1
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Eze FN. Transthyretin Amyloidosis: Role of oxidative stress and the beneficial implications of antioxidants and nutraceutical supplementation. Neurochem Int 2024; 179:105837. [PMID: 39154837 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis constitutes a spectrum of debilitating neurodegenerative diseases instigated by systemic extracellular deposition of partially unfolded/aggregated aberrant transthyretin. The homotetrameric protein, TTR, is abundant in the plasma, and to a lesser extent the cerebrospinal fluid. Rate-limiting tetramer dissociation of the native protein is regarded as the critical step in the formation of morphologically heterogenous toxic aggregates and the onset of clinical manifestations such as polyneuropathy, cardiomyopathy, disturbances in motor and autonomic functions. Over the past few decades there has been increasing evidence suggesting that in addition to destabilization in TTR tetramer structure, oxidative stress may also play an important role in the pathogenesis of ATTR amyloidosis. In this review, an update on the impact of oxidative stress in TTR amyloidogenesis as well as TTR aggregate-mediated pathologies is discussed. The counteracting effects of antioxidants and nutraceutical agents explored in the treatment of ATTR amyloidosis based on recent evidence is also critically examined. The insights unveiled could further strengthen current understanding of the mechanisms underlying ATTR amyloidosis as well as extend the range of strategies for effective management of ATTR amyloidoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrick Nwude Eze
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand.
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2
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Gaona-López C, Méndez-Álvarez D, Moreno-Rodríguez A, Bautista-Martínez JL, De Fuentes-Vicente JA, Nogueda-Torres B, García-Torres I, López-Velázquez G, Rivera G. TATA-Binding Protein-Based Virtual Screening of FDA Drugs Identified New Anti-Giardiasis Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6238. [PMID: 38892424 PMCID: PMC11172525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Parasitic diseases, predominantly prevalent in developing countries, are increasingly spreading to high-income nations due to shifting migration patterns. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates approximately 300 million annual cases of giardiasis. The emergence of drug resistance and associated side effects necessitates urgent research to address this growing health concern. In this study, we evaluated over eleven thousand pharmacological compounds sourced from the FDA database to assess their impact on the TATA-binding protein (TBP) of the early diverging protist Giardia lamblia, which holds medical significance. We identified a selection of potential pharmacological compounds for combating this parasitic disease through in silico analysis, employing molecular modeling techniques such as homology modeling, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations. Notably, our findings highlight compounds DB07352 and DB08399 as promising candidates for inhibiting the TBP of Giardia lamblia. Also, these compounds and DB15584 demonstrated high efficacy against trophozoites in vitro. In summary, this study identifies compounds with the potential to combat giardiasis, offering the prospect of specific therapies and providing a robust foundation for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Gaona-López
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico;
| | - Domingo Méndez-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico;
| | - Adriana Moreno-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Estudios Epidemiológicos, Clínicos, Diseños Experimentales e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca 68120, Mexico; (A.M.-R.); (J.L.B.-M.)
| | - Juan Luis Bautista-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Estudios Epidemiológicos, Clínicos, Diseños Experimentales e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca 68120, Mexico; (A.M.-R.); (J.L.B.-M.)
| | | | - Benjamín Nogueda-Torres
- Departamento de Parasitología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico;
| | - Itzhel García-Torres
- Laboratorio de Biomoléculas y Salud Infantil, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico; (I.G.-T.); (G.L.-V.)
| | - Gabriel López-Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Biomoléculas y Salud Infantil, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico; (I.G.-T.); (G.L.-V.)
| | - Gildardo Rivera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico;
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3
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Basanta B, Nugroho K, Yan NL, Kline GM, Powers ET, Tsai FJ, Wu M, Hansel-Harris A, Chen JS, Forli S, Kelly JW, Lander GC. The conformational landscape of human transthyretin revealed by cryo-EM. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.23.576879. [PMID: 38328110 PMCID: PMC10849623 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.23.576879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is a natively tetrameric thyroxine transporter found in blood and cerebrospinal fluid whose misfolding and aggregation causes transthyretin amyloidosis. A rational drug design campaign identified the small molecule tafamidis (Vyndaqel/Vyndamax) as an effective stabilizer of the native TTR fold, and this aggregation inhibitor is regulatory agency-approved for the treatment of TTR amyloidosis. Despite 50 years of structural studies on TTR and this triumph of structure-based drug design, there remains a notable dearth of structural information available to understand ligand binding allostery and amyloidogenic TTR unfolding intermediates. We used single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to investigate the conformational landscape of this 55 kiloDalton tetramer in the absence and presence of one or two ligands, revealing inherent asymmetries in the tetrameric architecture and previously unobserved conformational states. These findings provide critical mechanistic insights into negatively cooperative ligand binding and the structural pathways responsible for TTR amyloidogenesis. This study underscores the capacity of cryo-EM to provide new insights into protein structures that have been historically considered too small to visualize and to identify pharmacological targets suppressed by the confines of the crystal lattice, opening uncharted territory in structure-based drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Basanta
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research; La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karina Nugroho
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research; La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas L. Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research; La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Evan T. Powers
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research; La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Felix J. Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research; La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mengyu Wu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research; La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Althea Hansel-Harris
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research; La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jason S. Chen
- Automated Synthesis Facility, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Stefano Forli
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research; La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Gabriel C. Lander
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research; La Jolla, CA, USA
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4
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Mizuguchi M, Nakagawa Y, Inui K, Katayama W, Sawai Y, Shimane A, Kitakami R, Okada T, Nabeshima Y, Yokoyama T, Kanamitsu K, Nakagawa S, Toyooka N. Chlorinated Naringenin Analogues as Potential Inhibitors of Transthyretin Amyloidogenesis. J Med Chem 2022; 65:16218-16233. [PMID: 36472374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Misfolding and aggregation of transthyretin are implicated in the fatal systemic disease known as transthyretin amyloidosis. Here, we report the development of a naringenin derivative bearing two chlorine atoms that will be efficacious for preventing aggregation of transthyretin in the eye. The amyloid inhibitory activity of the naringenin derivative was as strong as that of tafamidis, which is the first therapeutic agent targeting transthyretin in the plasma. X-ray crystal structures of the compounds in complex with transthyretin demonstrated that the naringenin derivative with one chlorine bound to the thyroxine-binding site of transthyretin in the forward mode and that the derivative with two chlorines bound to it in the reverse mode. An ex vivo competitive binding assay showed that naringenin derivatives exhibited more potent binding than tafamidis in the plasma. Furthermore, an in vivo pharmacokinetic study demonstrated that the dichlorinated derivative was significantly delivered to the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mineyuki Mizuguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0914, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Kishin Inui
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Wakana Katayama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0914, Japan
| | - Yurika Sawai
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Ayaka Shimane
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0914, Japan
| | - Ryota Kitakami
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takuya Okada
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Yuko Nabeshima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0914, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yokoyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0914, Japan
| | - Kayoko Kanamitsu
- Drug Discovery Initiative, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoki Toyooka
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
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5
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Antioxidant Quercetin 3-O-Glycosylated Plant Flavonols Contribute to Transthyretin Stabilization. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12050638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plants are rich in secondary metabolites, which are often useful as a relevant source of nutraceuticals. Quercetin (QUE) is a flavonol aglycone able to bind Transthyretin (TTR), a plasma protein that under pathological conditions can lose its native structure leading to fibrils formation and amyloid diseases onset. Here, the dual nature of five quercetin 3-O-glycosylated flavonol derivatives, isolated from different plant species, such as possible binders of TTR and antioxidants, was investigated. The crystal structure of 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside in complex with TTR was solved, suggesting that not only quercetin but also its metabolites can contribute to stabilizing the TTR tetramer.
