypic frequencies (P = 0.0442) and allele frequencies (P = 0.0171). Furthermore, a statistically significant difference (P = 0.0207) was found in individuals carrying and not carrying the minor allele (GG + GA individuals vs GG homozygotes). No statistically significant differences were found when comparing allele and genotypic frequencies for SNPs rs1049305 and rs10244884 of AQ1 and rs2075575 and rs3763043 of AQ4. Conclusions The association of AQP4 and specifically of its polymorphic variant rs3763040 with IIH should be validated in other ethnic groups in order to assess more precisely the role of AQP4 in the etiopathogenesis of IIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Tellería-Orriols
- Unit of Excellence Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), University of Valladolid and Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
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Alanazi AH, Adil MS, Lin X, Chastain DB, Henao-Martínez AF, Franco-Paredes C, Somanath PR. Elevated Intracranial Pressure in Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis: Examining Old, New, and Promising Drug Therapies. Pathogens 2022; 11:783. [PMID: 35890028 PMCID: PMC9321092 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11070783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of effective antifungal therapy, cryptococcal meningoencephalitis (CM) remains associated with elevated mortality. The spectrum of symptoms associated with the central nervous system (CNS) cryptococcosis is directly caused by the high fungal burden in the subarachnoid space and the peri-endothelial space of the CNS vasculature, which results in intracranial hypertension (ICH). Management of intracranial pressure (ICP) through aggressive drainage of cerebrospinal fluid by lumbar puncture is associated with increased survival. Unfortunately, these procedures are invasive and require specialized skills and supplies that are not readily available in resource-limited settings that carry the highest burden of CM. The institution of pharmacologic therapies to reduce the production or increase the resorption of cerebrospinal fluid would likely improve clinical outcomes associated with ICH in patients with CM. Here, we discuss the potential role of multiple pharmacologic drug classes such as diuretics, corticosteroids, and antiepileptic agents used to decrease ICP in various neurological conditions as potential future therapies for CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz H. Alanazi
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30902, USA; (A.H.A.); (M.S.A.)
- Research Department, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Mir S. Adil
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30902, USA; (A.H.A.); (M.S.A.)
- Research Department, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Xiaorong Lin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Daniel B. Chastain
- Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, UGA College of Pharmacy, SWGA Clinical Campus, Phoebe Putney Memorial Hospital, Albany, GA 31701, USA;
| | - Andrés F. Henao-Martínez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (A.F.H.-M.); (C.F.-P.)
| | - Carlos Franco-Paredes
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (A.F.H.-M.); (C.F.-P.)
- Hospital Infantil de México, Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico
| | - Payaningal R. Somanath
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30902, USA; (A.H.A.); (M.S.A.)
- Research Department, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Zelmanovich R, Pierre K, Felisma P, Cole D, Goldman M, Lucke-Wold B. High Altitude Cerebral Edema: Improving Treatment Options. BIOLOGICS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 2:81-91. [PMID: 35425940 PMCID: PMC9006955 DOI: 10.3390/biologics2010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
High altitude illness in its most severe form can lead to high altitude cerebral edema (HACE). Current strategies have focused on prevention with graduated ascents, pharmacologic prophylaxis, and descent at first signs of symptoms. Little is understood regarding treatment with steroids and oxygenation being commonly utilized. Pre-clinical studies with turmeric derivatives have offered promise due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, but they warrant validation clinically. Ongoing work is focused on better understanding the disease pathophysiology with an emphasis on the glymphatic system and venous outflow obstruction. This review highlights what is known regarding diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, while also introducing novel pathophysiology mechanisms warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Pierre
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Patrick Felisma
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Dwayne Cole
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Matthew Goldman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Brandon Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Relevance of Aquaporins for Gamete Function and Cryopreservation. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12050573. [PMID: 35268142 PMCID: PMC8909058 DOI: 10.3390/ani12050573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The interaction between cells and the extracellular medium is of great importance; changes in medium composition can drive water movement across plasma membranes. Aquaporins (AQPs) are membrane channels involved in the transport of water and some solutes across membranes. When sperm enter the female reproductive tract after ejaculation, they encounter a drastic change in extracellular composition, which leads to water flowing across the plasma membrane. This triggers a series of events that are crucial to allowing fertilization to take place, such as regulation of sperm motility. In the context of assisted reproduction techniques (ART), long-term storage of gametes is sometimes required, and, during cryopreservation, these cells undergo drastic changes in extracellular medium composition. As a result, AQPs are crucial in both sperm and oocytes during this process. Cryopreservation is of considerable importance for fertility preservation in livestock, endangered species and for individuals undergoing certain medical treatments that compromise their fertility. Further research to fully elucidate the roles and underlying mechanisms of AQPs in mammalian sperm is therefore warranted. Abstract The interaction between cells and the extracellular medium is of great importance, and drastic changes in extracellular solute concentrations drive water movement across the plasma membrane. Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of transmembrane channels that allow the transport of water and small solutes across cell membranes. Different members of this family have been identified in gametes. In sperm, they are relevant to osmoadaptation after entering the female reproductive tract, which is crucial for sperm motility activation and capacitation and, thus, for their fertilizing ability. In addition, they are relevant during the cryopreservation process, since some members of this family are also permeable to glycerol, one of the most frequently used cryoprotective agents in livestock. Regarding oocytes, AQPs are very important in their maturation but also during cryopreservation. Further research to define the exact sets of AQPs that are present in oocytes from different species is needed, since the available literature envisages certain AQPs and their roles but does not provide complete information on the whole set of AQPs. This is of considerable importance because, in sperm, specific AQPs are known to compensate the role of non-functional members.
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Dadgostar E, Rahimi S, Nikmanzar S, Nazemi S, Naderi Taheri M, Alibolandi Z, Aschner M, Mirzaei H, Tamtaji OR. Aquaporin 4 in Traumatic Brain Injury: From Molecular Pathways to Therapeutic Target. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:860-871. [PMID: 35088218 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03512-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is known as an acute degenerative pathology of the central nervous system, and has been shown to increase brain aquaporin 4 (AQP4) expression. Various molecular mechanisms affect AQP4 expression, including neuronal high mobility group box 1, forkhead box O3a, vascular endothelial growth factor, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α (HIF-1 α) sirtuin 2, NF-κB, Malat1, nerve growth factor and Angiotensin II receptor type 1. In addition, inhibition of AQP4 with FK-506, MK-801 (indirectly by targeting N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor), inactivation of adenosine A2A receptor, levetiracetam, adjudin, progesterone, estrogen, V1aR inhibitor, hypertonic saline, erythropoietin, poloxamer 188, brilliant blue G, HIF-1alpha inhibitor, normobaric oxygen therapy, astaxanthin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, sesamin, thaliporphine, magnesium, prebiotic fiber, resveratrol and omega-3, as well as AQP4 gene silencing lead to reduced edema upon TBI. This review summarizes current knowledge and evidence on the relationship between AQP4 and TBI, and the potential mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Dadgostar
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shiva Rahimi
- School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Shahin Nikmanzar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Nazemi
- Tracheal Disease Research Center (TDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Naderi Taheri
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Alibolandi
- Anatomical Science Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Omid Reza Tamtaji
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Wagner K, Unger L, Salman MM, Kitchen P, Bill RM, Yool AJ. Signaling Mechanisms and Pharmacological Modulators Governing Diverse Aquaporin Functions in Human Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1388. [PMID: 35163313 PMCID: PMC8836214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of small integral membrane proteins that facilitate the bidirectional transport of water across biological membranes in response to osmotic pressure gradients as well as enable the transmembrane diffusion of small neutral solutes (such as urea, glycerol, and hydrogen peroxide) and ions. AQPs are expressed throughout the human body. Here, we review their key roles in fluid homeostasis, glandular secretions, signal transduction and sensation, barrier function, immunity and inflammation, cell migration, and angiogenesis. Evidence from a wide variety of studies now supports a view of the functions of AQPs being much more complex than simply mediating the passive flow of water across biological membranes. The discovery and development of small-molecule AQP inhibitors for research use and therapeutic development will lead to new insights into the basic biology of and novel treatments for the wide range of AQP-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Wagner
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
| | - Lucas Unger
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (L.U.); (P.K.)
| | - Mootaz M. Salman
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK;
- Oxford Parkinson’s Disease Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Philip Kitchen
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (L.U.); (P.K.)
| | - Roslyn M. Bill
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (L.U.); (P.K.)
