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Zraly CB, Schultz R, Diaz MO, Dingwall AK. New twists of a TAIL: novel insights into the histone binding properties of a highly conserved PHD finger cluster within the MLR family of H3K4 mono-methyltransferases. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:9672-9689. [PMID: 37638761 PMCID: PMC10570056 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancer activation by the MLR family of H3K4 mono-methyltransferases requires proper recognition of histones for the deposition of the mono-methyl mark. MLR proteins contain two clusters of PHD zinc finger domains implicated in chromatin regulation. The second cluster is the most highly conserved, preserved as an ancient three finger functional unit throughout evolution. Studies of the isolated 3rd PHD finger within this cluster suggested specificity for the H4 [aa16-20] tail region. We determined the histone binding properties of the full three PHD finger cluster b module (PHDb) from the Drosophila Cmi protein which revealed unexpected recognition of an extended region of H3. Importantly, the zinc finger spacer separating the first two PHDb fingers from the third is critical for proper alignment and coordination among fingers for maximal histone engagement. Human homologs, MLL3 and MLL4, also show conservation of H3 binding, expanding current views of histone recognition for this class of proteins. We further implicate chromatin remodeling by the SWI/SNF complex as a possible mechanism for the accessibility of PHDb to globular regions of histone H3 beyond the tail region. Our results suggest a two-tail histone recognition mechanism by the conserved PHDb domain involving a flexible hinge to promote interdomain coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia B Zraly
- Department of Cancer Biology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Richard Schultz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Manuel O Diaz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Andrew K Dingwall
- Department of Cancer Biology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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2
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Gajjar PL, Pedroza Romo MJ, Litchfield CM, Callahan M, Redd N, Nawarathnage S, Soleimani S, Averett J, Wilson E, Lewis A, Stewart C, Tseng YJ, Doukov T, Lebedev A, Moody JD. Increasing the bulk of the 1TEL-target linker and retaining the 10×His tag in a 1TEL-CMG2-vWa construct improves crystal order and diffraction limits. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2023; 79:925-943. [PMID: 37747038 PMCID: PMC10565734 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798323007246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
TELSAM-fusion crystallization has the potential to become a revolutionary tool for the facile crystallization of proteins. TELSAM fusion can increase the crystallization rate and enable crystallization at low protein concentrations, in some cases with minimal crystal contacts [Nawarathnage et al. (2022), Open Biol. 12, 210271]. Here, requirements for the linker composition between 1TEL and a fused CMG2 vWa domain were investigated. Ala-Ala, Ala-Val, Thr-Val and Thr-Thr linkers were evaluated, comparing metrics for crystallization propensity and crystal order. The effect on crystallization of removing or retaining the purification tag was then tested. It was discovered that increasing the linker bulk and retaining the 10×His purification tag improved the diffraction resolution, likely by decreasing the number of possible vWa-domain orientations in the crystal. Additionally, it was discovered that some vWa-domain binding modes are correlated with scrambling of the 1TEL polymer orientation in crystals and an effective mitigation strategy for this pathology is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parag L. Gajjar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, 701 East University Parkway, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Maria J. Pedroza Romo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, 701 East University Parkway, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Celeste M. Litchfield
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, 701 East University Parkway, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Miles Callahan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, 701 East University Parkway, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Nathan Redd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, 701 East University Parkway, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Supeshala Nawarathnage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, 701 East University Parkway, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Sara Soleimani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, 701 East University Parkway, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Jacob Averett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, 701 East University Parkway, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Elijah Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, 701 East University Parkway, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Andrew Lewis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, 701 East University Parkway, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Cameron Stewart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, 701 East University Parkway, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Yi-Jie Tseng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, 701 East University Parkway, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Tzanko Doukov
- Macromolecular Crystallography Group, Structural Molecular Biology Resource, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Andrey Lebedev
- Scientific Computing, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - James D. Moody