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6
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The Transthyretin/Oleuropein Aglycone Complex: A New Tool against TTR Amyloidosis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030277. [PMID: 35337074 PMCID: PMC8953266 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The release of monomers from the homotetrameric protein transthyretin (TTR) is the first event of a cascade, eventually leading to sporadic or familial TTR amyloidoses. Thus, ligands able to stabilize TTR and inhibit monomer release are subject of intense scrutiny as potential treatments against these pathologies. Here, we investigated the interaction between TTR and a non-glycated derivative of the main olive polyphenol, oleuropein (OleA), known to interfere with TTR aggregation. We coupled fluorescence studies with molecular docking to investigate the OleA/TTR interaction using wild-type TTR, a monomeric variant, and the L55P cardiotoxic mutant. We characterized a fluorescence band emitted by OleA upon formation of the OleA/TTR complex. Exploiting this signal, we found that a poorly specific non-stoichiometric interaction occurs on the surface of the protein and a more specific stabilizing interaction takes place in the ligand binding pocket of TTR, exhibiting a KD of 3.23 ± 0.32 µM, with two distinct binding sites. OleA interacts with TTR in different modes, stabilizing it and preventing its dissociation into monomers, with subsequent misfolding. This result paves the way to the possible use of OleA to prevent degenerative diseases associated with TTR misfolding.
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7
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The discovery and development of transthyretin amyloidogenesis inhibitors: what are the lessons? Future Med Chem 2021; 13:2083-2105. [PMID: 34633220 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is associated with several human amyloid diseases. Various kinetic stabilizers have been developed to inhibit the dissociation of TTR tetramer and the formation of amyloid fibrils. Most of them are bisaryl derivatives, natural flavonoids, crown ethers and carborans. In this review article, we focus on TTR tetramer stabilizers, genetic therapeutic approaches and fibril remodelers. The binding modes of typical bisaryl derivatives, natural flavonoids, crown ethers and carborans are discussed. Based on knowledge of the binding of thyroxine to TTR tetramer, many stabilizers have been screened to dock into the thyroxine binding sites, leading to TTR tetramer stabilization. Particularly, those stabilizers with unique binding profiles have shown great potential in developing the therapeutic management of TTR amyloidogenesis.
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8
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Fernandes L, Cardim-Pires TR, Foguel D, Palhano FL. Green Tea Polyphenol Epigallocatechin-Gallate in Amyloid Aggregation and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:718188. [PMID: 34594185 PMCID: PMC8477582 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.718188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of protein aggregates in human tissues is a hallmark of more than 40 diseases called amyloidoses. In seven of these disorders, the aggregation is associated with neurodegenerative processes in the central nervous system such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Huntington’s disease (HD). The aggregation occurs when certain soluble proteins lose their physiological function and become toxic amyloid species. The amyloid assembly consists of protein filament interactions, which can form fibrillar structures rich in β-sheets. Despite the frequent incidence of these diseases among the elderly, the available treatments are limited and at best palliative, and new therapeutic approaches are needed. Among the many natural compounds that have been evaluated for their ability to prevent or delay the amyloidogenic process is epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), an abundant and potent polyphenolic molecule present in green tea that has extensive biological activity. There is evidence for EGCG’s ability to inhibit the aggregation of α-synuclein, amyloid-β, and huntingtin proteins, respectively associated with PD, AD, and HD. It prevents fibrillogenesis (in vitro and in vivo), reduces amyloid cytotoxicity, and remodels fibrils to form non-toxic amorphous species that lack seed propagation. Although it is an antioxidant, EGCG in an oxidized state can promote fibrils’ remodeling through formation of Schiff bases and crosslinking the fibrils. Moreover, microparticles to drug delivery were synthesized from oxidized EGCG and loaded with a second anti-amyloidogenic molecule, obtaining a synergistic therapeutic effect. Here, we describe several pre-clinical and clinical studies involving EGCG and neurodegenerative diseases and their related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Fernandes
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Programa de Biologia Estrutural, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thyago R Cardim-Pires
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Programa de Biologia Estrutural, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Debora Foguel
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Programa de Biologia Estrutural, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando L Palhano
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Programa de Biologia Estrutural, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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9
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Diphenyl-Methane Based Thyromimetic Inhibitors for Transthyretin Amyloidosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073488. [PMID: 33800546 PMCID: PMC8038088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyromimetics, whose physicochemical characteristics are analog to thyroid hormones (THs) and their derivatives, are promising candidates as novel therapeutics for neurodegenerative and metabolic pathologies. In particular, sobetirome (GC-1), one of the initial halogen-free thyromimetics, and newly synthesized IS25 and TG68, with optimized ADME-Tox profile, have recently attracted attention owing to their superior therapeutic benefits, selectivity, and enhanced permeability. Here, we further explored the functional capabilities of these thyromimetics to inhibit transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis. TTR is a homotetrameric transporter protein for THs, yet it is also responsible for severe amyloid fibril formation, which is facilitated by tetramer dissociation into non-native monomers. By combining nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, computational simulation, and biochemical assays, we found that GC-1 and newly designed diphenyl-methane-based thyromimetics, namely IS25 and TG68, are TTR stabilizers and efficient suppressors of TTR aggregation. Based on these observations, we propose the novel potential of thyromimetics as a multi-functional therapeutic molecule for TTR-related pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases.