| | - Andrea J. Yool
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
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12
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Lu Q, Xiong J, Yuan Y, Ruan Z, Zhang Y, Chai B, Li L, Cai S, Xiao J, Wu Y, Huang P, Zhang H. Minocycline improves the functional recovery after traumatic brain injury via inhibition of aquaporin-4. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:441-458. [PMID: 34975343 PMCID: PMC8692149 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.64187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the main concerns worldwide as there is still no comprehensive therapeutic intervention. Astrocytic water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) system is closely related to the brain edema, water transport at blood-brain barrier (BBB) and astrocyte function in the central nervous system (CNS). Minocycline, a broad-spectrum semisynthetic tetracycline antibiotic, has shown anti-inflammation, anti-apoptotic, vascular protection and neuroprotective effects on TBI models. Here, we tried to further explore the underlying mechanism of minocycline treatment for TBI, especially the relationship of minocycline and AQP4 during TBI treatment. In present study, we observed that minocycline efficaciously reduces the elevation of AQP4 in TBI mice. Furthermore, minocycline significantly reduced neuronal apoptosis, ameliorated brain edema and BBB disruption after TBI. In addition, the expressions of tight junction protein and astrocyte morphology alteration were optimized by minocycline administration. Similar results were found after treating with TGN-020 (an inhibitor of AQP4) in TBI mice. Moreover, these effects were reversed by cyanamide (CYA) treatment, which notably upregulated AQP4 expression level in vivo. In primary cultured astrocytes, small-interfering RNA (siRNA) AQP4 treatment prevented glutamate-induced astrocyte swelling. To sum up, our study suggests that minocycline improves the functional recovery of TBI through reducing AQP4 level to optimize BBB integrity and astrocyte function, and highlights that the AQP4 may be an important therapeutic target during minocycline treating for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Wound Repair and Regeneration Key Laboratory, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Wound Repair and Regeneration Key Laboratory, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Wound Repair and Regeneration Key Laboratory, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of pharmacy, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Zhejiang Province Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhanwei Ruan
- Department of Emergency, Ruian People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Wound Repair and Regeneration Key Laboratory, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Chai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Wound Repair and Regeneration Key Laboratory, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Wound Repair and Regeneration Key Laboratory, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shufang Cai
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Wenzhou, Wenzhou University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Wound Repair and Regeneration Key Laboratory, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Wenzhou, Wenzhou University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruian People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325200, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Wound Repair and Regeneration Key Laboratory, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Zhuji People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 311899, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
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13
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Charlestin V, Fulkerson D, Arias Matus CE, Walker ZT, Carthy K, Littlepage LE. Aquaporins: New players in breast cancer progression and treatment response. Front Oncol 2022; 12:988119. [PMID: 36212456 PMCID: PMC9532844 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.988119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of small transmembrane proteins that selectively transport water and other small molecules and ions following an osmotic gradient across cell plasma membranes. This enables them to regulate numerous functions including water homeostasis, fat metabolism, proliferation, migration, and adhesion. Previous structural and functional studies highlight a strong biological relationship between AQP protein expression, localization, and key biological functions in normal and cancer tissues, where aberrant AQP expression correlates with tumorigenesis and metastasis. In this review, we discuss the roles of AQP1, AQP3, AQP4, AQP5, and AQP7 in breast cancer progression and metastasis, including the role of AQPs in the tumor microenvironment, to highlight potential contributions of stromal-derived to epithelial-derived AQPs to breast cancer. Emerging evidence identifies AQPs as predictors of response to cancer therapy and as targets for increasing their sensitivity to treatment. However, these studies have not evaluated the requirements for protein structure on AQP function within the context of breast cancer. We also examine how AQPs contribute to a patient's response to cancer treatment, existing AQP inhibitors and how AQPs could serve as novel predictive biomarkers of therapy response in breast cancer. Future studies also should evaluate AQP redundancy and compensation as mechanisms used to overcome aberrant AQP function. This review highlights the need for additional research into how AQPs contribute molecularly to therapeutic resistance and by altering the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verodia Charlestin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Daniel Fulkerson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Carlos E Arias Matus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States.,Department of Biotechnology, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Pue, Mexico
| | - Zachary T Walker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Kevin Carthy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Laurie E Littlepage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States
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14
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Wachlmayr J, Hannesschlaeger C, Speletz A, Barta T, Eckerstorfer A, Siligan C, Horner A. Scattering versus fluorescence self-quenching: more than a question of faith for the quantification of water flux in large unilamellar vesicles? NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 4:58-76. [PMID: 35028506 PMCID: PMC8691418 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00577d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The endeavors to understand the determinants of water permeation through membrane channels, the effect of the lipid or polymer membrane on channel function, the development of specific water flow inhibitors, the design of artificial water channels and aquaporins for the use in industrial water filtration applications all rely on accurate ways to quantify water permeabilities (P f). A commonly used method is to reconstitute membrane channels into large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) and to subject these vesicles to an osmotic gradient in a stopped-flow device. Fast recordings of either scattered light intensity or fluorescence self-quenching signals are taken as a readout for vesicle volume change, which in turn can be recalculated to accurate P f values. By means of computational and experimental data, we discuss the pros and cons of using scattering versus self-quenching experiments or subjecting vesicles to hypo- or hyperosmotic conditions. In addition, we explicate for the first time the influence of the LUVs size distribution, channel distribution between vesicles and remaining detergent after protein reconstitution on P f values. We point out that results such as the single channel water permeability (p f) depend on the membrane matrix or on the direction of the applied osmotic gradient may be direct results of the measurement and analysis procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Wachlmayr
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz Gruberstr. 40 4020 Linz Austria
| | | | - Armin Speletz
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz Gruberstr. 40 4020 Linz Austria
| | - Thomas Barta
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz Gruberstr. 40 4020 Linz Austria
| | - Anna Eckerstorfer
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz Gruberstr. 40 4020 Linz Austria
| | - Christine Siligan
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz Gruberstr. 40 4020 Linz Austria
| | - Andreas Horner
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz Gruberstr. 40 4020 Linz Austria
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15
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Combined Effect of Cold Atmospheric Plasma and Curcumin in Melanoma Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:1969863. [PMID: 34825002 PMCID: PMC8610675 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1969863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin (CUR) has interesting properties to cure cancer. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is also an emerging biomedical technique that has great potential for cancer treatment. Therefore, the combined effect of CAP and CUR on inducing cytotoxicity and apoptosis of melanoma cancer cells might be promising. Here, we investigated the combined effects of CAP and CUR on cytotoxicity and apoptosis in B16-F10 melanoma cancer cells compared to L929 normal cells using MTT method, acridine orange/ethidium bromide fluorescence microscopic assay, and Annexin V/PI flow cytometry. In addition, the activation of apoptosis pathways was evaluated using BCL2, BAX, and Caspase-3 (CASP3) gene expression and ratio of BAX to BCL2 (BAX/BCL2). Finally, in silico study was performed to suggest the molecular mechanism of this combination therapy on melanoma cancer. Results showed that although combination therapy with CUR and CAP has cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on cancer cells, it did not improve apoptosis rate in melanoma B16-F10 cancer cells compared to monotherapy with CAP or CUR. In addition, evaluation of gene expression in cancer cell line confirmed that CUR and CAP concomitant treatment did not enhance the expression of apoptotic genes. In silico analysis of docked model suggested that CUR blocks aquaporin- (AQP-) 1 channel and prevents penetration of CAP-induced ROS into the cells. In conclusion, combination therapy with CAP and CUR does not improve the anticancer effect of each alone.