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, 701 East University Parkway, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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3
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Longbotham JE, Kelly MJS, Fujimori DG. Recognition of Histone H3 Methylation States by the PHD1 Domain of Histone Demethylase KDM5A. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:1915-1925. [PMID: 33621062 PMCID: PMC8380758 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PHD reader domains are chromatin binding modules often responsible for the recruitment of large protein complexes that contain histone modifying enzymes, chromatin remodelers, and DNA repair machinery. A majority of PHD domains recognize N-terminal residues of histone H3 and are sensitive to the methylation state of Lys4 in histone H3 (H3K4). Histone demethylase KDM5A, an epigenetic eraser enzyme that contains three PHD domains, is often overexpressed in various cancers, and its demethylation activity is allosterically enhanced when its PHD1 domain is bound to the H3 tail. The allosteric regulatory function of PHD1 expands roles of reader domains, suggesting unique features of this chromatin interacting module. Our previous studies determined the H3 binding site of PHD1, although it remains unclear how the H3 tail interacts with the N-terminal residues of PHD1 and how PHD1 discriminates against H3 tails with varying degrees of H3K4 methylation. Here, we have determined the solution structure of apo and H3 bound PHD1. We observe conformational changes occurring in PHD1 in order to accommodate H3, which interestingly binds in a helical conformation. We also observe differential interactions of binding residues with differently methylated H3K4 peptides (me0, me1, me2, or me3), providing a rationale for PHD1's preference for lower methylation states of H3K4. We further assessed the contributions of various H3 interacting residues in the PHD1 domain to the binding of H3 peptides. The structural details of the H3 binding site could provide useful information to aid the development of allosteric small molecule modulators of KDM5A.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Longbotham
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, 600 16th Street, Genentech Hall, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Mark J S Kelly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, 600 16th Street, Genentech Hall, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Danica Galonić Fujimori
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, 600 16th Street, Genentech Hall, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, 600 16th Street, Genentech Hall, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, 1700 Fourth Street, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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4
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Gajjar PL, Romo MJP, Litchfield CM, Callahan M, Redd N, Nawarathnage S, Soleimani S, Averett J, Wilson E, Lewis A, Stewart C, Tseng YJJ, Doukov T, Lebedev A, Moody JD. Decreasing the flexibility of the TELSAM-target protein linker and omitting the cleavable fusion tag improves crystal order and diffraction limits. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.12.540586. [PMID: 37293010 PMCID: PMC10245584 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.12.540586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
TELSAM crystallization promises to become a revolutionary tool for the facile crystallization of proteins. TELSAM can increase the rate of crystallization and form crystals at low protein concentrations without direct contact between TELSAM polymers and, in some cases, with very minimal crystal contacts overall (Nawarathnage et al ., 2022). To further understand and characterize TELSAM-mediated crystallization, we sought to understand the requirements for the composition of the linker between TELSAM and the fused target protein. We evaluated four different linkers Ala-Ala, Ala-Val, Thr-Val, and Thr-Thr, between 1TEL and the human CMG2 vWa domain. We compared the number of successful crystallization conditions, the number of crystals, the average and best diffraction resolution, and the refinement parameters for the above constructs. We also tested the effect of the fusion protein SUMO on crystallization. We discovered that rigidification of the linker improved diffraction resolution, likely by decreasing the number of possible orientations of the vWa domains in the crystal, and that omitting the SUMO domain from the construct also improved the diffraction resolution. Synopsis We demonstrate that the TELSAM protein crystallization chaperone can enable facile protein crystallization and high-resolution structure determination. We provide evidence to support the use of short but flexible linkers between TELSAM and the protein of interest and to support the avoidance of cleavable purification tags in TELSAM-fusion constructs.
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5
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Atypical histone targets of PHD fingers. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104601. [PMID: 36907441 PMCID: PMC10124903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers are structurally conserved zinc fingers that selectively bind unmodified or methylated at lysine 4 histone H3 tails. This binding stabilizes transcription factors and chromatin-modifying proteins at specific genomic sites, which is required for vital cellular processes, including gene expression and DNA repair. Several PHD fingers have recently been shown to recognize other regions of H3 or histone H4. In this review, we detail molecular mechanisms and structural features of the non-canonical histone recognition, discuss biological implications of the atypical interactions, highlight therapeutic potential of PHD fingers, and compare inhibition strategies.