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10
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Adeoye AO, Oso BJ. Investigative studies on the inhibition of amyloid-like fibrils formation by the extracts of Vernonia amygdalina Del. leaf. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-020-00535-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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11
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Ciccone L, Tonali N, Nencetti S, Orlandini E. Natural compounds as inhibitors of transthyretin amyloidosis and neuroprotective agents: analysis of structural data for future drug design. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:1145-1162. [PMID: 32419519 PMCID: PMC7301710 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1760262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds, such as plant and fruit extracts have shown neuroprotective effect against neurodegenerative diseases. It has been reported that several natural compounds binding to transthyretin (TTR) can be useful in amyloidosis prevention. TTR is a transporter protein that under physiological condition carries thyroxine (T4) and retinol in plasma and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); it also has a neuroprotective role against Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, TTR also is an amyloidogenic protein responsible for familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) and familial amyloid cardiomyopathy (FAC). The TTR amyloidogenic potential is speeded up by several point mutations. One therapeutic strategy against TTR amyloidosis is the stabilisation of the native tetramer by natural compounds and small molecules. In this review, we examine the natural products that, starting from 2012 to present, have been studied as a stabiliser of TTR tetramer. In particular, we discussed the chemical and structural features which will be helpful for future drug design of new TTR stabilisers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Ciccone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicoló Tonali
- CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Susanna Nencetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health (NUTRAFOOD), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Orlandini
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Research Center “E. Piaggio”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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12
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Guo X, Liu Z, Zheng Y, Li Y, Li L, Liu H, Chen Z, Wu L. Review on the Structures and Activities of Transthyretin Amyloidogenesis Inhibitors. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:1057-1081. [PMID: 32210536 PMCID: PMC7071892 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s237252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is a tetrameric protein, and its dissociation, aggregation, deposition, and misfolding are linked to several human amyloid diseases. As the main transporter for thyroxine (T4) in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, TTR contains two T4-binding sites, which are docked with T4 and subsequently maintain the structural stability of TTR homotetramer. Affected by genetic disorders and detrimental environmental factors, TTR degrades to monomer and/or form amyloid fibrils. Reasonably, stabilization of TTR might be an efficient strategy for the treatment of TTR-related amyloidosis. However, only 10-25% of T4 in the plasma is bound to TTR under physiological conditions. Expectedly, T4 analogs with different structures aiming to bind to T4 pockets may displace the functions of T4. So far, a number of compounds including both natural and synthetic origin have been reported. In this paper, we summarized the potent inhibitors, including bisaryl structure-based compounds, flavonoids, crown ethers, and carboranes, for treating TTR-related amyloid diseases and the combination modes of some compounds binding to TTR protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaowen Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizhou Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yamei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Linfu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixi Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Longhuo Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
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13
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Bruder M, Polo G, Trivella DBB. Natural allosteric modulators and their biological targets: molecular signatures and mechanisms. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:488-514. [PMID: 32048675 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00064j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2008 to 2018Over the last decade more than two hundred single natural products were confirmed as natural allosteric modulators (alloNPs) of proteins. The compounds are presented and discussed with the support of a chemical space, constructed using a principal component analysis (PCA) of molecular descriptors from chemical compounds of distinct databases. This analysis showed that alloNPs are dispersed throughout the majority of the chemical space defined by natural products in general. Moreover, a cluster of alloNPs was shown to occupy a region almost devoid of allosteric modulators retrieved from a dataset composed mainly of synthetic compounds, further highlighting the importance to explore the entire natural chemical space for probing allosteric mechanisms. The protein targets which alloNPs bind to comprised 81 different proteins, which were classified into 5 major groups, with enzymes, in particular hydrolases, being the main representative group. The review also brings a critical interpretation on the mechanisms by which alloNPs display their molecular action on proteins. In the latter analysis, alloNPs were classified according to their final effect on the target protein, resulting in 3 major categories: (i) local alteration of the orthosteric site; (ii) global alteration in protein dynamics that change function; and (iii) oligomer stabilisation or protein complex destabilisation via protein-protein interaction in sites distant from the orthosteric site. G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), which use a combination of the three types of allosteric regulation found, were also probed by natural products. In summary, the natural allosteric modulators reviewed herein emphasise their importance for exploring alternative chemotherapeutic strategies, potentially pushing the boundaries of the druggable space of pharmacologically relevant drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Bruder
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), National Centre for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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14
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Pinzi L, Rastelli G. Identification of Target Associations for Polypharmacology from Analysis of Crystallographic Ligands of the Protein Data Bank. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 60:372-390. [PMID: 31800237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The design of a chemical entity that potently and selectively binds to a biological target of therapeutic relevance has dominated the scene of drug discovery so far. However, recent findings suggest that multitarget ligands may be endowed with superior efficacy and be less prone to drug resistance. The Protein Data Bank (PDB) provides experimentally validated structural information about targets and bound ligands. Therefore, it represents a valuable source of information to help identifying active sites, understanding pharmacophore requirements, designing novel ligands, and inferring structure-activity relationships. In this study, we performed a large-scale analysis of the PDB by integrating different ligand-based and structure-based approaches, with the aim of identifying promising target associations for polypharmacology based on reported crystal structure information. First, the 2D and 3D similarity profiles of the crystallographic ligands were evaluated using different ligand-based methods. Then, activity data of pairs of similar ligands binding to different targets were inspected by comparing structural information with bioactivity annotations reported in the ChEMBL, BindingDB, BindingMOAD, and PDBbind databases. Afterward, extensive docking screenings of ligands in the identified cross-targets were made in order to validate and refine the ligand-based results. Finally, the therapeutic relevance of the identified target combinations for polypharmacology was evaluated from comparison with information on therapeutic targets reported in the Therapeutic Target Database (TTD). The results led to the identification of several target associations with high therapeutic potential for polypharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pinzi