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16
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Abstract
Structurally, aquaporins (AQPs) are small channel proteins with monomers of ~ 30 kDa that are assembled as tetramers to form pores on cell membranes. Aquaporins mediate the conduction of water but at times also small solutes including glycerol across cell membranes and along osmotic gradients. Thirteen isoforms of AQPs have been reported in mammalian cells, and several of these are likely expressed in platelets. Osmotic swelling mediated by AQP1 sustains the calcium entry required for platelet phosphatidylserine exposure and microvesiculation, through calcium permeable stretch-activated or mechanosensitive cation channels. Notably, deletion of AQP1 diminishes platelet procoagulant membrane dynamics in vitro and arterial thrombosis in vivo, independent of platelet granule secretion and without affecting hemostasis. Water entry into platelets promotes procoagulant activity, and AQPs may also be critical for the initiation and progression of venous thrombosis. Platelet AQPs may therefore represent valuable targets for future development of a new class of antithrombotics, namely, anti-procoagulant antithrombotics, that are mechanistically distinct from current antithrombotics. However, the structure of AQPs does not make for easy targeting of these channels, hence they remain elusive drug targets. Nevertheless, thrombosis data in animal models provide compelling reasons to continue the pursuit of AQP-targeted antithrombotics. In this review, we discuss the role of aquaporins in platelet secretion, aggregation and procoagulation, the challenge of drugging AQPs, and the prospects of targeting AQPs for arterial and venous antithrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ejaife O Agbani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alastair W Poole
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, England, UK
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17
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Abstract
Optic nerve health is essential for proper function of the visual system. However, the pathophysiology of certain neurodegenerative disease processes affecting the optic nerve, such as glaucoma, is not fully understood. Recently, it was hypothesized that a lack of proper clearance of neurotoxins contributes to neurodegenerative diseases. The ability to clear metabolic waste is essential for tissue homeostasis in mammals, including humans. While the brain lacks the traditional lymphatic drainage system identified in other anatomical regions, there is growing evidence of a glymphatic system in the central nervous system, which structurally includes the optic nerve. Named to acknowledge the supportive role of astroglial cells, this perivascular fluid drainage system is essential to remove toxic metabolites from the central nervous system. Herein, we review existing literature describing the physiology and dysfunction of the glymphatic system specifically as it relates to the optic nerve. We summarize key imaging studies demonstrating the existence of a glymphatic system in the optic nerves of wild-type rodents, aquaporin 4-null rodents, and humans; glymphatic imaging studies in diseases where the optic nerve is impaired; and current evidence regarding pharmacological and lifestyle interventions that may help promote glymphatic function to improve optic nerve health. We conclude by highlighting future research directions that could be applied to improve imaging detection and guide therapeutic interventions for diseases affecting the optic nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Kasi
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Crystal Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Muneeb A Faiq
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin C Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology; Department of Radiology; Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health; Center for Neural Science, College of Arts and Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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18
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Hao JQ, He XY, Yang X, Xiao YC, Duan SQ, Wang H, Bai H, Zhang Y, Shi JY, Zhu XL, Wang ZZ, Hao CY, Duan HB. Acetazolamide Alleviate Cerebral Edema Induced by Ischemic Stroke Through Inhibiting the Expression of AQP4 mRNA. Neurocrit Care 2021; 36:97-105. [PMID: 34302276 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-021-01261-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We want to investigate the effect of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) on cerebral edema induced by ischemic stroke in rats and explore whether inhibiting the expression of AQP4 through acetazolamide (AZA) could attenuate brain edema and protect cerebral function. METHODS The Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham + saline group, sham + AZA group, AZA intervention group, and nonintervention group. Each group was divided into five subgroups according to the time of cerebral ischemia (6 h, 1 day, 3 days, 5 days, and 7 days). The model of cerebral infarction in rats was adopted by means of the bilateral carotid arteries ligation (2-VO) method. The rats in intervention group were given intraperitoneal injection of AZA (35 mg/kg/day). Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed for pathological analysis of the infarcted area. The brain water content was calculated to evaluate the degree of brain edema. The messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expressions of AQP4 in the brain were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS Significant cerebral pathological damages were found in ischemic stroke rats. The brain water content, protein, and mRNA expression of AQP4 of the intervention and nonintervention groups were markedly higher than those of the sham groups. By contrast, AZA administration reduced the brain water content, whereas improved cerebral dysfunction was induced by ischemic stroke. Moreover, AZA obviously reduced the protein and mRNA expression of AQP4 after ischemic stroke in rats' brains. CONCLUSIONS The expression of AQP4 was closely related to cerebral edema induced by ischemic stroke. Decreasing the expression of AQP4 mRNA by AZA administration can effectively relieve cerebral edema and decrease cerebral pathological damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Hao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, 86 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Yue He
- The School of Nursing of Shanxi Medical University, 86 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, 86 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Chao Xiao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, 86 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Qiang Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, 12 Changqing Road, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 85 Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Bai
- The First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, 86 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, 86 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Ying Shi
- The First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, 86 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Lin Zhu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, 86 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang-Zhuang Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, 86 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yan Hao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 85 Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hu-Bin Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 85 Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Lvliang People's Hospital, 277 Binhebei Middle Road, Lvliang, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Wang L, Huo D, Zhu H, Xu Q, Gao C, Chen W, Zhang Y. Deciphering the structure, function, expression and regulation of aquaporin-5 in cancer evolution. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:309. [PMID: 33732385 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the morbidity rate resulting from numerous types of malignant tumor has increased annually, and the treatment of tumors has been attracting an increasing amount of attention. A number of recent studies have revealed that the water channel protein aquaporin-5 (AQP5) has become a major player in multiple types of cancer. AQP5 is abnormally expressed in a variety of tumor tissues or cells and has multiple effects on certain biological functions of tumors, such as regulating the proliferation, apoptosis and migration of tumor cells. It has been suggested that AQP5 may play an important role in the process of tumor development, opening up a new field of tumor research. The present review highlighted the structure of AQP5 and its role in tumor progression. Furthermore, the expression of AQP5 in different malignant neoplasms was summarized. In addition, the influence of not only drugs, but also different compounds on AQP5 were summarized. In conclusion, according to the findings in the present review, AQP5 has potential as a novel therapeutic target in human cancer, and other AQPs should be similarly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- Department of Oncology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Da Huo
- Department of Oncology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Oncology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Chengpeng Gao
- Department of Respiratory, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Wenfeng Chen
- Department of Science and Education, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Yixiang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
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20
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Huang S, Jiang H, Hu H, Lv D. Targeting AQP4 localization as a novel therapeutic target in CNS edema. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:269-272. [PMID: 33301561 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shifang Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yongzhou Vocational Technical College, Yongzhou 425000, China
| | - Honglu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yongzhou Radio and TV University, Yongzhou 425000, China
| | - Haoliang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yongzhou Vocational Technical College, Yongzhou 425000, China
| | - Deguan Lv
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
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21
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Brassica Bioactives Could Ameliorate the Chronic Inflammatory Condition of Endometriosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249397. [PMID: 33321760 PMCID: PMC7763502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic, inflammatory, hormone-dependent disease characterized by histological lesions produced by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. Despite the fact that an estimated 176 million women are affected worldwide by this gynecological disorder, risk factors that cause endometriosis have not been properly defined and current treatments are not efficient. Although the interaction between diet and human health has been the focus of many studies, little information about the correlation of foods and their bioactive derivates with endometriosis is available. In this framework, Brassica crops have emerged as potential candidates for ameliorating the chronic inflammatory condition of endometriosis, due to their abundant content of health-promoting compounds such as glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products, isothiocyanates. Several inflammation-related signaling pathways have been included among the known targets of isothiocyanates, but those involving aquaporin water channels have an important role in endometriosis. Therefore, the aim of this review is to highlight the promising effects of the phytochemicals present in Brassica spp. as major candidates for inclusion in a dietary approach aiming to improve the inflammatory condition of women affected with endometriosis. This review points out the potential roles of glucosinolates and isothiocyanates from Brassicas as anti-inflammatory compounds, which might contribute to a reduction in endometriosis symptoms. In view of these promising results, further investigation of the effect of glucosinolates on chronic inflammatory diseases, either as diet coadjuvants or as therapeutic molecules, should be performed. In addition, we highlight the involvement of aquaporins in the maintenance of immune homeostasis. In brief, glucosinolates and the modulation of cellular water by aquaporins could shed light on new approaches to improve the quality of life for women with endometriosis.
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22
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Drug development in targeting ion channels for brain edema. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:1272-1288. [PMID: 32855530 PMCID: PMC7609292 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00503-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral edema is a pathological hallmark of various central nervous system (CNS) insults, including traumatic brain injury (TBI) and excitotoxic injury such as stroke. Due to the rigidity of the skull, edema-induced increase of intracranial fluid significantly complicates severe CNS injuries by raising intracranial pressure and compromising perfusion. Mortality due to cerebral edema is high. With mortality rates up to 80% in severe cases of stroke, it is the leading cause of death within the first week. Similarly, cerebral edema is devastating for patients of TBI, accounting for up to 50% mortality. Currently, the available treatments for cerebral edema include hypothermia, osmotherapy, and surgery. However, these treatments only address the symptoms and often elicit adverse side effects, potentially in part due to non-specificity. There is an urgent need to identify effective pharmacological treatments for cerebral edema. Currently, ion channels represent the third-largest target class for drug development, but their roles in cerebral edema remain ill-defined. The present review aims to provide an overview of the proposed roles of ion channels and transporters (including aquaporins, SUR1-TRPM4, chloride channels, glucose transporters, and proton-sensitive channels) in mediating cerebral edema in acute ischemic stroke and TBI. We also focus on the pharmacological inhibitors for each target and potential therapeutic strategies that may be further pursued for the treatment of cerebral edema.