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6
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Unveiling the Metal-Dependent Aggregation Properties of the C-terminal Region of Amyloidogenic Intrinsically Disordered Protein Isoforms DPF3b and DPF3a. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315291. [PMID: 36499617 PMCID: PMC9738585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Double-PHD fingers 3 (DPF3) is a BAF-associated human epigenetic regulator, which is increasingly recognised as a major contributor to various pathological contexts, such as cardiac defects, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, we unveiled that its two isoforms (DPF3b and DPF3a) are amyloidogenic intrinsically disordered proteins. DPF3 isoforms differ from their C-terminal region (C-TERb and C-TERa), containing zinc fingers and disordered domains. Herein, we investigated the disorder aggregation properties of C-TER isoforms. In agreement with the predictions, spectroscopy highlighted a lack of a highly ordered structure, especially for C-TERa. Over a few days, both C-TERs were shown to spontaneously assemble into similar antiparallel and parallel β-sheet-rich fibrils. Altered metal homeostasis being a neurodegeneration hallmark, we also assessed the influence of divalent metal cations, namely Cu2+, Mg2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+, on the C-TER aggregation pathway. Circular dichroism revealed that metal binding does not impair the formation of β-sheets, though metal-specific tertiary structure modifications were observed. Through intrinsic and extrinsic fluorescence, we found that metal cations differently affect C-TERb and C-TERa. Cu2+ and Ni2+ have a strong inhibitory effect on the aggregation of both isoforms, whereas Mg2+ impedes C-TERb fibrillation and, on the contrary, enhances that of C-TERa. Upon Zn2+ binding, C-TERb aggregation is also hindered, and the amyloid autofluorescence of C-TERa is remarkably red-shifted. Using electron microscopy, we confirmed that the metal-induced spectral changes are related to the morphological diversity of the aggregates. While metal-treated C-TERb formed breakable and fragmented filaments, C-TERa fibrils retained their flexibility and packing properties in the presence of Mg2+ and Zn2+ cations.
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7
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Stepanov AI, Besedovskaia ZV, Moshareva MA, Lukyanov KA, Putlyaeva LV. Studying Chromatin Epigenetics with Fluorescence Microscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168988. [PMID: 36012253 PMCID: PMC9409072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications of histones (methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, etc.) are of great importance in determining the functional state of chromatin. Changes in epigenome underlay all basic biological processes, such as cell division, differentiation, aging, and cancerous transformation. Post-translational histone modifications are mainly studied by immunoprecipitation with high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-Seq). It enables an accurate profiling of target modifications along the genome, but suffers from the high cost of analysis and the inability to work with living cells. Fluorescence microscopy represents an attractive complementary approach to characterize epigenetics. It can be applied to both live and fixed cells, easily compatible with high-throughput screening, and provide access to rich spatial information down to the single cell level. In this review, we discuss various fluorescent probes for histone modification detection. Various types of live-cell imaging epigenetic sensors suitable for conventional as well as super-resolution fluorescence microscopy are described. We also focus on problems and future perspectives in the development of fluorescent probes for epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afanasii I. Stepanov
- Center of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoi Blvd. 30, Bld. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Zlata V. Besedovskaia
- Center of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoi Blvd. 30, Bld. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria A. Moshareva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklay St. 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin A. Lukyanov
- Center of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoi Blvd. 30, Bld. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (K.A.L.); (L.V.P.)
| | - Lidia V. Putlyaeva
- Center of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoi Blvd. 30, Bld. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (K.A.L.); (L.V.P.)
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8
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Mignon J, Mottet D, Leyder T, Uversky VN, Perpète EA, Michaux C. Structural characterisation of amyloidogenic intrinsically disordered zinc finger protein isoforms DPF3b and DPF3a. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 218:57-71. [PMID: 35863661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Double PHD fingers 3 (DPF3) is a zinc finger protein, found in the BAF chromatin remodelling complex, and is involved in the regulation of gene expression. Two DPF3 isoforms have been identified, respectively named DPF3b and DPF3a. Very limited structural information is available for these isoforms, and their specific functionality still remains poorly studied. In a previous work, we have demonstrated the first evidence of DPF3a being a disordered protein sensitive to amyloid fibrillation. Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) lack a defined tertiary structure, existing as a dynamic conformational ensemble, allowing them to act as hubs in protein-protein interaction networks. In the present study, we have more thoroughly characterised DPF3a in vitro behaviour, as well as unravelled and compared the structural properties of the DPF3b isoform, using an array of predictors and biophysical techniques. Predictions, spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering have revealed a high content in disorder: prevalence of random coil, aromatic residues partially to fully exposed to the solvent, and large hydrodynamic diameters. DPF3a appears to be more disordered than DPF3b, and exhibits more expanded conformations. Furthermore, we have shown that they both time-dependently aggregate into amyloid fibrils, as revealed by typical circular dichroism, deep-blue autofluorescence, and amyloid-dye binding assay fingerprints. Although spectroscopic and microscopic analyses have unveiled that they share a similar aggregation pathway, DPF3a fibrillates at a faster rate, likely through reordering of its C-terminal domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Mignon
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique des Biomolécules, UCPTS, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium; Namur Institute of Structured Matter (NISM), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium; Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.