- Department of Life Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Via Giuseppe Campi 103 , 41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Giulio Rastelli
- Department of Life Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Via Giuseppe Campi 103 , 41125 Modena , Italy
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15
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He C, Liu X, Jiang Z, Geng S, Ma H, Liu B. Interaction Mechanism of Flavonoids and α-Glucosidase: Experimental and Molecular Modelling Studies. Foods 2019; 8:E355. [PMID: 31438605 PMCID: PMC6770089 DOI: 10.3390/foods8090355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are known to play a role in hypoglycemia by inhibiting α-glucosidase. However, their interaction mechanism with α-glucosidase still needs to be elaborated. In this study, the α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of 15 flavonoids were investigated. Their molecular volume had a negative effect on inhibitory activity, while the number of phenolic hydroxyl groups on the B ring was positively correlated with inhibitory activity. To explain the significant differences in activity, the interaction behaviors of myricetin and dihydromyricetin, which have similar structures, were compared by spectrofluorimetry, molecular docking, and the independent gradient model (IGM). In the fluorescence analysis, myricetin exhibited a higher binding capacity. Based on molecular docking and IGM analysis, their non-covalent interactions with α-glucosidase could be visualized and quantified. It was found that they had different binding modes with the enzymes and that myricetin possessed stronger hydrogen bonding and van der Waals force interactions, which explained the thermodynamic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyun He
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Zhaojing Jiang
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Sheng Geng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Hanjun Ma
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Benguo Liu
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
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16
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How SC, Hsin A, Chen GY, Hsu WT, Yang SM, Chou WL, Chou SH, Wang SSS. Exploring the influence of brilliant blue G on amyloid fibril formation of lysozyme. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 138:37-48. [PMID: 31295491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that amyloid fibril mitigation/inhibition is considered a promising approach toward treating amyloid diseases. In this work, we first examined how amyloid fibrillogenesis of lysozyme was affected by BBG, a safe triphenylmethane compound with nice blood-brain-barrier-permeability, and found that shorter fibrillar species were formed in the lysozyme samples treated with BBG. Next, alterations in the features including the secondary as well as tertiary structure, extent of aggregation, and molecular distribution of lysozyme triggered by the addition of BBG were examined by various spectroscopic techniques, right-angle light scattering, dynamic light scattering, and SDS-PAGE. In addition, we have investigated how BBG affected the lysozyme fibril-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. We found that a large quantity of shorter fibrillar species and more lysozyme monomers were present in the samples treated with BBG. Also, the addition of BBG rescued SH-SY5Y cells from cell death induced by amyloid fibrils of lysozyme. Finally, information about the binding sites and interacting forces involved in the BBG-lysozyme interaction was further explored using synchronous fluorescence and molecular docking approaches. Molecular docking results revealed that, apart from the hydrophobic interaction(s), hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, and van der Waal forces may also be involved in the binding interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Chun How
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ai Hsin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Yu Chen
- Department of Life Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Xinzhuang Dist., New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Tse Hsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Ming Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lung Chou
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Hungkuang University, Sha Lu, Taichung City 433, Taiwan.
| | - Shiu-Huey Chou
- Department of Life Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Xinzhuang Dist., New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Steven S-S Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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17
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Uncovering the Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Curcumin on Transthyretin Amyloidosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061287. [PMID: 30875761 PMCID: PMC6471102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) amyloidoses (ATTR amyloidosis) are diseases associated with transthyretin (TTR) misfolding, aggregation and extracellular deposition in tissues as amyloid. Clinical manifestations of the disease are variable and include mainly polyneuropathy and/or cardiomyopathy. The reasons why TTR forms aggregates and amyloid are related with amino acid substitutions in the protein due to mutations, or with environmental alterations associated with aging, that make the protein more unstable and prone to aggregation. According to this model, several therapeutic approaches have been proposed for the diseases that range from stabilization of TTR, using chemical chaperones, to clearance of the aggregated protein deposited in tissues in the form of oligomers or small aggregates, by the action of disruptors or by activation of the immune system. Interestingly, different studies revealed that curcumin presents anti-amyloid properties, targeting multiple steps in the ATTR amyloidogenic cascade. The effects of curcumin on ATTR amyloidosis will be reviewed and discussed in the current work in order to contribute to knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in TTR amyloidosis and propose more efficient drugs for therapy.
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18
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Liu F, Xu K, Xu Z, de Las Rivas M, Wang C, Li X, Lu J, Zhou Y, Delso I, Merino P, Hurtado-Guerrero R, Zhang Y, Wu F. The small molecule luteolin inhibits N-acetyl-α-galactosaminyltransferases and reduces mucin-type O-glycosylation of amyloid precursor protein. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:21304-21319. [PMID: 29061849 PMCID: PMC5766936 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.814202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucin-type O-glycosylation is the most abundant type of O-glycosylation. It is initiated by the members of the polypeptide N-acetyl-α-galactosaminyltransferase (ppGalNAc-T) family and closely associated with both physiological and pathological conditions, such as coronary artery disease or Alzheimer's disease. The lack of direct and selective inhibitors of ppGalNAc-Ts has largely impeded research progress in understanding the molecular events in mucin-type O-glycosylation. Here, we report that a small molecule, the plant flavonoid luteolin, selectively inhibits ppGalNAc-Ts in vitro and in cells. We found that luteolin inhibits ppGalNAc-T2 in a peptide/protein-competitive manner but not promiscuously (e.g. via aggregation-based activity). X-ray structural analysis revealed that luteolin binds to the PXP motif-binding site found in most protein substrates, which was further validated by comparing the interactions of luteolin with wild-type enzyme and with mutants using 1H NMR-based binding experiments. Functional studies disclosed that luteolin at least partially reduced production of β-amyloid protein by selectively inhibiting the activity of ppGalNAc-T isoforms. In conclusion, our study provides key structural and functional details on luteolin inhibiting ppGalNAc-T activity, opening up the way for further optimization of more potent and specific ppGalNAc-T inhibitors. Moreover, our findings may inform future investigations into site-specific O-GalNAc glycosylation and into the molecular mechanism of luteolin-mediated ppGalNAc-T inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- From the Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kai Xu