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Toft-Bertelsen TL, Larsen BR, Christensen SK, Khandelia H, Waagepetersen HS, MacAulay N. Clearance of activity-evoked K + transients and associated glia cell swelling occur independently of AQP4: A study with an isoform-selective AQP4 inhibitor. Glia 2020; 69:28-41. [PMID: 32506554 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian brain consists of 80% water, which is continuously shifted between different compartments and cellular structures by mechanisms that are, to a large extent, unresolved. Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is abundantly expressed in glia and ependymal cells of the mammalian brain and has been proposed to act as a gatekeeper for brain water dynamics, predominantly based on studies utilizing AQP4-deficient mice. However, these mice have a range of secondary effects due to the gene deletion. An efficient and selective AQP4 inhibitor has thus been sorely needed to validate the results obtained in the AQP4-/- mice to quantify the contribution of AQP4 to brain fluid dynamics. In AQP4-expressing Xenopus laevis oocytes monitored by a high-resolution volume recording system, we here demonstrate that the compound TGN-020 is such a selective AQP4 inhibitor. TGN-020 targets the tested species of AQP4 with an IC50 of ~3.5 μM, but displays no inhibitory effect on the other AQPs (AQP1-AQP9). With this tool, we employed rat hippocampal slices and ion-sensitive microelectrodes to determine the role of AQP4 in glia cell swelling following neuronal activity. TGN-020-mediated inhibition of AQP4 did not prevent stimulus-induced extracellular space shrinkage, nor did it slow clearance of the activity-evoked K+ transient. These data, obtained with a verified isoform-selective AQP4 inhibitor, indicate that AQP4 is not required for the astrocytic contribution to the K+ clearance or the associated extracellular space shrinkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Lisberg Toft-Bertelsen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brian Roland Larsen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofie Kjellerup Christensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Himanshu Khandelia
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Helle S Waagepetersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nanna MacAulay
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Vandebroek A, Yasui M. Regulation of AQP4 in the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1603. [PMID: 32111087 PMCID: PMC7084855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is the main water channel protein expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). AQP4 is densely expressed in astrocyte end-feet, and is an important factor in CNS water and potassium homeostasis. Changes in AQP4 activity and expression have been implicated in several CNS disorders, including (but not limited to) epilepsy, edema, stroke, and glioblastoma. For this reason, many studies have been done to understand the various ways in which AQP4 is regulated endogenously, and could be regulated pharmaceutically. In particular, four regulatory methods have been thoroughly studied; regulation of gene expression via microRNAs, regulation of AQP4 channel gating/trafficking via phosphorylation, regulation of water permeability using heavy metal ions, and regulation of water permeability using small molecule inhibitors. A major challenge when studying AQP4 regulation is inter-method variability. A compound or phosphorylation which shows an inhibitory effect in vitro may show no effect in a different in vitro method, or even show an increase in AQP4 expression in vivo. Although a large amount of variability exists between in vitro methods, some microRNAs, heavy metal ions, and two small molecule inhibitors, acetazolamide and TGN-020, have shown promise in the field of AQP4 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno Vandebroek
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
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Delgado-Bermúdez A, Noto F, Bonilla-Correal S, Garcia-Bonavila E, Catalán J, Papas M, Bonet S, Miró J, Yeste M. Cryotolerance of Stallion Spermatozoa Relies on Aquaglyceroporins rather than Orthodox Aquaporins. BIOLOGY 2019; 8:biology8040085. [PMID: 31726707 PMCID: PMC6955868 DOI: 10.3390/biology8040085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs), a family of ubiquitous water channels divided into orthodox AQPs, aquaglyceroporins (GLPs), and superAQPs, are present in stallion spermatozoa. The aim of this study was to elucidate the functional relevance of each group of AQPs during stallion sperm cryopreservation through the use of three different inhibitors: acetazolamide (AC), phloretin (PHL) and propanediol (PDO). Sperm quality and function parameters were evaluated in the presence or absence of each inhibitor in fresh and frozen–thawed samples. In the presence of AC, different parameters were altered (p < 0.05), but not in a concentration- or time-depending manner. PHL was found to decrease sperm motility, viability, acrosome integrity, and the percentages of spermatozoa with low membrane lipid disorder, high mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and high intracellular levels of calcium and superoxides (p < 0.05). Finally, the sperm motility, viability, acrosome integrity, the percentages of spermatozoa with low membrane lipid disorder, high MMP and high intracellular calcium levels were higher (p < 0.05) in PDO treatments than in the control. The sperm response to AC, PHL and PDO indicates that GLPs, rather than orthodox AQPs, play a crucial role during stallion sperm cryopreservation. Furthermore, post-thaw sperm quality was higher in PDO treatments than in the control, suggesting that this molecule is a potential permeable cryoprotectant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Delgado-Bermúdez
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (A.D.-B.); (F.N.); (E.G.-B.); (S.B.)
| | - Federico Noto
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (A.D.-B.); (F.N.); (E.G.-B.); (S.B.)
| | - Sebastián Bonilla-Correal
- Equine Reproduction Service, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; (S.B.-C.); (J.C.); (M.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Estela Garcia-Bonavila
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (A.D.-B.); (F.N.); (E.G.-B.); (S.B.)
| | - Jaime Catalán
- Equine Reproduction Service, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; (S.B.-C.); (J.C.); (M.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Marion Papas
- Equine Reproduction Service, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; (S.B.-C.); (J.C.); (M.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Sergi Bonet
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (A.D.-B.); (F.N.); (E.G.-B.); (S.B.)
| | - Jordi Miró
- Equine Reproduction Service, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; (S.B.-C.); (J.C.); (M.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Marc Yeste
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (A.D.-B.); (F.N.); (E.G.-B.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Delgado-Bermúdez A, Llavanera M, Fernández-Bastit L, Recuero S, Mateo-Otero Y, Bonet S, Barranco I, Fernández-Fuertes B, Yeste M. Aquaglyceroporins but not orthodox aquaporins are involved in the cryotolerance of pig spermatozoa. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2019; 10:77. [PMID: 31636902 PMCID: PMC6791021 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of transmembrane water channels that includes orthodox AQPs, aquaglyceroporins (GLPs) and superAQPs. AQP3, AQP7, AQP9 and AQP11 have been identified in boar sperm, and they are crucial for sperm maturation and osmoregulation. Water exchange is an important event in cryopreservation, which is the most efficient method for long-term storage of sperm. However, the freeze-thaw process leads to sperm damage and a loss of fertilizing potential. Assuming that the quality of frozen-thawed sperm partially depends on the regulation of osmolality variations during this process, AQPs might play a crucial role in boar semen freezability. In this context, the aim of this study was to unravel the functional relevance of the different groups of AQPs for boar sperm cryotolerance through three different inhibitors. Results Inhibition of different groups of AQPs was found to have different effects on boar sperm cryotolerance. Whereas the use of 1,3-propanediol (PDO), an inhibitor of orthodox AQPs and GLPs, decreased total motility (P < 0.05), it increased post-thaw sperm viability, lowered membrane lipid disorder and increased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) (P < 0.05). When acetazolamide (AC) was used as an inhibitor of orthodox AQPs, the effects on post-thaw sperm quality were restricted to a mild increase in MMP in the presence of the intermediate concentration at 30 min post-thaw and an increase in superoxide levels (P < 0.05). Finally, the addition of phloretin (PHL), a GLP inhibitor, had detrimental effects on post-thaw total and progressive sperm motilities, viability and lipid membrane disorder (P < 0.05). Conclusions The effects of the different inhibitors suggest that GLPs rather than orthodox AQPs are relevant for boar sperm freezability. Moreover, the positive effect of PDO on sperm quality suggests a cryoprotective role for this molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Delgado-Bermúdez
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Campany, 69, Campus Montilivi, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Marc Llavanera
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Campany, 69, Campus Montilivi, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Leira Fernández-Bastit
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Campany, 69, Campus Montilivi, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Sandra Recuero
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Campany, 69, Campus Montilivi, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Yentel Mateo-Otero
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Campany, 69, Campus Montilivi, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Sergi Bonet
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Campany, 69, Campus Montilivi, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Isabel Barranco
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Campany, 69, Campus Montilivi, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Fernández-Fuertes
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Campany, 69, Campus Montilivi, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Marc Yeste
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Campany, 69, Campus Montilivi, E-17003 Girona, Spain
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Glober NK, Sprague S, Ahmad S, Mayfield KG, Fletcher LM, Digicaylioglu MH, Sayre NL. Acetazolamide Treatment Prevents Redistribution of Astrocyte Aquaporin 4 after Murine Traumatic Brain Injury. NEUROSCIENCE JOURNAL 2019; 2019:2831501. [PMID: 31187032 PMCID: PMC6521570 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2831501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
After traumatic brain injury (TBI), multiple ongoing processes contribute to worsening and spreading of the primary injury to create a secondary injury. One major process involves disrupted fluid regulation to create vascular and cytotoxic edema in the affected area. Although understanding of factors that influence edema is incomplete, the astrocyte water channel Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) has been identified as an important mediator and therefore attractive drug target for edema prevention. The FDA-approved drug acetazolamide has been administered safely to patients for years in the United States. To test whether acetazolamide altered AQP4 function after TBI, we utilized in vitro and in vivo models of TBI. Our results suggest that AQP4 localization is altered after TBI, similar to previously published reports. Treatment with acetazolamide prevented AQP4 reorganization, both in human astrocyte in vitro and in mice in vivo. Moreover, acetazolamide eliminated cytotoxic edema in our in vivo mouse TBI model. Our results suggest a possible clinical role for acetazolamide in the treatment of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy K. Glober
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Shane Sprague
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Sadiya Ahmad
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Katherine G. Mayfield
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Lauren M. Fletcher
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Murat H. Digicaylioglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Naomi L. Sayre
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- South Texas Veteran's Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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28
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Abir-Awan M, Kitchen P, Salman MM, Conner MT, Conner AC, Bill RM. Inhibitors of Mammalian Aquaporin Water Channels. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071589. [PMID: 30934923 PMCID: PMC6480248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are water channel proteins that are essential to life, being expressed in all kingdoms. In humans, there are 13 AQPs, at least one of which is found in every organ system. The structural biology of the AQP family is well-established and many functions for AQPs have been reported in health and disease. AQP expression is linked to numerous pathologies including tumor metastasis, fluid dysregulation, and traumatic injury. The targeted modulation of AQPs therefore presents an opportunity to develop novel treatments for diverse conditions. Various techniques such as video microscopy, light scattering and fluorescence quenching have been used to test putative AQP inhibitors in both AQP-expressing mammalian cells and heterologous expression systems. The inherent variability within these methods has caused discrepancy and many molecules that are inhibitory in one experimental system (such as tetraethylammonium, acetazolamide, and anti-epileptic drugs) have no activity in others. Some heavy metal ions (that would not be suitable for therapeutic use) and the compound, TGN-020, have been shown to inhibit some AQPs. Clinical trials for neuromyelitis optica treatments using anti-AQP4 IgG are in progress. However, these antibodies have no effect on water transport. More research to standardize high-throughput assays is required to identify AQP modulators for which there is an urgent and unmet clinical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abir-Awan
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
| | - Philip Kitchen
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
| | - Mootaz M Salman
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Matthew T Conner
- Research Institute of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.