| | - Denis Mottet
- University of Liège, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, Gene Expression and Cancer Laboratory, B34, Avenue de l'Hôpital, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Tanguy Leyder
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique des Biomolécules, UCPTS, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.
| | - Eric A Perpète
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique des Biomolécules, UCPTS, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium; Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium; Institute of Life, Earth and Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.
| | - Catherine Michaux
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique des Biomolécules, UCPTS, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium; Namur Institute of Structured Matter (NISM), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium; Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.
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9
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Conserved Structure and Evolution of DPF Domain of PHF10-The Specific Subunit of PBAF Chromatin Remodeling Complex. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011134. [PMID: 34681795 PMCID: PMC8538644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription activation factors and multisubunit coactivator complexes get recruited at specific chromatin sites via protein domains that recognize histone modifications. Single PHDs (plant homeodomains) interact with differentially modified H3 histone tails. Double PHD finger (DPF) domains possess a unique structure different from PHD and are found in six proteins: histone acetyltransferases MOZ and MORF; chromatin remodeling complex BAF (DPF1–3); and chromatin remodeling complex PBAF (PHF10). Among them, PHF10 stands out due to the DPF sequence, structure, and functions. PHF10 is ubiquitously expressed in developing and adult organisms as four isoforms differing in structure (the presence or absence of DPF) and transcription regulation functions. Despite the importance of the DPF domain of PHF10 for transcription activation, its structure remains undetermined. We performed homology modeling of the human PHF10 DPF domain and determined common and distinct features in structure and histone modifications recognition capabilities, which can affect PBAF complex chromatin recruitment. We also traced the evolution of DPF1–3 and PHF10 genes from unicellular to vertebrate organisms. The data reviewed suggest that the DPF domain of PHF10 plays an important role in SWI/SNF-dependent chromatin remodeling during transcription activation.
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10
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The BAF chromatin remodeling complexes: structure, function, and synthetic lethalities. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1489-1503. [PMID: 34431497 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BAF complexes are multi-subunit chromatin remodelers, which have a fundamental role in genomic regulation. Large-scale sequencing efforts have revealed frequent BAF complex mutations in many human diseases, particularly in cancer and neurological disorders. These findings not only underscore the importance of the BAF chromatin remodelers in cellular physiological processes, but urge a more detailed understanding of their structure and molecular action to enable the development of targeted therapeutic approaches for diseases with BAF complex alterations. Here, we review recent progress in understanding the composition, assembly, structure, and function of BAF complexes, and the consequences of their disease-associated mutations. Furthermore, we highlight intra-complex subunit dependencies and synthetic lethal interactions, which have emerged as promising treatment modalities for BAF-related diseases.
