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Galello F, Bermúdez-Moretti M, Martínez MCO, Rossi S, Portela P. The cAMP-PKA signalling crosstalks with CWI and HOG-MAPK pathways in yeast cell response to osmotic and thermal stress. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2024; 11:90-105. [PMID: 38495453 PMCID: PMC10941952 DOI: 10.15698/mic2024.03.818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is widely used in food and non-food industries. During industrial fermentation yeast strains are exposed to fluctuations in oxygen concentration, osmotic pressure, pH, ethanol concentration, nutrient availability and temperature. Fermentation performance depends on the ability of the yeast strains to adapt to these changes. Suboptimal conditions trigger responses to the external stimuli to allow homeostasis to be maintained. Stress-specific signalling pathways are activated to coordinate changes in transcription, translation, protein function, and metabolic fluxes while a transient arrest of growth and cell cycle progression occur. cAMP-PKA, HOG-MAPK and CWI signalling pathways are turned on during stress response. Comprehension of the mechanisms involved in the responses and in the adaptation to these stresses during fermentation is key to improving this industrial process. The scope of this review is to outline the advancement of knowledge about the cAMP-PKA signalling and the crosstalk of this pathway with the CWI and HOG-MAPK cascades in response to the environmental challenges heat and hyperosmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Galello
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IQUIBICEN-CONICET). Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Bermúdez-Moretti
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IQUIBICEN-CONICET). Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Clara Ortolá Martínez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IQUIBICEN-CONICET). Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Rossi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IQUIBICEN-CONICET). Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Portela
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IQUIBICEN-CONICET). Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Yeast Protein Kinase A Isoforms: A Means of Encoding Specificity in the Response to Diverse Stress Conditions? Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070958. [PMID: 35883514 PMCID: PMC9313097 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells have developed a complex circuitry of signalling molecules which monitor changes in their intra- and extracellular environments. One of the most widely studied signalling pathways is the highly conserved cyclic AMP (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway, which is a major glucose sensing circuit in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PKA activity regulates diverse targets in yeast, positively activating the processes that are associated with rapid cell growth (e.g., fermentative metabolism, ribosome biogenesis and cell division) and negatively regulating the processes that are associated with slow growth, such as respiratory growth, carbohydrate storage and entry into stationary phase. As in higher eukaryotes, yeast has evolved complexity at the level of the PKA catalytic subunit, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae expresses three isoforms, denoted Tpk1-3. Despite evidence for isoform differences in multiple biological processes, the molecular basis of PKA signalling specificity remains poorly defined, and many studies continue to assume redundancy with regards to PKA-mediated regulation. PKA has canonically been shown to play a key role in fine-tuning the cellular response to diverse stressors; however, recent studies have now begun to interrogate the requirement for individual PKA catalytic isoforms in coordinating distinct steps in stress response pathways. In this review, we discuss the known non-redundant functions of the Tpk catalytic subunits and the evolving picture of how these isoforms establish specificity in the response to different stress conditions.