- From the Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- the Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhijue Xu
- From the Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Matilde de Las Rivas
- the Instituto de Biocomputación y Fisica de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) Joint Unit, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Congrong Wang
- From the Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Road, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Xing Li
- From the Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jishun Lu
- From the Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yueyang Zhou
- From the Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ignacio Delso
- the Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza, CSIC, E-50009 Zaragoza, Aragón, Spain
| | - Pedro Merino
- the Instituto de Biocomputación y Fisica de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) Joint Unit, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ramon Hurtado-Guerrero
- the Instituto de Biocomputación y Fisica de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) Joint Unit, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain,
- the Fundación ARAID, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain, and
| | - Yan Zhang
- From the Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China,
| | - Fang Wu
- From the Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China,
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19
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Salentin S, Adasme MF, Heinrich JC, Haupt VJ, Daminelli S, Zhang Y, Schroeder M. From malaria to cancer: Computational drug repositioning of amodiaquine using PLIP interaction patterns. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11401. [PMID: 28900272 PMCID: PMC5595859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11924-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug repositioning identifies new indications for known drugs. Here we report repositioning of the malaria drug amodiaquine as a potential anti-cancer agent. While most repositioning efforts emerge through serendipity, we have devised a computational approach, which exploits interaction patterns shared between compounds. As a test case, we took the anti-viral drug brivudine (BVDU), which also has anti-cancer activity, and defined ten interaction patterns using our tool PLIP. These patterns characterise BVDU's interaction with its target s. Using PLIP we performed an in silico screen of all structural data currently available and identified the FDA approved malaria drug amodiaquine as a promising repositioning candidate. We validated our prediction by showing that amodiaquine suppresses chemoresistance in a multiple myeloma cancer cell line by inhibiting the chaperone function of the cancer target Hsp27. This work proves that PLIP interaction patterns are viable tools for computational repositioning and can provide search query information from a given drug and its target to identify structurally unrelated candidates, including drugs approved by the FDA, with a known safety and pharmacology profile. This approach has the potential to reduce costs and risks in drug development by predicting novel indications for known drugs and drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Salentin
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Melissa F Adasme
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg C Heinrich
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - V Joachim Haupt
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Simone Daminelli
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yixin Zhang
- B CUBE, Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Schroeder
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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20
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Polyphenolic Compounds and Digestive Enzymes: In Vitro Non-Covalent Interactions. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22040669. [PMID: 28441731 PMCID: PMC6154557 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The digestive enzymes–polyphenolic compounds (PCs) interactions behind the inhibition of these enzymes have not been completely studied. The existing studies have mainly analyzed polyphenolic extracts and reported inhibition percentages of catalytic activities determined by UV-Vis spectroscopy techniques. Recently, pure PCs and new methods such as isothermal titration calorimetry and circular dichroism have been applied to describe these interactions. The present review focuses on PCs structural characteristics behind the inhibition of digestive enzymes, and progress of the used methods. Some characteristics such as molecular weight, number and position of substitution, and glycosylation of flavonoids seem to be related to the inhibitory effect of PCs; also, this effect seems to be different for carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes and proteases. The digestive enzyme–PCs molecular interactions have shown that non-covalent binding, mostly by van der Waals forces, hydrogen binding, hydrophobic binding, and other electrostatic forces regulate them. These interactions were mainly associated to non-competitive type inhibitions of the enzymatic activities. The present review emphasizes on the digestive enzymes such as α-glycosidase (AG), α-amylase (PA), lipase (PL), pepsin (PE), trypsin (TP), and chymotrypsin (CT). Existing studies conducted in vitro allow one to elucidate the characteristics of the structure–function relationships, where differences between the structures of PCs might be the reason for different in vivo effects.
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21
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Basu A, Suresh Kumar G. Binding and Inhibitory Effect of the Dyes Amaranth and Tartrazine on Amyloid Fibrillation in Lysozyme. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:1222-1239. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b10465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Basu
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Gopinatha Suresh Kumar
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700 032, India
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22
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Epigallocatechin-3-gallate preferentially induces aggregation of amyloidogenic immunoglobulin light chains. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41515. [PMID: 28128355 PMCID: PMC5269747 DOI: 10.1038/srep41515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody light chain amyloidosis is a rare disease caused by fibril formation of secreted immunoglobulin light chains (LCs). The huge variety of antibody sequences puts a serious challenge to drug discovery. The green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is known to interfere with fibril formation in general. Here we present solution- and solid-state NMR studies as well as MD simulations to characterise the interaction of EGCG with LC variable domains. We identified two distinct EGCG binding sites, both of which include a proline as an important recognition element. The binding sites were confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis and solid-state NMR analysis. The EGCG-induced protein complexes are unstructured. We propose a general mechanistic model for EGCG binding to a conserved site in LCs. We find that EGCG reacts selectively with amyloidogenic mutants. This makes this compound a promising lead structure, that can handle the immense sequence variability of antibody LCs.