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11
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Mignon J, Mottet D, Verrillo G, Matagne A, Perpète EA, Michaux C. Revealing Intrinsic Disorder and Aggregation Properties of the DPF3a Zinc Finger Protein. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:18793-18801. [PMID: 34337219 PMCID: PMC8319922 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Double PHD fingers 3 (DPF3) is a human epigenetic factor found in the multiprotein BRG1-associated factor (BAF) chromatin remodeling complex. It has two isoforms: DPF3b and DPF3a, but very little is known about the latter. Despite the lack of structural data, it has been established that DPF3a is involved in various protein-protein interactions and that it is subject to phosphorylation. These features are typical of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) for which the disorder is essential to their functionality. IDPs are also prone to aggregation and can assemble into cytotoxic amyloid fibrils in specific pathological contexts. In the present work, the DPF3a disordered nature and propensity to aggregation have been investigated using a combination of disorder predictors and biophysical methods. The DPF3a-predicted disordered character has been correlated to a characteristic random coil signal in far-UV circular dichroism (CD) and to a fluorescence emission band typical of Trp residues fully exposed to the solvent. After DPF3a purification and 24 h of incubation at room temperature, dynamic light scattering confirmed the presence of DPF3a aggregates whose amyloid nature have been highlighted by a specific deep-blue autofluorescence signature, as well as by an increase in thioflavin T fluorescence upon binding. These results are supported by an enrichment in twisted β-sheets as observed in far-UV CD and a blue shift in intrinsic Trp fluorescence. Both indicate that DPF3a spontaneously tends to orderly aggregate into amyloid fibrils. The diversity of optical signatures originates from dynamical transitions between the disordered and aggregated states of the protein during the incubation. Transmission electron microscopy micrographs reveal that the DPF3a fibrillation process leads to the formation of short needle-shape filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Mignon
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique des Biomolécules, UCPTS, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Denis Mottet
- GIGA-Molecular
Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue
de l’Hôpital 11, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Giulia Verrillo
- GIGA-Molecular
Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue
de l’Hôpital 11, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - André Matagne
- Laboratoire
d’Enzymologie et Repliement des Protéine, Centre d’Ingénierie
des Protéines, InBioS, University
of Liège, Building B6C, Quartier Agora, Allée du 6 Août 13, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Eric A. Perpète
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique des Biomolécules, UCPTS, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
- Namur
Institute of Structured Matter, University
of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium
- Institute
of Life-Earth-Environment, University of
Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Catherine Michaux
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique des Biomolécules, UCPTS, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
- Namur
Institute of Structured Matter, University
of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium
- Namur
Research
Institute for Life Sciences, University
of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium
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12
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Zhang Y, Jang Y, Lee JE, Ahn J, Xu L, Holden MR, Cornett EM, Krajewski K, Klein BJ, Wang SP, Dou Y, Roeder RG, Strahl BD, Rothbart SB, Shi X, Ge K, Kutateladze TG. Selective binding of the PHD6 finger of MLL4 to histone H4K16ac links MLL4 and MOF. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2314. [PMID: 31127101 PMCID: PMC6534582 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10324-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone methyltransferase MLL4 is centrally involved in transcriptional regulation and is often mutated in human diseases, including cancer and developmental disorders. MLL4 contains a catalytic SET domain that mono-methylates histone H3K4 and seven PHD fingers of unclear function. Here, we identify the PHD6 finger of MLL4 (MLL4-PHD6) as a selective reader of the epigenetic modification H4K16ac. The solution NMR structure of MLL4-PHD6 in complex with a H4K16ac peptide along with binding and mutational analyses reveal unique mechanistic features underlying recognition of H4K16ac. Genomic studies show that one third of MLL4 chromatin binding sites overlap with H4K16ac-enriched regions in vivo and that MLL4 occupancy in a set of genomic targets depends on the acetyltransferase activity of MOF, a H4K16ac-specific acetyltransferase. The recognition of H4K16ac is conserved in the PHD7 finger of paralogous MLL3. Together, our findings reveal a previously uncharacterized acetyllysine reader and suggest that selective targeting of H4K16ac by MLL4 provides a direct functional link between MLL4, MOF and H4K16 acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Younghoon Jang
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ji-Eun Lee
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - JaeWoo Ahn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Longxia Xu
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Michael R Holden
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Evan M Cornett
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Krzysztof Krajewski
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Brianna J Klein
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Shu-Ping Wang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yali Dou
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Robert G Roeder