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Kritsiligkou P, Nowicki-Osuch K, Carter Z, Kershaw CJ, Creamer DR, Weids AJ, Grant CM. Tolerance to nascent protein misfolding stress requires fine-tuning of the cAMP/PKA pathway. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100690. [PMID: 33894203 PMCID: PMC8164027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregation is the abnormal association of misfolded proteins into larger, often insoluble structures that can be toxic during aging and in protein aggregation-associated diseases. Previous research has established a role for the cytosolic Tsa1 peroxiredoxin in responding to protein misfolding stress. Tsa1 is also known to downregulate the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway as part of the response to hydrogen peroxide stress. However, whether the cAMP/PKA pathway is involved in protein misfolding stress is not known. Using transcriptomics, we examined the response to protein misfolding stress and found upregulation of numerous stress gene functions and downregulation of many genes related to protein synthesis and other growth-related processes consistent with the well-characterized environmental stress response. The scope of the transcriptional response is largely similar in wild-type and tsa1 mutant strains, but the magnitude is dampened in the strain lacking Tsa1. We identified a direct protein interaction between Tsa1 and the Bcy1 regulatory subunit of PKA that is present under normal growth conditions and explains the observed differences in gene expression profiles. This interaction is increased in a redox-dependent manner in response to nascent protein misfolding, via Tsa1-mediated oxidation of Bcy1. Oxidation of Bcy1 causes a reduction in cAMP binding by Bcy1, which dampens PKA pathway activity, leading to a targeted reprogramming of gene expression. Redox regulation of the regulatory subunit of PKA provides a mechanism to mitigate the toxic consequences of protein misfolding stress that is distinct to stress caused by exogenous sources of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karol Nowicki-Osuch
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Zorana Carter
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Chris J Kershaw
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Declan R Creamer
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alan J Weids
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Chris M Grant
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Bardeci NG, Tofolón E, Trajtenberg F, Caramelo J, Larrieux N, Rossi S, Buschiazzo A, Moreno S. The crystal structure of yeast regulatory subunit reveals key evolutionary insights into Protein Kinase A oligomerization. J Struct Biol 2021; 213:107732. [PMID: 33819633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2021.107732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein Kinase A (PKA) is a widespread enzyme that plays a key role in many signaling pathways from lower eukaryotes to metazoans. In mammals, the regulatory (R) subunits sequester and target the catalytic (C) subunits to proper subcellular locations. This targeting is accomplished by the dimerization and docking (D/D) domain of the R subunits. The activation of the holoenzyme depends on the binding of the second messenger cAMP. The only available structures of the D/D domain proceed from mammalian sources. Unlike dimeric mammalian counterparts, the R subunit from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Bcy1) forms tetramers in solution. Here we describe the first high-resolution structure of a non-mammalian D/D domain. The tetramer in the crystals of the Bcy1 D/D domain is a dimer of dimers that retain the classical D/D domain fold. By using phylogenetic and structural analyses combined with site-directed mutagenesis, we found that fungal R subunits present an insertion of a single amino acid at the D/D domain that shifts the position of a downstream, conserved arginine. This residue participates in intra-dimer interactions in mammalian D/D domains, while due to this insertion it is involved in inter-dimer contacts in Bcy1, which are crucial for the stability of the tetramer. This surprising finding challenges well-established concepts regarding the oligomeric state within the PKAR protein family and provides important insights into the yet unexplored structural diversity of the D/D domains and the molecular determinants of R subunit oligomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás González Bardeci
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina; Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina.
| | - Enzo Tofolón
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina; Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Felipe Trajtenberg
- Laboratory of Molecular and Structural Microbiology, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Julio Caramelo
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina; Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA- CONICET), Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Nicole Larrieux
- Laboratory of Molecular and Structural Microbiology, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Silvia Rossi
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina; Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Buschiazzo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Structural Microbiology, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Silvia Moreno
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina; Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina.
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cAMP-PKA signal transduction specificity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr Genet 2020; 66:1093-1099. [PMID: 32935175 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-020-01107-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Living cells have developed a set of complex signaling responses, which allow them to withstand different environmental challenges. Signaling pathways enable the cell to monitor external and internal states and to articulate the appropriate physiological responses. Cellular signal transmission requires the dynamic formation of spatiotemporal controlled molecular interactions. One of the most important signaling circuits in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the one controlled by cAMP-Protein Kinase A (PKA). In budding yeast, extracellular glucose and a plethora of signals related with growth and stress conditions regulate the intracellular cAMP levels that modulate PKA activity which in turn regulates a broad range of cellular processes. The cAMP-PKA signaling output requires a controlled specificity of the PKA responses. In this review we discuss the molecular mechanisms that are involved in the establishment of the specificity in the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway in S.cerevisiae.