| | - Alex C Conner
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Roslyn M Bill
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
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29
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Szczygielski J, Hubertus V, Kruchten E, Müller A, Albrecht LF, Mautes AE, Schwerdtfeger K, Oertel J. Brain Edema Formation and Functional Outcome After Surgical Decompression in Murine Closed Head Injury Are Modulated by Acetazolamide Administration. Front Neurol 2019; 10:273. [PMID: 30972006 PMCID: PMC6443632 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetazolamide (ACZ), carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, has been successfully applied in several neurosurgical conditions for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. Furthermore, neuroprotective and anti-edematous properties of ACZ have been postulated. However, its use in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is limited, since ACZ-caused vasodilatation according to the Monro-Kellie doctrine may lead to increased intracranial blood volume / raise of intracranial pressure. We hypothesized that these negative effects of ACZ will be reduced or prevented, if the drug is administered after already performed decompression. To test this hypothesis, we used a mouse model of closed head injury (CHI) and decompressive craniectomy (DC). Mice were assigned into following experimental groups: sham, DC, CHI, CHI+ACZ, CHI+DC, and CHI+DC+ACZ (n = 8 each group). 1d and 3d post injury, the neurological function was assessed according to Neurological Severity Score (NSS) and Beam Balance Score (BBS). At the same time points, brain edema was quantified by MRI investigations. Functional impairment and edema volume were compared between groups and over time. Among the animals without skull decompression, the group additionally treated with acetazolamide demonstrated the most severe functional impairment. This pattern was reversed among the mice with decompressive craniectomy: CHI+DC treated but not CHI+DC+ACZ treated animals showed a significant neurological deficit. Accordingly, radiological assessment revealed most severe edema formation in the CHI+DC group while in CHI+DC+ACZ animals, volume of brain edema did not differ from DC-only animals. In our CHI model, the response to acetazolamide treatment varies between animals with decompressive craniectomy and those without surgical treatment. Opening the cranial vault potentially creates an opportunity for acetazolamide to exert its beneficial effects while vasodilatation-related risks are attenuated. Therefore, we recommend further exploration of this potentially beneficial drug in translational research projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Szczygielski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Vanessa Hubertus
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eduard Kruchten
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany.,Institute of Interventional and Diagnostic Radiology, Karlsruhe Municipal Hospital, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andreas Müller
- Department of Radiology, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Franziska Albrecht
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Angelika E Mautes
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Karsten Schwerdtfeger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Oertel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
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Garate JA, Bernardin A, Escalona Y, Yanez C, English NJ, Perez-Acle T. Orientational and Folding Thermodynamics via Electric Dipole Moment Restraining. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:2599-2608. [PMID: 30831028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b09374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The projection of molecular processes onto a small set of relevant descriptors, the so-called reaction coordinates or collective variables (CVs), is a technique nowadays routinely employed by the biomolecular simulation community. In this work, we implemented two CVs to manipulate the orientation (i.e., angle) (μ⃗a) and magnitude (|μ⃗|) of the electric dipole moment. In doing so, we studied the thermodynamics of water orientation under the application of external voltages and the folding of two polypeptides at zero-field conditions. The projection of the free-energy [potential of mean force (PMF)] along water orientation defined an upper limit of around 0.3 V for irrelevant thermodynamic effects. On the other hand, sufficiently strong μ⃗a restraints applied on 12-alanine (Ala12) triggered structural effects because of the alignment of local dipoles; for lower restraints, a full-body rotation is achieved. The manipulation of |μ⃗| produced strong perturbations on the secondary structure of Ala12, promoting an enhanced sampling to its configurational space. Rigorous free-energy calculations in the form of 2-D PMFs for deca-alanine showed the utility of |μ⃗| as a reaction coordinate to study folding in small α helices. As a whole, we propose that the manipulation of both components of the dipole moment, μ⃗a and |μ⃗|, provides thermodynamics insights into the structural conformation and stability of biomolecules. These new CVs are implemented in the Colvars module, available for NAMD and LAMMPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Antonio Garate
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaiso , Universidad de Valparaiso , Pasaje Harrington 287 , Playa Ancha, Valparaiso 2381850 , Chile
| | - Alejandro Bernardin
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaiso , Universidad de Valparaiso , Pasaje Harrington 287 , Playa Ancha, Valparaiso 2381850 , Chile.,Computational Biology Lab , Fundacion Ciencia & Vida , Avenida Zanartu 1482, Nunoa , Santiago 7780272 , Chile
| | - Yerko Escalona
- Institute for Molecular Modeling and Simulation , Muthgasse 18 , Vienna 1190 , Austria
| | - Carlos Yanez
- Computational Biology Lab , Fundacion Ciencia & Vida , Avenida Zanartu 1482, Nunoa , Santiago 7780272 , Chile
| | - Niall J English
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering , University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin 4 , Ireland
| | - Tomas Perez-Acle
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaiso , Universidad de Valparaiso , Pasaje Harrington 287 , Playa Ancha, Valparaiso 2381850 , Chile.,Computational Biology Lab , Fundacion Ciencia & Vida , Avenida Zanartu 1482, Nunoa , Santiago 7780272 , Chile
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31
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Clément T, Rodriguez-Grande B, Badaut J. Aquaporins in brain edema. J Neurosci Res 2018; 98:9-18. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tifenn Clément
- CNRS UMR 5287, INCIA, University of Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
| | | | - Jérôme Badaut
- CNRS UMR 5287, INCIA, University of Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
- Department of Basic Science; Loma Linda University School of Medicine; Loma Linda California
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32
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Hormonal control of vas deferens fluid volume and aquaporin expression in rats. J Mol Histol 2018; 50:21-34. [PMID: 30430402 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-018-9804-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Precise regulation of vas deferens fluid volume which is important for sperm survival might be influenced by testosterone. In order to investigate changes in vas deferens fluid volume and aquoporins (AQP) isoforms expression under testosterone influence, orchidectomized Sprague-Dawley rats were given 125 and 250 µg/kg/day testosterone with or without flutamide, an androgen receptor blocker or finasteride, a 5alpha-reductase inhibitor for seven consecutive days. Following treatment completion, vas deferens was perfused and changes in the fluid secretion rate and osmolality were determined in the presence of acetazolamide. Rats were then sacrificed and vas deferens was harvested for histology, tissue expression and distribution analyses of AQP-1, AQP-2, AQP-5, AQP-7 and AQP-9 proteins by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Our findings indicate that testosterone causes vas deferens fluid secretion rate to increase, which was antagonized by acetazolamide. Fluid osmolality increased following testosterone treatment and further increased when acetazolamide was given. Co-administration of flutamide or finasteride with testosterone causing both fluid secretion rate and osmolality to decrease. Histology revealed increased size of vas deferens lumen with increased thickness of vas deferens stroma. Expression of AQP-1, AQP-2 and AQP-9 were detected in vas deferens but not AQP-5 and AQP-7, and the levels of these proteins were increased by testosterone treatment mainly at the apical membrane of vas deferens epithelium. In conclusion, increased in vas deferens fluid secretion rate under testosterone influence mediated via the up-regulation of AQP-1, 2 and 9 might be important for vas deferens fluid homeostasis in order to ensure normal male fertility.
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Trillo-Contreras JL, Ramírez-Lorca R, Hiraldo-González L, Sánchez-Gomar I, Galán-Cobo A, Suárez-Luna N, Sánchez de Rojas-de Pedro E, Toledo-Aral JJ, Villadiego J, Echevarría M. Combined effects of aquaporin-4 and hypoxia produce age-related hydrocephalus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3515-3526. [PMID: 30293570 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporin-4, present in ependymal cells, in glia limiting and abundantly in pericapillary astrocyte foot processes, and aquaporin-1, expressed in choroid plexus epithelial cells, play an important role in cerebrospinal fluid production and may be involved in the pathophysiology of age-dependent hydrocephalus. The finding that brain aquaporins expression is regulated by low oxygen tension led us to investigate how hypoxia and elevated levels of cerebral aquaporins may result in an increase in cerebrospinal fluid production that could be associated with a hydrocephalic condition. Here we have explored, in young and aged mice exposed to hypoxia, whether aquaporin-4 and aquaporin-1 participate in the development of age-related hydrocephalus. Choroid plexus, striatum, cortex and ependymal tissue were analyzed separately both for mRNA and protein levels of aquaporins. Furthermore, parameters such as total ventricular volume, intraventricular pressure, cerebrospinal fluid outflow rate, ventricular compliance and cognitive function were studied in wild type, aquaporin-1 and aquaporin-4 knock-out animals subjected to hypoxia or normoxia. Our data demonstrate that hypoxia is involved in the development of age-related hydrocephalus by a process that depends on aquaporin-4 channels as a main route for cerebrospinal fluid movement. Significant increases in aquaporin-4 expression that occur over the course of animal aging, together with a reduced cerebrospinal fluid outflow rate and ventricular compliance, contribute to produce more severe hydrocephalus related to hypoxic events in aged mice, with a notable impairment in cognitive function. These results indicate that physiological events and/or pathological conditions presenting with cerebral hypoxia/ischemia contribute to the development of chronic adult hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Trillo-Contreras
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital. (HUVR)/Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)/University of Seville, Seville 41013, Spain; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Seville, Seville 41009, Spain
| | - Reposo Ramírez-Lorca
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital. (HUVR)/Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)/University of Seville, Seville 41013, Spain; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Seville, Seville 41009, Spain
| | - Laura Hiraldo-González
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital. (HUVR)/Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)/University of Seville, Seville 41013, Spain; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Seville, Seville 41009, Spain
| | - Ismael Sánchez-Gomar
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital. (HUVR)/Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)/University of Seville, Seville 41013, Spain
| | - Ana Galán-Cobo
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital. (HUVR)/Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)/University of Seville, Seville 41013, Spain
| | - Nela Suárez-Luna
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital. (HUVR)/Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)/University of Seville, Seville 41013, Spain; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Seville, Seville 41009, Spain
| | - Eva Sánchez de Rojas-de Pedro
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital. (HUVR)/Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)/University of Seville, Seville 41013, Spain
| | - Juan José Toledo-Aral
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital. (HUVR)/Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)/University of Seville, Seville 41013, Spain; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Seville, Seville 41009, Spain; Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Javier Villadiego
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital. (HUVR)/Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)/University of Seville, Seville 41013, Spain; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Seville, Seville 41009, Spain; Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain.
| | - Miriam Echevarría
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital. (HUVR)/Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)/University of Seville, Seville 41013, Spain; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Seville, Seville 41009, Spain.