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23
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Zhang J, Begum A, Brännström K, Grundström C, Iakovleva I, Olofsson A, Sauer-Eriksson AE, Andersson PL. Structure-Based Virtual Screening Protocol for in Silico Identification of Potential Thyroid Disrupting Chemicals Targeting Transthyretin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:11984-11993. [PMID: 27668830 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid disruption by xenobiotics is associated with a broad spectrum of severe adverse outcomes. One possible molecular target of thyroid hormone disrupting chemicals (THDCs) is transthyretin (TTR), a thyroid hormone transporter in vertebrates. To better understand the interactions between TTR and THDCs, we determined the crystallographic structures of human TTR in complex with perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and 2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone (BP2). The molecular interactions between the ligands and TTR were further characterized using molecular dynamics simulations. A structure-based virtual screening (VS) protocol was developed with the intention of providing an efficient tool for the discovery of novel TTR-binders from the Tox21 inventory. Among the 192 predicted binders, 12 representatives were selected, and their TTR binding affinities were studied with isothermal titration calorimetry, of which seven compounds had binding affinities between 0.26 and 100 μM. To elucidate structural details in their binding to TTR, crystal structures were determined of TTR in complex with four of the identified compounds including 2,6-dinitro-p-cresol, bisphenol S, clonixin, and triclopyr. The compounds were found to bind in the TTR hormone binding sites as predicted. Our results show that the developed VS protocol is able to successfully identify potential THDCs, and we suggest that it can be used to propose THDCs for future toxicological evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University , SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Afshan Begum
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University , SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kristoffer Brännström
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University , SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christin Grundström
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University , SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Irina Iakovleva
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University , SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Olofsson
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University , SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - A Elisabeth Sauer-Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University , SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Patrik L Andersson
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University , SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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24
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Ortore G, Orlandini E, Braca A, Ciccone L, Rossello A, Martinelli A, Nencetti S. Targeting Different Transthyretin Binding Sites with Unusual Natural Compounds. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:1865-74. [PMID: 27159149 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Misfolding and aggregation of the transthyretin (TTR) protein leads to certain forms of amyloidosis. Some nutraceuticals, such as flavonoids and natural polyphenols, have recently been investigated as modulators of the self-assembly process of TTR, but they generally suffer from limited bioavailability. To discover innovative and more bioavailable natural compounds able to inhibit TTR amyloid formation, a docking study was performed using the crystallographic structure of TTR. This computational strategy was projected as an ad hoc inspection of the possible relationship between binding site location and modulation of the assembly process; interactions with the as-yet-unexplored epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) sites and with the thyroxine (T4) pocket were simultaneously analyzed. All the compounds studied seem to prefer the traditional T4 binding site, but some interesting results emerged from the screening of an in-house database, used for validating the computational protocol, and of the Herbal Ingredients Targets (HIT) catalogue available on the ZINC database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Ortore
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, V. Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Alessandra Braca
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, V. Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lidia Ciccone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, V. Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Armando Rossello
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, V. Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Adriano Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, V. Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Susanna Nencetti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, V. Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
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25
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Iakovleva I, Begum A, Brännström K, Wijsekera A, Nilsson L, Zhang J, Andersson PL, Sauer-Eriksson AE, Olofsson A. Tetrabromobisphenol A Is an Efficient Stabilizer of the Transthyretin Tetramer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153529. [PMID: 27093678 PMCID: PMC4836675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid formation of the human plasma protein transthyretin (TTR) is associated with several human disorders, including familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) and senile systemic amyloidosis. Dissociation of TTR's native tetrameric assembly is the rate-limiting step in the conversion into amyloid, and this feature presents an avenue for intervention because binding of an appropriate ligand to the thyroxin hormone binding sites of TTR stabilizes the native tetrameric assembly and impairs conversion into amyloid. The desired features for an effective TTR stabilizer include high affinity for TTR, high selectivity in the presence of other proteins, no adverse side effects at the effective concentrations, and a long half-life in the body. In this study we show that the commonly used flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) efficiently stabilizes the tetrameric structure of TTR. The X-ray crystal structure shows TBBPA binding in the thyroxine binding pocket with bromines occupying two of the three halogen binding sites. Interestingly, TBBPA binds TTR with an extremely high selectivity in human plasma, and the effect is equal to the recently approved drug tafamidis and better than diflunisal, both of which have shown therapeutic effects against FAP. TBBPA consequently present an interesting scaffold for drug design. Its absorption, metabolism, and potential side-effects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Iakovleva
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Afshan Begum
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Alexandra Wijsekera
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lina Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | - Anders Olofsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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26
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Nilsson L, Larsson A, Begum A, Iakovleva I, Carlsson M, Brännström K, Sauer-Eriksson AE, Olofsson A. Modifications of the 7-Hydroxyl Group of the Transthyretin Ligand Luteolin Provide Mechanistic Insights into Its Binding Properties and High Plasma Specificity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153112. [PMID: 27050398 PMCID: PMC4822800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid formation of the plasma protein transthyretin (TTR) has been linked to familial amyloid polyneuropathy and senile systemic amyloidosis. Binding of ligands within its natural hormone binding site can stabilize the tetrameric structure and impair amyloid formation. We have recently shown that the flavonoid luteolin stabilizes TTR in human plasma with a very high selectivity. Luteolin, however, is inactivated in vivo via glucuronidation for which the preferred site is the hydroxy group at position 7 on its aromatic A-ring. We have evaluated the properties of two luteolin variants in which the 7-hydroxy group has been exchanged for a chlorine (7-Cl-Lut) or a methoxy group (7-MeO-Lut). Using an in vitro model, based on human liver microsomes, we verified that these modifications increase the persistence of the drug. Crystal structure determinations show that 7-Cl-Lut binds similarly to luteolin. The larger MeO substituent cannot be accommodated within the same space as the chlorine or hydroxy group and as a result 7-MeO-Lut binds in the opposite direction with the methoxy group in position 7 facing the solvent. Both 7-Cl-Lut and 7-MeO-Lut qualify as high-affinity binders, but in contrast to luteolin, they display a highly non-specific binding to other plasma components. The binding of the two conformations and the key-interactions to TTR are discussed in detail. Taken together, these results show a proof-of-concept that the persistence of luteolin towards enzymatic modification can be increased. We reveal two alternative high-affinity binding modes of luteolin to TTR and that modification in position 7 is restricted only to small substituents if the original orientation of luteolin should be preserved. In addition, the present work provides a general and convenient method to evaluate the efficacy of TTR-stabilizing drugs under conditions similar to an in vivo environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Nilsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andreas Larsson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
- Swedish Defence Research Agency, CBRN Defence and Security, SE-906 21, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Afshan Begum
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Irina Iakovleva
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marcus Carlsson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kristoffer Brännström
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Anders Olofsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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27
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Zou L, Zhu J, Dong Y, Han W, Guo Y, Zhou H. Models for the binding channel of wild type and mutant transthyretin with glabridin. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra19814g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our results indicate that additional high-occupancy hydrogen bonds were observed at the binding interface between the two dimers in V30A TTR, while stabilisation hydrophobic interactions between residues in the mutant AB loop decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Zou
- School of Life Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Jingxuan Zhu
- School of Life Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education
| | - Yang Dong
- School of Life Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Weiwei Han
- School of Life Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education