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Brian D Strahl
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Scott B Rothbart
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Xiaobing Shi
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Kai Ge
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Tatiana G Kutateladze
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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13
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Liang X, Lei M, Li F, Yang X, Zhou M, Li B, Cao Y, Gong S, Liu K, Liu J, Qi C, Liu Y. Family-Wide Characterization of Histone Binding Abilities of PHD Domains of AL Proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana. Protein J 2019; 37:531-538. [PMID: 30259302 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-018-9796-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Alfin1-like (AL) is a family of proteins homologous to the alfalfa Alfin1 in plant and bears an Alfin domain and a PHD domain at their N- and C-terminus, respectively. There are 7 AL proteins in Arabidopsis, and the PHD domains of most AL proteins are reported to bind to histone H3K4me3. Here we reported gene cloning, protein expression and purification of the PHD domains of all the AL family proteins in Arabidopsis. We then systematically characterized their histone binding abilities by quantitative isothermal titration calorimetry and fluorescence polarization binding assays. Our binding results indicate that all the PHD domains of the AL proteins bind to the histone H3K4me3 peptide with varying methylation state preference and binding affinities. Our study presented here provides the foundation for further studies of the peptide state-specific recognition by PHD domains of AL proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Lei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangzhou Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiajie Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqi Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Siying Gong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlin Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Qi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Mi W, Zhang Y, Lyu J, Wang X, Tong Q, Peng D, Xue Y, Tencer AH, Wen H, Li W, Kutateladze TG, Shi X. The ZZ-type zinc finger of ZZZ3 modulates the ATAC complex-mediated histone acetylation and gene activation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3759. [PMID: 30217978 PMCID: PMC6138639 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06247-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recognition of histones by epigenetic readers is a fundamental mechanism for the regulation of chromatin and transcription. Most reader modules target specific post-translational modifications on histones. Here, we report the identification of a reader of histone H3, the ZZ-type zinc finger (ZZ) domain of ZZZ3, a subunit of the Ada-two-A-containing (ATAC) histone acetyltransferase complex. The solution NMR structure of the ZZ in complex with the H3 peptide reveals a unique binding mechanism involving caging of the N-terminal Alanine 1 of histone H3 in an acidic cavity of the ZZ domain, indicating a specific recognition of H3 versus other histones. Depletion of ZZZ3 or disruption of the ZZ-H3 interaction dampens ATAC-dependent promoter histone H3K9 acetylation and target gene expression. Overall, our study identifies the ZZ domain of ZZZ3 as a histone H3 reader that is required for the ATAC complex-mediated maintenance of histone acetylation and gene activation. Histones are recognized by epigenetic readers, which play essential roles in regulation of chromatin and transcription. Here the authors provide evidence that the ZZ-type zinc finger domain of ZZZ3 functions as a reader of histone H3, which is required for the ATAC complex-mediated maintenance of histone acetylation and gene activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Mi
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.,Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 49503, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA
| | - Jie Lyu
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.,Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 49503, USA
| | - Qiong Tong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA
| | - Danni Peng
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Yongming Xue
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Adam H Tencer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA
| | - Hong Wen
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.,Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 49503, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Tatiana G Kutateladze
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA.
| | - Xiaobing Shi
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA. .,Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 49503, USA.
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15
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Boamah D, Lin T, Poppinga FA, Basu S, Rahman S, Essel F, Chakravarty S. Characteristics of a PHD Finger Subtype. Biochemistry 2018; 57:525-539. [PMID: 29253329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although the plant homeodomain (PHD) finger superfamily is known for its site-specific readouts of histone tails, the origins of the mechanistic differences in histone H3 readout by different PHD subtypes remain less clear. We show that sequences containing the xCDxCDx motif in the PHD treble clef (xCDxCDx-PHD) constitute a distinct subtype, based on the following observations: (i) the amino acid composition of the binding site is strikingly different from other subtypes due to position-specific enrichment of negatively charged and bulky nonpolar residues, (ii) the binding site positions are mutually and positively correlated, and this correlation is absent in other subtypes, and (iii) there are only small structural deviations, despite low sequence similarity. The xCDxCDx-PHD constitutes ∼20% of the PHD family, and the double PHD fingers (DPFs) are 10% of the total number of xCDxCDx-PHDs. This subtype originated early in the evolution of eukaryotes but has diversified within the metazoan lineage. Despite sequence diversification, the positions of the enriched nonpolar residues, in particular, show very small structural deviations, suggesting critical contributions of nonpolar residues in the binding mechanism of this subtype. Using mutagenesis, we probed the contributions of the binding-site positions enriched in nonpolar residues in four xCDxCDx-PHD proteins and found that they contribute to the tight packing of the H3 residues. This effect may potentially be exploited, as we observed affinity enhancement upon substituting a bulky nonpolar residue at the same binding site in another histone reader. Overall, we present a detailed characterization of PHD subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Boamah