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Chiu CD, Chiu YP, Lin CL, Ji HR, Shen CC, Lee HT, Chang C. Acetazolamide alleviates sequelae of hyperglycaemic intracerebral haemorrhage by suppressing astrocytic reactive oxygen species. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:1010-1019. [PMID: 30079794 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1508838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycaemia is associated with the poor outcome after intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). Acetazolamide (AZA), a kind of carbonic anhydrogenase (CA) inhibitor, its effectiveness in ICH had been reported. However, the connections between AZA and ICH, especially in hyperglycaemia condition had never been defined. In this study, adult Sprague-Dawley rats were administered with vehicle or streptozotocin (STZ) to render them into normoglycaemic (NG) or hyperglycaemic (HG), respectively. Collagenase was then injected into the striatum. The NG or HG ICH rats treated with vehicle control or 5 mg/kg AZA (oral gavage) underwent haemorrhagic area assessments on the 1st, 4th, and 7th day after ICH. The coverage of pericytes was examined by immunohistochemistry. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assessed in mouse astrocyte cell line treated with vehicle or 20 μmol/L of AZA in culture media according to two different glucose concentrations. AZA reduced the haematoma size, improved neurobehavioral functions, suppressed astrocytic ROS production in vitro, and preserved cerebral pericytes coverage, which are even more remarkable in HG conditions. The present study indicates that AZA may alleviate some sequelae after ICH, especially in poorer prognostic HG rats through the suppression of astrocytic ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Di Chiu
- a School of Medicine , China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan.,b Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science , China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan.,c Department of Neurosurgery , China Medical University Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan.,d Stroke Center , China Medical University Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - You-Pen Chiu
- a School of Medicine , China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan.,d Stroke Center , China Medical University Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- a School of Medicine , China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ru Ji
- b Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science , China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan.,d Stroke Center , China Medical University Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Chyi Shen
- e Department of Minimally Invasive Skull Base Neurosurgery , Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Tung Lee
- f Department of Neurosurgical Oncology , Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Chen Chang
- g Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academic Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan
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De Ieso ML, Yool AJ. Mechanisms of Aquaporin-Facilitated Cancer Invasion and Metastasis. Front Chem 2018; 6:135. [PMID: 29922644 PMCID: PMC5996923 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, and its incidence is rising with numbers expected to increase 70% in the next two decades. The fact that current mainline treatments for cancer patients are accompanied by debilitating side effects prompts a growing demand for new therapies that not only inhibit growth and proliferation of cancer cells, but also control invasion and metastasis. One class of targets gaining international attention is the aquaporins, a family of membrane-spanning water channels with diverse physiological functions and extensive tissue-specific distributions in humans. Aquaporins−1,−2,−3,−4,−5,−8, and−9 have been linked to roles in cancer invasion, and metastasis, but their mechanisms of action remain to be fully defined. Aquaporins are implicated in the metastatic cascade in processes of angiogenesis, cellular dissociation, migration, and invasion. Cancer invasion and metastasis are proposed to be potentiated by aquaporins in boosting tumor angiogenesis, enhancing cell volume regulation, regulating cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions, interacting with actin cytoskeleton, regulating proteases and extracellular-matrix degrading molecules, contributing to the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transitions, and interacting with signaling pathways enabling motility and invasion. Pharmacological modulators of aquaporin channels are being identified and tested for therapeutic potential, including compounds derived from loop diuretics, metal-containing organic compounds, plant natural products, and other small molecules. Further studies on aquaporin-dependent functions in cancer metastasis are needed to define the differential contributions of different classes of aquaporin channels to regulation of fluid balance, cell volume, small solute transport, signal transduction, their possible relevance as rate limiting steps, and potential values as therapeutic targets for invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L De Ieso
- Department of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrea J Yool
- Department of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Zhang C, Lin J, Wei F, Song J, Chen W, Shan L, Xue R, Wang G, Tao J, Zhang G, Xu GY, Wang L. Characterizing the glymphatic influx by utilizing intracisternal infusion of fluorescently conjugated cadaverine. Life Sci 2018; 201:150-160. [PMID: 29605446 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Accumulating evidence supports that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the subarachnoid space (SAS) could reenter the brain parenchyma via the glymphatic influx. The present study was designed to characterize the detailed pathway of subarachnoid CSF influx by using a novel CSF tracer. MAIN METHODS Fluorescently conjugated cadaverine (A488-ca), for the first time, was employed to investigate CSF movement in the brain. Following intracisternal infusion of CSF tracers, mice brain was sliced and prepared for fluorescence imaging. Some brain sections were immunostained in order to observe tracer distribution and cellular uptake. KEY FINDINGS A488-ca moved into the brain parenchyma rapidly, and the influx was time and region dependent. A488-ca entered the mice brain more readily and spread more widely than another commonly used CSF tracer-fluorescently conjugated ovalbumin (OA-45). Furthermore, A488-ca could enter the brain parenchyma either along the paravascular space or across the pial surface. Suppression of glymphatic transport by administration with acetazolamide strikingly reduced the influx of A488-ca. More importantly, relative to OA-45 largely remained in the extracellular space, A488-ca exhibited obvious cellular uptake by astrocytes surrounding the blood vessels and neurons in the cerebral cortex. SIGNIFICANCE Subarachnoid CSF could flow into the brain parenchyma via the glymphatic influx, in which the transcellular pathway was faithfully traced by intracisternal infusion with fluorescently conjugated cadaverine. These observations extend our comprehension on the glymphatic influx pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shi-Zi Street, Suzhou 215006, PR China
| | - Fang Wei
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Wenyue Chen
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Lidong Shan
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Rong Xue
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Jin Tao
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Guoxing Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Guang-Yin Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
| | - Linhui Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
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Lan YL, Wang X, Lou JC, Ma XC, Zhang B. The potential roles of aquaporin 4 in malignant gliomas. Oncotarget 2018; 8:32345-32355. [PMID: 28423683 PMCID: PMC5458289 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is the major water channel expressed in the central nervous system and is primarily expressed in astrocytes. Recently, accumulated evidence has pointed to AQP4 as a key molecule that could play a critical role in glioma development. Discoveries of the role of AQP4 in cell migration suggest that AQP4 could be a significant factor regarding glioma malignancies. However, the AQP4 expression levels in glioma have not been fully elucidated; furthermore, the correlation of AQP4 expression with glioma malignancy remains controversial. Here, we review the expression pattern and predictive significance of AQP4 in malignant glioma. The molecular mechanism of AQP4 as it pertains to the migration and invasion of human glioma cells has been summarized. In addition, the important roles of AQP4 in combating drug resistance as well as potential pharmacological blockers of AQP4 have been systematically discussed. More research should be conducted to elucidate the potential roles of AQP4 in malignant glioma for identifying the tumor type, progression stages and optimal treatment strategies. The observed experimental results strongly emphasize the importance of this topic for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Non-Directly Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Non-Directly Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Lou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao-Chi Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Duan L, Di Q. Acetazolamide Suppresses Multi-Drug Resistance-Related Protein 1 and P-Glycoprotein Expression by Inhibiting Aquaporins Expression in a Mesial Temporal Epilepsy Rat Model. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:5818-5825. [PMID: 29217817 PMCID: PMC5731216 DOI: 10.12659/msm.903855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesial temporal epilepsy (MTLE) is the most common type of focal epilepsy in adults, and is often drug-resistant. This study investigated the effects of aquaporins (AQP) inhibitor on multi-drug-resistant protein expression in an MTLE rat model. Material/Methods The MTLE rat model was established by injecting pilocarpine into rats. The MTLE rats were divided into an MTLE-6 h group, an MTLE-12 h group, and an MTLE-24 h group, together with a normal saline group (NS), to examine the AQP4 expression by using Western blot assay and immunohistochemistry assay. The other 18 MTLE model rats were used to observe the effects of the AQP4 inhibitor, acetazolamide, on the multi-drug-resistant protein 1 (MRP1) and P-glycoprotein (Pgp) by using Western blot and immunohistochemistry assays, respectively. Results AQP4 expression was enhanced in hippocampal tissues of MTLE model rats compared to NS rats (P<0.05). More positively stained AQP4 was discovered in hippocampal tissues of MTLE model rats. AQP4 inhibitor significantly decreased multi-drug-resistant protein MRP1 and Pgp expression in the AQP4 inhibitor Interfere group and the AQP4 inhibitor Therapy group compared to the TMLE model group (P<0.05). Conclusions The present findings confirm that the AQP4 inhibitor, acetazolamide, effectively inhibits the multi-drug-resistant protein, MRP1, and Pgp, in the MTLE rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Duan
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Qing Di
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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Gandham EJ, Vasudevan P, Moorthy RK, Narasimhan K, Murthy M, Rebekah G, Rajshekhar V. Cortical Aquaporin-4 in relation to brain oedema and neurological function of cortical cryo-injured mice. J Clin Neurosci 2017. [PMID: 28645746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
To estimate the spatial and temporal expression of Aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) in a murine model of automated cerebral cryoinjury and correlate AQP-4 expression with development of brain oedema and neurological function. AQP-4 levels were determined quantitatively by Western blots at site of injury and at sites adjacent to and distant from injury in brains of cryoinjured (experimental) (n=18), sham injured (n=18) & normal mice at 24, 48, 72h post injury. AQP-4 expression was correlated with percentage water content of brain, Neurological Severity Score (NSS) and rotarod scores. We found a 1.4-fold increase in expression of AQP-4 at the site of injury and at sites distant from injury at 24h when compared to normal mice (p=0.05). The increase in expression of AQP-4 24h post injury was significantly higher in experimental group at the site of injury and at the site adjacent to the injury in the ipsilateral hemisphere when compared to the sham injured mice (p=0.05). At 24h post injury the median NSS score in the experimental group was 9 (interquartile range 7.25-10) and that in the sham group was 0.5 (interquartile range 0.0-1.0) (p<0.001). At 48 and 72h, AQP-4 expression remained elevated in the experimental group when compared to normal brain, but the levels were not significantly different from that in sham group. AQP-4 expression was significantly elevated in the ipsilateral hemisphere in the first 24h following cerebral cortical injury in mice and this could be correlated with worsening of neurological function. Over the next 48h, there was a trend towards decrease in AQP-4 expression that was associated with partial recovery of neurological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmond Jonathan Gandham
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Prabhakaran Vasudevan
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ranjith K Moorthy
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Kesavan Narasimhan