| | - Yingjie Guo
- School of Life Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Hui Zhou
- School of Life Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
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28
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How SC, Yang SM, Hsin A, Tseng CP, Hsueh SS, Lin MS, Chen RPY, Chou WL, Wang SSS. Examining the inhibitory potency of food additive fast green FCF against amyloid fibrillogenesis under acidic conditions. Food Funct 2016; 7:4898-4907. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00792a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid fibril formation of hen lysozyme (HEWL) can be attenuated by fast green FCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Chun How
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Szu-Ming Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Ai Hsin
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ping Tseng
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Shu-Shun Hsueh
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | | | - Rita P.-Y. Chen
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry
| | - Wei-Lung Chou
- Department of Safety
- Health and Environmental Engineering
- Hungkuang University
- Taichung City 433
- Taiwan
| | - Steven S.-S. Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
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29
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Florio P, Folli C, Cianci M, Del Rio D, Zanotti G, Berni R. Transthyretin Binding Heterogeneity and Anti-amyloidogenic Activity of Natural Polyphenols and Their Metabolites. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:29769-80. [PMID: 26468275 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.690172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is an amyloidogenic protein, the amyloidogenic potential of which is enhanced by a number of specific point mutations. The ability to inhibit TTR fibrillogenesis is known for several classes of compounds, including natural polyphenols, which protect the native state of TTR by specifically interacting with its thyroxine binding sites. Comparative analyses of the interaction and of the ability to protect the TTR native state for polyphenols, both stilbenoids and flavonoids, and some of their main metabolites have been carried out. A main finding of this investigation was the highly preferential binding of resveratrol and thyroxine, both characterized by negative binding cooperativity, to distinct sites in TTR, consistent with the data of x-ray analysis of TTR in complex with both ligands. Although revealing the ability of the two thyroxine binding sites of TTR to discriminate between different ligands, this feature has allowed us to evaluate the interactions of polyphenols with both resveratrol and thyroxine preferential binding sites, by using resveratrol and radiolabeled T4 as probes. Among flavonoids, genistein and apigenin were able to effectively displace resveratrol from its preferential binding site, whereas genistein also showed the ability to interact, albeit weakly, with the preferential thyroxine binding site. Several glucuronidated polyphenol metabolites did not exhibit significant competition for resveratrol and thyroxine preferential binding sites and lacked the ability to stabilize TTR. However, resveratrol-3-O-sulfate was able to significantly protect the protein native state. A rationale for the in vitro properties found for polyphenol metabolites was provided by x-ray analysis of their complexes with TTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Florio
- From the Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Claudia Folli
- the Department of Food Science, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Michele Cianci
- the European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 22607 Hamburg, Germany, and
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- the Department of Food Science, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zanotti
- the Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Berni
- From the Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy,
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30
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Šneideris T, Baranauskienė L, Cannon JG, Rutkienė R, Meškys R, Smirnovas V. Looking for a generic inhibitor of amyloid-like fibril formation among flavone derivatives. PeerJ 2015; 3:e1271. [PMID: 26421240 PMCID: PMC4586895 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A range of diseases is associated with amyloid fibril formation. Despite different proteins being responsible for each disease, all of them share similar features including beta-sheet-rich secondary structure and fibril-like protein aggregates. A number of proteins can form amyloid-like fibrils in vitro, resembling structural features of disease-related amyloids. Given these generic structural properties of amyloid and amyloid-like fibrils, generic inhibitors of fibril formation would be of interest for treatment of amyloid diseases. Recently, we identified five outstanding inhibitors of insulin amyloid-like fibril formation among the pool of 265 commercially available flavone derivatives. Here we report testing of these five compounds and of epi-gallocatechine-3-gallate (EGCG) on aggregation of alpha-synuclein and beta-amyloid. We used a Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assay, relying on halftimes of aggregation as the measure of inhibition. This method avoids large numbers of false positive results. Our data indicate that four of the five flavones and EGCG inhibit alpha-synuclein aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner. However none of these derivatives were able to increase halftimes of aggregation of beta-amyloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Šneideris
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Vilnius University Institute of Biotechnology , Vilnius , Lithuania
| | - Lina Baranauskienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Vilnius University Institute of Biotechnology , Vilnius , Lithuania
| | - Jonathan G Cannon
- Department of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Middle Georgia State University , Cochran, GA , USA
| | - Rasa Rutkienė
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry , Vilnius , Lithuania
| | - Rolandas Meškys
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry , Vilnius , Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Smirnovas
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Vilnius University Institute of Biotechnology , Vilnius , Lithuania
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31
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Iakovleva I, Brännström K, Nilsson L, Gharibyan AL, Begum A, Anan I, Walfridsson M, Sauer-Eriksson AE, Olofsson A. Enthalpic Forces Correlate with the Selectivity of Transthyretin-Stabilizing Ligands in Human Plasma. J Med Chem 2015. [PMID: 26214366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The plasma protein transthyretin (TTR) is linked to human amyloidosis. Dissociation of its native tetrameric assembly is a rate-limiting step in the conversion from a native structure into a pathological amyloidogenic fold. Binding of small molecule ligands within the thyroxine binding site of TTR can stabilize the tetrameric integrity and is a potential therapeutic approach. However, through the characterization of nine different tetramer-stabilizing ligands we found that unspecific binding to plasma components might significantly compromise ligand efficacy. Surprisingly the binding strength between a particular ligand and TTR does not correlate well with its selectivity in plasma. However, through analysis of the thermodynamic signature using isothermal titration calorimetry we discovered a better correlation between selectivity and the enthalpic component of the interaction. This is of specific interest in the quest for more efficient TTR stabilizers, but a high selectivity is an almost universally desired feature within drug design and the finding might have wide-ranging implications for drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Iakovleva
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University , 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kristoffer Brännström
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University , 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lina Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University , 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna L Gharibyan
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences, Umeå University , 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Afshan Begum
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University , 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Intissar Anan
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University , 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Malin Walfridsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University , 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Anders Olofsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University , 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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32
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Cianci M, Folli C, Zonta F, Florio P, Berni R, Zanotti G. Structural evidence for asymmetric ligand binding to transthyretin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 71:1582-92. [DOI: 10.1107/s1399004715010585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human transthyretin (TTR) represents a notable example of an amyloidogenic protein, and several compounds that are able to stabilize its native state have been proposed as effective drugs in the therapy of TTR amyloidosis. The two thyroxine (T4) binding sites present in the TTR tetramer display negative binding cooperativity. Here, structures of TTR in complex with three natural polyphenols (pterostilbene, quercetin and apigenin) have been determined, in which this asymmetry manifests itself as the presence of a main binding site with clear ligand occupancy and related electron density and a second minor site with a much lower ligand occupancy. The results of an analysis of the structural differences between the two binding sites are consistent with such a binding asymmetry. The different ability of TTR ligands to saturate the two T4 binding sites of the tetrameric protein can be ascribed to the different affinity of ligands for the weaker binding site. In comparison, the high-affinity ligand tafamidis, co-crystallized under the same experimental conditions, was able to fully saturate the two T4 binding sites. This asymmetry is characterized by the presence of small but significant differences in the conformation of the cavity of the two binding sites. Molecular-dynamics simulations suggest the presence of even larger differences in solution. Competition binding assays carried out in solution revealed the presence of a preferential binding site in TTR for the polyphenols pterostilbene and quercetin that was different from the preferential binding site for T4. The TTR binding asymmetry could possibly be exploited for the therapy of TTR amyloidosis by using a cocktail of two drugs, each of which exhibits preferential binding for a distinct binding site, thus favouring saturation of the tetrameric protein and consequently its stabilization.
