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de Carvalho RT, Salgado LT, Amado Filho GM, Leal RN, Werckmann J, Rossi AL, Campos APC, Karez CS, Farina M. Biomineralization of calcium carbonate in the cell wall of Lithothamnion crispatum (Hapalidiales, Rhodophyta): correlation between the organic matrix and the mineral phase. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2017; 53:642-651. [PMID: 28258584 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, progress has been made toward understanding the mechanisms of coralline algae mineralization. However, the relationship between the mineral phase and the organic matrix in coralline algae has not yet been thoroughly examined. The aim of this study was to describe the cell wall ultrastructure of Lithothamnion crispatum, a cosmopolitan rhodolith-forming coralline algal species collected near Salvador (Brazil), and examine the relationship between the organic matrix and the nucleation and growth/shape modulation of calcium carbonate crystals. A nanostructured pattern was observed in L. crispatum along the cell walls. At the nanoscale, the crystals from L. crispatum consisted of several single crystallites assembled and associated with organic material. The crystallites in the bulk of the cell wall had a high level of spatial organization. However, the crystals displayed cleavages in the (104) faces after ultrathin sectioning with a microtome. This organism is an important model for biomineralization studies as the crystallographic data do not fit in any of the general biomineralization processes described for other organisms. Biomineralization in L. crispatum is dependent on both the soluble and the insoluble organic matrix, which are involved in the control of mineral formation and organizational patterns through an organic matrix-mediated process. This knowledge concerning the mineral composition and organizational patterns of crystals within the cell walls should be taken into account in future studies of changing ocean conditions as they represent important factors influencing the physico-chemical interactions between rhodoliths and the environment in coralline reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonardo Tavares Salgado
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, CEP, 22460-030, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rachel Nunes Leal
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, CEP, 22460-030, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jacques Werckmann
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CEP, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea Porto Carreiro Campos
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia, Diretoria de Metrologia Científica e Industrial, CEP, 25250-020, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Santiago Karez
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, CEP, 22460-030, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos Farina
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CEP, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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