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muthukumar Murthy
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Grace Rebekah
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vedantam Rajshekhar
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Patil R, Wang H, Sharif NA, Mitra A. Aquaporins: Novel Targets for Age-Related Ocular Disorders. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2017. [PMID: 28632458 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2017.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs), a large family of membrane protein channels that facilitate transport of water and other small solutes, play important roles in physiological functions and human diseases. Up till now, 13 types of AQPs, numbered 0 through 12, have been identified in various mammalian tissues. Homologous genes for AQPs in amphibians, insects, and bacteria highlight the evolutionary conservation and, thus, the importance of these membrane channels. Many members of the AQP family are expressed in the eye. AQP1, which is a water-selective channel, is expressed in the anterior chamber (cornea, ciliary body, trabecular meshwork) and posterior chamber (retina and microvessels in choroid), controlling the fluid homeostasis in the eye. Mice knockout studies have indicated that AQP1 plays an important function in the eye by suggesting its role in aqueous humor dynamics and retina angiogenesis. This review will focus on the role of AQP1 as a novel target for ocular disorders such as glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration, and it will discuss challenges and advances in identifying modulators of AQP1 function that could be useful in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Patil
- 1 Singapore Eye Research Institute , Singapore, Singapore
- 2 Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Haishan Wang
- 3 Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology , A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Alok Mitra
- 5 School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland , Auckland, New Zealand
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Wambo TO, Rodriguez RA, Chen LY. Computing osmotic permeabilities of aquaporins AQP4, AQP5, and GlpF from near-equilibrium simulations. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1310-1316. [PMID: 28455098 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Measuring or computing the single-channel permeability of aquaporins/aquaglyceroporins (AQPs) has long been a challenge. The measured values scatter over an order of magnitude but the corresponding Arrhenius activation energies converge in the current literature. Osmotic flux through an AQP was simulated as water current forced through the channel by kilobar hydraulic pressure or theoretically approximated as single-file diffusion. In this paper, we report large scale simulations of osmotic current under sub M gradient through three AQPs (water channels AQP4 and AQP5 and glycerol-water channel GlpF) using the mature particle mesh Ewald technique (PME) for which the established force fields have been optimized with known accuracy. These simulations were implemented with hybrid periodic boundary conditions devised to avoid the artifactitious mixing across the membrane in a regular PME simulation. The computed single-channel permeabilities at 5°C and 25°C are in agreement with recently refined experiments on GlpF. The Arrhenius activation energies extracted from our simulations for all the three AQPs agree with the in vitro measurements. The single-file diffusion approximations from our large-scale simulations are consistent with the current literature on smaller systems. From these unambiguous agreements among the in vitro and in silico studies, we observe the quantitative accuracy of the all-atom force fields of the current literature for water-channel biology. We also observe that AQP4, that is particularly rich in the central nervous system, is more efficient in water conduction and more temperature-sensitive than other water-only channels (excluding glycerol channels that also conduct water when not inhibited by glycerol).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry O Wambo
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Roberto A Rodriguez
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Liao Y Chen
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
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Cai L, Lei C, Li R, Chen WN, Hu CM, Chen XY, Li CM. Overexpression of aquaporin 4 in articular chondrocytes exacerbates the severity of adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats: an in vivo and in vitro study. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2017; 14:6. [PMID: 28265203 PMCID: PMC5333381 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-017-0153-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background The dysfunction of articular chondrocytes is a crucial step in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis while its molecular mechanisms are not fully known. This study was aimed to investigate the expression of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) in articular chondrocytes of adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rats and its involvement in AIA development. Methods Thirty rats were divided into normal and AIA group (n = 15). Rat AIA was induced by intradermal injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant and evaluated by secondary paw swelling and histological assessments on knee joint damage. Localization and protein expression of AQP4 in articular cartilage were examined by immunohistochemistry and western blot. In vitro study, AIA articular chondrocytes were cultured and treated with acetazolamide, an AQPs inhibitor. AQP4 protein level, cell proliferation and mRNA levels of type-II collagen (COII) and aggrecan were measured by western blot, MTT assay and real-time PCR, respectively. Results The results of immunohistochemistry and western blot indicated that AQP4 showed higher protein levels in cartilage tissues of AIA rats than that of normal rats. Correlation analysis revealed that AQP4 protein level in cartilage tissues of AIA rats remarkably correlated positively with secondary paw swelling on day 26 after AIA induction as well as pathological scores on joint damage. Additionally, acetazolamide treatment effectively decreased AQP4 protein level, increased cell proliferation and mRNA levels of COII and aggrecan, suggesting AQP4 inhibition by acetazolamide could normalize the dysfunction of AIA articular chondrocytes in vitro. Conclusions Our data provide certain experimental evidence that AQP4 over-expression in articular chondrocytes aggravated AIA severity and might be a novel target for RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cai
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui Province China
| | - Chao Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui Province China
| | - Rong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui Province China
| | - Wei-Na Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui Province China
| | - Cheng-Mu Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui Province China
| | - Xiao-Yu Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui Province China
| | - Chun-Mei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui Province China
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Momayyezi M, Guy RD. Substantial role for carbonic anhydrase in latitudinal variation in mesophyll conductance of Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:138-149. [PMID: 27761902 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In Populus trichocarpa (black cottonwood), net photosynthesis (An ) varies with latitude and, in northern genotypes, is supported by higher stomatal conductance (gs ). We report here a parallel cline in mesophyll conductance (gm ) and link this variation to carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity. Using concurrent carbon isotope discrimination and chlorophyll fluorescence methods, we examined the effects of acetazolamide, an inhibitor of CA, on gm in six representative genotypes (three from either end of the north-south cline). Acetazolamide reduced CA activity, gm , gs , chloroplast CO2 concentration (Cc ) and An at normal CO2 (400 μmol mol-1 ), the latter being reversible at saturating CO2 . Absolute reductions in An , gm and CA activity were greater in northern genotypes than in southern genotypes (P < 0.025) but percent reductions were similar. In contrast, northern genotypes showed lower percent reduction in Cc compared to southern genotypes (P < 0.025). The northern genotypes had greater CA activity relative to both leaf area (two-fold) and mass (1.8-fold) (P < 0.016). The relationship between CA activity and gm was similar whether the variation was inherent or inhibitor induced. We suggest that greater CA activity contributes to higher gm in northern P. trichocarpa genotypes, but other diffusion pathway components may also be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Momayyezi
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Forest Sciences Centre, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Robert D Guy
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Forest Sciences Centre, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Hladky SB, Barrand MA. Fluid and ion transfer across the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers; a comparative account of mechanisms and roles. Fluids Barriers CNS 2016; 13:19. [PMID: 27799072 PMCID: PMC5508927 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-016-0040-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The two major interfaces separating brain and blood have different primary roles. The choroid plexuses secrete cerebrospinal fluid into the ventricles, accounting for most net fluid entry to the brain. Aquaporin, AQP1, allows water transfer across the apical surface of the choroid epithelium; another protein, perhaps GLUT1, is important on the basolateral surface. Fluid secretion is driven by apical Na+-pumps. K+ secretion occurs via net paracellular influx through relatively leaky tight junctions partially offset by transcellular efflux. The blood-brain barrier lining brain microvasculature, allows passage of O2, CO2, and glucose as required for brain cell metabolism. Because of high resistance tight junctions between microvascular endothelial cells transport of most polar solutes is greatly restricted. Because solute permeability is low, hydrostatic pressure differences cannot account for net fluid movement; however, water permeability is sufficient for fluid secretion with water following net solute transport. The endothelial cells have ion transporters that, if appropriately arranged, could support fluid secretion. Evidence favours a rate smaller than, but not much smaller than, that of the choroid plexuses. At the blood-brain barrier Na+ tracer influx into the brain substantially exceeds any possible net flux. The tracer flux may occur primarily by a paracellular route. The blood-brain barrier is the most important interface for maintaining interstitial fluid (ISF) K+ concentration within tight limits. This is most likely because Na+-pumps vary the rate at which K+ is transported out of ISF in response to small changes in K+ concentration. There is also evidence for functional regulation of K+ transporters with chronic changes in plasma concentration. The blood-brain barrier is also important in regulating HCO3- and pH in ISF: the principles of this regulation are reviewed. Whether the rate of blood-brain barrier HCO3- transport is slow or fast is discussed critically: a slow transport rate comparable to those of other ions is favoured. In metabolic acidosis and alkalosis variations in HCO3- concentration and pH are much smaller in ISF than in plasma whereas in respiratory acidosis variations in pHISF and pHplasma are similar. The key similarities and differences of the two interfaces are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen B. Hladky
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD UK
| | - Margery A. Barrand
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD UK
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Methazolamide improves neurological behavior by inhibition of neuron apoptosis in subarachnoid hemorrhage mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35055. [PMID: 27731352 PMCID: PMC5059745 DOI: 10.1038/srep35055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) results in significant nerve dysfunction, such as hemiplegia, mood disorders, cognitive and memory impairment. Currently, no clear measures can reduce brain nerve damage. The study of brain nerve protection after SAH is of great significance. We aim to evaluate the protective effects and the possible mechanism of methazolamide in C57BL/6J SAH animal model in vivo and in blood-induced primary cortical neuron (PCNs) cellular model of SAH in vitro. We demonstrate that methazolamide accelerates the recovery of neurological damage, effectively relieves cerebral edema, and improves cognitive function in SAH mice as well as offers neuroprotection in blood- or hemoglobin-treated PCNs and partially restores normal neuronal morphology. In addition, western blot analyses show obviously decreased expression of active caspase-3 in methazolamide-treated SAH mice comparing with vehicle-treated SAH animals. Furthermore, methazolamide effectively inhibits ROS production in PCNs induced by blood exposure or hemoglobin insult. However, methazolamide has no protective effects in morality, fluctuation of cerebral blood flow, SAH grade, and cerebral vasospasm of SAH mice. Given methazolamide, a potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, can penetrate the blood–brain barrier and has been used in clinic in the treatment of ocular conditions, it provides potential as a novel therapy for SAH.