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33
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Iakovleva I, Begum A, Pokrzywa M, Walfridsson M, Sauer-Eriksson AE, Olofsson A. The flavonoid luteolin, but not luteolin-7-O-glucoside, prevents a transthyretin mediated toxic response. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128222. [PMID: 26020516 PMCID: PMC4447256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is a homotetrameric plasma protein with amyloidogenic properties that has been linked to the development of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP), familial amyloidotic cardiomyopathy, and senile systemic amyloidosis. The in vivo role of TTR is associated with transport of thyroxine hormone T4 and retinol-binding protein. Loss of the tetrameric integrity of TTR is a rate-limiting step in the process of TTR amyloid formation, and ligands with the ability to bind within the thyroxin binding site (TBS) can stabilize the tetramer, a feature that is currently used as a therapeutic approach for FAP. Several different flavonoids have recently been identified that impair amyloid formation. The flavonoid luteolin shows therapeutic potential with low incidence of unwanted side effects. In this work, we show that luteolin effectively attenuates the cytotoxic response to TTR in cultured neuronal cells and rescues the phenotype of a Drosophila melanogaster model of FAP. The plant-derived luteolin analogue cynaroside has a glucoside group in position 7 of the flavone A-ring and as opposed to luteolin is unable to stabilize TTR tetramers and thus prevents a cytotoxic effect. We generated high-resolution crystal-structures of both TTR wild type and the amyloidogenic mutant V30M in complex with luteolin. The results show that the A-ring of luteolin, in contrast to what was previously suggested, is buried within the TBS, consequently explaining the lack of activity from cynaroside. The flavonoids represent an interesting group of drug candidates for TTR amyloidosis. The present investigation shows the potential of luteolin as a stabilizer of TTR in vivo. We also show an alternative orientation of luteolin within the TBS which could represent a general mode of binding of flavonoids to TTR and is of importance concerning the future design of tetramer stabilizing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Iakovleva
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Afshan Begum
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Malin Walfridsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Anders Olofsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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34
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Malisauskas R, Botyriute A, Cannon JG, Smirnovas V. Flavone derivatives as inhibitors of insulin amyloid-like fibril formation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121231. [PMID: 25799281 PMCID: PMC4370379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several natural and synthetic flavone derivatives have been reported to inhibit formation of amyloid fibrils or to remodel existing fibrils. These studies suggest that the numbers and positions of hydroxyl groups on the flavone rings determine their effectiveness as amyloid inhibitors. In many studies the primary method for determining the effectiveness of inhibition is measuring Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence. This method demonstrably results in a number of false positives for inhibition. We studied the effects of 265 commercially available flavone derivatives on insulin fibril formation. We enhanced the effectiveness of ThT fluorescence measurements by fitting kinetic curves to obtain halftime of aggregation (t50). Maximal values of ThT fluorescence varied two fold or more in one third of all cases, but this did not correlate with changes in t50. Changes in t50 values were more accurate measures of inhibition of amyloid formation. We showed that without a change in an assay, but just by observing complete kinetic curves it is possible to eliminate numbers of false positive and sometimes even false negative results. Examining the data from all 265 flavones we confirmed previous observations that identified the importance of hydroxyl groups for inhibition. Our evidence suggests the importance of hydroxyl groups at locations 5, 6, 7, and 4', and the absence of a hydroxyl group at location 3, for inhibiting amyloid formation. However, the main conclusion is that the positions are not additive. The structures and their effects must be thought of in the context of the whole molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardas Malisauskas
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Vilnius University Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Akvile Botyriute
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Vilnius University Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jonathan G. Cannon
- Department of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Middle Georgia State College, Cochran, Georgia, USA
| | - Vytautas Smirnovas
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Vilnius University Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius, Lithuania
- * E-mail:
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35
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Yokoyama T, Kosaka Y, Mizuguchi M. Inhibitory Activities of Propolis and Its Promising Component, Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester, against Amyloidogenesis of Human Transthyretin. J Med Chem 2014; 57:8928-35. [DOI: 10.1021/jm500997m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yokoyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0914, Japan
| | - Yuto Kosaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0914, Japan
| | - Mineyuki Mizuguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0914, Japan
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36
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Transthyretin complexes with curcumin and bromo-estradiol: evaluation of solubilizing multicomponent mixtures. N Biotechnol 2014; 32:54-64. [PMID: 25224922 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Crystallographic structure determination of protein-ligand complexes of transthyretin (TTR) has been hindered by the low affinity of many compounds that bind to the central cavity of the tetramer. Because crystallization trials are carried out at protein and ligand concentration that approach the millimolar range, low affinity is less of a problem than the poor solubility of many compounds that have been shown to inhibit amyloid fibril formation. To achieve complete occupancy in co-crystallization experiments, the minimal requirement is one ligand for each of the two sites within the TTR tetramer. Here we present a new strategy for the co-crystallization of TTR using high molecular weight polyethylene glycol instead of high ionic strength precipitants, with ligands solubilized in multicomponent mixtures of compounds. This strategy is applied to the crystallization of TTR complexes with curcumin and 16α-bromo-estradiol. Here we report the crystal structures with these compounds and with the ferulic acid that results from curcumin degradation.
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37
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Yeggoni DP, Gokara M, Mark Manidhar D, Rachamallu A, Nakka S, Reddy CS, Subramanyam R. Binding and Molecular Dynamics Studies of 7-Hydroxycoumarin Derivatives with Human Serum Albumin and Its Pharmacological Importance. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:1117-31. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500051f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Darla Mark Manidhar
- Department
of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh 517502, India
| | | | | | - Cirandur Suresh Reddy
- Department
of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh 517502, India
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38
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Yokoyama T, Kosaka Y, Mizuguchi M. Crystal Structures of Human Transthyretin Complexed with Glabridin. J Med Chem 2014; 57:1090-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jm401832j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yokoyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0914, Japan
| | - Yuto Kosaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0914, Japan
| | - Mineyuki Mizuguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0914, Japan
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