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Excessive arachidonic acid induced actin bunching remodeling and podocyte injury via a PKA-c-Abl dependent pathway. Exp Cell Res 2019; 388:111808. [PMID: 31891685 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that serum secretory phospholipase A2 group IB (sPLA2-IB) is associated with proteinuric kidney diseases and plays a pivotal role in podocyte injury via its natural receptor. Arachidonic acid (AA), as a major metabolite of sPLA2-IB, regulates the actin bungling remodeling and contributes to the podocyte injury. However, the underlying mechanism of AA in the regulation of podocyte actin remodeling and human podocyte injury is unclear. Here, we reported that AA induced F-actin cytoskeletal ring formation and promoted protein kinase A (PKA), nephrin and c-Abl phosphorylation. Moreover, AA promoted c-Abl translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and increased the recruitment of c-Abl to p-nephrin by the interaction between them. H89 (PKA inhibitor) provided protection against AA-induced F-actin bunching remodeling, down-regulated nephrin phosphorylation, and suppressed the c-Abl translocation and activation. STI571 (c-Abl inhibitor) also improved the AA associated F-actin bunching remodeling. In addition, H89 and STI571 both alleviated apoptosis and adhesion damage of podocyte. These results indicate that an excess of AA treatment is detrimental to the podocyte actin cytoskeleton and promotes podocyte injury due to the activation of PKA-c-Abl signaling.
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Caza M, Kronstad JW. The cAMP/Protein Kinase a Pathway Regulates Virulence and Adaptation to Host Conditions in Cryptococcus neoformans. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:212. [PMID: 31275865 PMCID: PMC6592070 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrient sensing is critical for adaptation of fungi to environmental and host conditions. The conserved cAMP/PKA signaling pathway contributes to adaptation by sensing the availability of key nutrients such as glucose and directing changes in gene expression and metabolism. Interestingly, the cAMP/PKA pathway in fungal pathogens also influences the expression of virulence determinants in response to nutritional and host signals. For instance, protein kinase A (PKA) in the human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans plays a central role in orchestrating phenotypic changes, such as capsule elaboration and melanin production, that directly impact disease development. In this review, we focus first on insights into the role of the cAMP/PKA pathway in nutrient sensing for the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to provide a foundation for understanding the pathway in C. neoformans. We then discuss key features of cAMP/PKA signaling in C. neoformans including new insights emerging from the analysis of transcriptional and proteomic changes in strains with altered PKA activity and expression. Finally, we highlight recent studies that connect the cAMP/PKA pathway to cell surface remodeling and the formation of titan cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Caza
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - James W Kronstad
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Shwab EK, Juvvadi PR, Waitt G, Soderblom EJ, Moseley MA, Nicely NI, Steinbach WJ. Phosphorylation of Aspergillus fumigatus PkaR impacts growth and cell wall integrity through novel mechanisms. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:3730-3744. [PMID: 29067690 PMCID: PMC5705279 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase A (PKA) signaling is essential for growth and virulence of the fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. Little is known concerning the regulation of this pathway in filamentous fungi. Employing liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy, we identified novel phosphorylation sites on the regulatory subunit PkaR, distinct from those previously identified in mammals and yeasts, and demonstrated the importance of two phosphorylation clusters for hyphal growth and cell wall-stress response. We also identified key differences in the regulation of PKA subcellular localization in A. fumigatus compared with other species. This is the first analysis of the phosphoregulation of a PKA regulatory subunit in a filamentous fungus and uncovers critical mechanistic differences between PKA regulation in filamentous fungi compared with mammals and yeast species, suggesting divergent targeting opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Keats Shwab
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC, USA
| | - Praveen R. Juvvadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC, USA
| | - Greg Waitt
- Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham NC, USA
| | - Erik J. Soderblom
- Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham NC, USA
| | - M. Arthur Moseley
- Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham NC, USA
| | - Nathan I. Nicely
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - William J. Steinbach
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC, USA
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