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Acetazolamide Mitigates Astrocyte Cellular Edema Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33330. [PMID: 27623738 PMCID: PMC5022024 DOI: 10.1038/srep33330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-penetrating or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is commonly experienced in accidents, the battlefield and in full-contact sports. Astrocyte cellular edema is one of the major factors that leads to high morbidity post-mTBI. Various studies have reported an upregulation of aquaporin-4 (AQP4), a water channel protein, following brain injury. AZA is an antiepileptic drug that has been shown to inhibit AQP4 expression and in this study we investigate the drug as a therapeutic to mitigate the extent of mTBI induced cellular edema. We hypothesized that mTBI-mediated astrocyte dysfunction, initiated by increased intracellular volume, could be reduced when treated with AZA. We tested our hypothesis in a three-dimensional in vitro astrocyte model of mTBI. Samples were subject to no stretch (control) or one high-speed stretch (mTBI) injury. AQP4 expression was significantly increased 24 hours after mTBI. mTBI resulted in a significant increase in the cell swelling within 30 min of mTBI, which was significantly reduced in the presence of AZA. Cell death and expression of S100B was significantly reduced when AZA was added shortly before mTBI stretch. Overall, our data point to occurrence of astrocyte swelling immediately following mTBI, and AZA as a promising treatment to mitigate downstream cellular mortality.
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Progress in AQP Research and New Developments in Therapeutic Approaches to Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071146. [PMID: 27438832 PMCID: PMC4964519 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral edema often manifests after the development of cerebrovascular disease, particularly in the case of stroke, both ischemic and hemorrhagic. Without clinical intervention, the influx of water into brain tissues leads to increased intracranial pressure, cerebral herniation, and ultimately death. Strategies to manage the development of edema constitute a major unmet therapeutic need. However, despite its major clinical significance, the mechanisms underlying cerebral water transport and edema formation remain elusive. Aquaporins (AQPs) are a class of water channel proteins which have been implicated in the regulation of water homeostasis and cerebral edema formation, and thus represent a promising target for alleviating stroke-induced cerebral edema. This review examines the significance of relevant AQPs in stroke injury and subsequently explores neuroprotective strategies aimed at modulating AQP expression, with a particular focus on AQP4, the most abundant AQP in the central nervous system.
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Mangiatordi GF, Alberga D, Trisciuzzi D, Lattanzi G, Nicolotti O. Human Aquaporin-4 and Molecular Modeling: Historical Perspective and View to the Future. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071119. [PMID: 27420052 PMCID: PMC4964494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the different aquaporins (AQPs), human aquaporin-4 (hAQP4) has attracted the greatest interest in recent years as a new promising therapeutic target. Such a membrane protein is, in fact, involved in a multiple sclerosis-like immunopathology called Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) and in several disorders resulting from imbalanced water homeostasis such as deafness and cerebral edema. The gap of knowledge in its functioning and dynamics at the atomistic level of detail has hindered the development of rational strategies for designing hAQP4 modulators. The application, lately, of molecular modeling has proved able to fill this gap providing a breeding ground to rationally address compounds targeting hAQP4. In this review, we give an overview of the important advances obtained in this field through the application of Molecular Dynamics (MD) and other complementary modeling techniques. The case studies presented herein are discussed with the aim of providing important clues for computational chemists and biophysicists interested in this field and looking for new challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Felice Mangiatordi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Via Orabona, 4, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Domenico Alberga
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris CNRS Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, 11 rue P. et M. Curie, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Daniela Trisciuzzi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Via Orabona, 4, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Lattanzi
- INFN-Sez. di Bari and Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Orazio Nicolotti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Via Orabona, 4, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70126 Bari, Italy.
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Yonan JM, Binder DK. Aquaporin-4 and spinal cord injury. World J Neurol 2016; 6:1-13. [DOI: 10.5316/wjn.v6.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Edema formation is a major problem following traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) that acts to exacerbate secondary damage. Severity of edema correlates with reduced neurological outcome in human patients. To date, there are no effective treatments to directly resolve edema within the spinal cord. The aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channel is found on membranes of astrocytic endfeet in direct contact with blood vessels, the glia limitans in contact with the cerebrospinal fluid and ependyma around the central canal. Being so locally expressed at the interface between fluid and tissue allow AQP4 channels to play an important role in the bidirectional regulation of water homeostasis under normal conditions and following trauma. With the need to better understand the pathophysiology underlying the devastating cellular events in SCI, animal models have become an integral part of exploration. Inevitably, several injury models have been developed (contusion, compression, transection) resulting in difficult interpretation between studies with conflicting results. This is true in the case of understanding the role of AQP4 in the progression and resolution of edema following SCI, whose role is still not completely understood and is highly dependent on the type of edema present (vasogenic vs cytotoxic). Here, we discuss regulation of AQP4 in varying injury models and the effects of potential therapeutic interventions on expression, edema formation and functional recovery. Better understanding of the precise role of AQP4 following a wide range of injuries will help to understand optimal treatment timing following human SCI for prime therapeutic benefit and enhanced neurological outcome.
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Abdeen A, Sonoda H, Oshikawa S, Hoshino Y, Kondo H, Ikeda M. Acetazolamide enhances the release of urinary exosomal aquaporin-1. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2016; 31:1623-32. [PMID: 27190370 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal aquaporin-1 (AQP1), a water channel protein, is known to be secreted into urine, conveyed by nano-sized extracellular vesicles called exosomes. A previous study has demonstrated that acetazolamide (AZ), a diuretic that inhibits carbonic anhydrases, alters the expression level of AQP1 in cultured cells. Here we investigated whether AZ alters the release of urinary exosomal AQP1 in vivo. METHODS The effect of AZ on urinary exosomal AQP1 secretion was examined in rats and compared with furosemide (another diuretic), NaHCO3 (an alkalizing agent) and NH4Cl (an acidifying agent). Urine, blood and kidney samples were obtained 2 h after each treatment. Urinary exosomes were isolated by a differential centrifugation technique and urinary exosomal proteins were analyzed by immunoblotting. RESULTS The release of exosomal AQP1 into urine was markedly increased after treatment with AZ, accompanied by alkaluria and metabolic acidosis. Immunohistochemistry clearly demonstrated that AZ increased the apical membrane expression of AQP1 in the proximal tubules. AZ did not affect the release of exosomal marker proteins (tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein and apoptosis-linked gene 2 interacting protein X). Treatment with furosemide did not change, whereas NaHCO3 and NH4Cl decreased the exosomal release of AQP1. CONCLUSION The present findings indicate that AZ increases the release of exosomal AQP1 into urine in association with enhanced apical membrane expression of AQP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdeen
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt
| | - Hiroko Sonoda
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Sayaka Oshikawa
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Yuya Hoshino
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kondo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ikeda
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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