- Chemistry & Biochemistry, South Dakota State University , Brookings, South Dakota 57007, United States
| | - Tao Lin
- Chemistry & Biochemistry, South Dakota State University , Brookings, South Dakota 57007, United States
| | - Franchesca A Poppinga
- Chemistry & Biochemistry, South Dakota State University , Brookings, South Dakota 57007, United States
| | - Shraddha Basu
- Chemistry & Biochemistry, South Dakota State University , Brookings, South Dakota 57007, United States
| | - Shahariar Rahman
- Chemistry & Biochemistry, South Dakota State University , Brookings, South Dakota 57007, United States
| | - Francisca Essel
- Chemistry & Biochemistry, South Dakota State University , Brookings, South Dakota 57007, United States
| | - Suvobrata Chakravarty
- Chemistry & Biochemistry, South Dakota State University , Brookings, South Dakota 57007, United States.,BioSNTR, Brookings, South Dakota 57007, United States
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16
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Local A, Huang H, Albuquerque CP, Singh N, Lee AY, Wang W, Wang C, Hsia JE, Shiau AK, Ge K, Corbett KD, Wang D, Zhou H, Ren B. Identification of H3K4me1-associated proteins at mammalian enhancers. Nat Genet 2018; 50:73-82. [PMID: 29255264 PMCID: PMC6007000 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-017-0015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Enhancers act to regulate cell-type-specific gene expression by facilitating the transcription of target genes. In mammalian cells, active or primed enhancers are commonly marked by monomethylation of histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me1) in a cell-type-specific manner. Whether and how this histone modification regulates enhancer-dependent transcription programs in mammals is unclear. In this study, we conducted SILAC mass spectrometry experiments with mononucleosomes and identified multiple H3K4me1-associated proteins, including many involved in chromatin remodeling. We demonstrate that H3K4me1 augments association of the chromatin-remodeling complex BAF to enhancers in vivo and that, in vitro, H3K4me1-marked nucleosomes are more efficiently remodeled by the BAF complex. Crystal structures of the BAF component BAF45C indicate that monomethylation, but not trimethylation, is accommodated by BAF45C's H3K4-binding site. Our results suggest that H3K4me1 has an active role at enhancers by facilitating binding of the BAF complex and possibly other chromatin regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Local
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Aptose Biosciences, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hui Huang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Namit Singh
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ah Young Lee
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chaochen Wang
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Judy E Hsia
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Kai Ge
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin D Corbett
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dong Wang
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Huilin Zhou
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bing Ren
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Center for Epigenomics, Institute of Genomic Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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17
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Structural basis of molecular recognition of helical histone H3 tail by PHD finger domains. Biochem J 2017; 474:1633-1651. [PMID: 28341809 PMCID: PMC5415848 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20161053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers are among the largest family of epigenetic domains, first characterized as readers of methylated H3K4. Readout of histone post-translational modifications by PHDs has been the subject of intense investigation; however, less is known about the recognition of secondary structure features within the histone tail itself. We solved the crystal structure of the PHD finger of the bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger 2A [BAZ2A, also known as TIP5 (TTF-I/interacting protein 5)] in complex with unmodified N-terminal histone H3 tail. The peptide is bound in a helical folded-back conformation after K4, induced by an acidic patch on the protein surface that prevents peptide binding in an extended conformation. Structural bioinformatics analyses identify a conserved Asp/Glu residue that we name ‘acidic wall’, found to be mutually exclusive with the conserved Trp for K4Me recognition. Neutralization or inversion of the charges at the acidic wall patch in BAZ2A, and homologous BAZ2B, weakened H3 binding. We identify simple mutations on H3 that strikingly enhance or reduce binding, as a result of their stabilization or destabilization of H3 helicity. Our work unravels the structural basis for binding of the helical H3 tail by PHD fingers and suggests that molecular recognition of secondary structure motifs within histone tails could represent an additional layer of regulation in epigenetic processes.
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