1
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Gotnayer Lilian L, Nahmias Y, Yazbek Grobman G, Friedlander L, Aranovich D, Yoel U, Vidavsky N. The interplay between crystallinity and the levels of Zn and carbonate in synthetic microcalcifications directs thyroid cell malignancy. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:4509-4520. [PMID: 38647022 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02256k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
One of the key challenges in diagnosing thyroid cancer lies in the substantial percentage of indeterminate diagnoses of thyroid nodules that have undergone ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy for cytological evaluation. This delays the definitive diagnosis and treatment plans. We recently demonstrated that hydroxyapatite microcalcifications (MCs) aspirated from thyroid nodules may aid nodule diagnosis based on their composition. In particular, Zn-enriched MCs have emerged as potential cancer biomarkers. However, a pertinent question remains: is the elevated Zn content within MCs a consequence of cancer, or do the Zn-enriched MCs encourage tumorigenesis? To address this, we treated the human thyroid cancer cell line MDA-T32 with synthetic MC analogs comprising hydroxyapatite crystals with varied pathologically relevant Zn fractions and assessed the cellular response. The MC analogs exhibited an irregular surface morphology similar to FNA MCs observed in cancerous thyroid nodules. These MC analogs displayed an inverse relationship between Zn fraction and crystallinity, as shown by X-ray diffractometry. The zeta potential of the non-Zn-bearing hydroxyapatite crystals was negative, which decreased once Zn was incorporated into the crystal. The MC analogs were not cytotoxic. The cellular response to exposure to these crystals was evaluated in terms of cell migration, proliferation, the tendency of the cells to form multicellular spheroids, and the expression of cancer markers. Our findings suggest that, if thyroid MCs play a role in promoting cancerous behavior in vivo, it is likely a result of the interplay of crystallinity with Zn and carbonate fractions in MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotem Gotnayer Lilian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Yarden Nahmias
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Gabriel Yazbek Grobman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Lonia Friedlander
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Dina Aranovich
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Uri Yoel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Endocrinology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Netta Vidavsky
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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2
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Morasso C, Vanna R, Piccotti F, Frizzi L, Truffi M, Albasini S, Borca C, Huthwelker T, Villani L, Bunk O, Giannini C, Corsi F. Whitlockite has a characteristic distribution in mammary microcalcifications and it is not associated with breast cancer. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2023; 43:1169-1173. [PMID: 37688557 PMCID: PMC10565373 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Morasso
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCSPaviaItaly
| | - Renzo Vanna
- National Research Council (IFN‐CNR)Institute for Photonics and NanotechnologiesMilanItaly
| | | | - Lidia Frizzi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCSPaviaItaly
| | - Marta Truffi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCSPaviaItaly
| | - Sara Albasini
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCSPaviaItaly
| | | | | | - Laura Villani
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCSPaviaItaly
| | - Oliver Bunk
- Paul Scherrer InstitutVilligen PSISwitzerland
| | - Cinzia Giannini
- National Research CouncilInstitute of CrystallographyBariItaly
| | - Fabio Corsi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCSPaviaItaly
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical SciencesUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
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3
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Keeling GP, Baark F, Katsamenis OL, Xue J, Blower PJ, Bertazzo S, T M de Rosales R. 68Ga-bisphosphonates for the imaging of extraosseous calcification by positron emission tomography. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14611. [PMID: 37669973 PMCID: PMC10480432 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41149-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiolabelled bisphosphonates (BPs) and [18F]NaF (18F-fluoride) are the two types of radiotracers available to image calcium mineral (e.g. bone), yet only [18F]NaF has been widely explored for the non-invasive molecular imaging of extraosseous calcification (EC) using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. These two radiotracers bind calcium mineral deposits via different mechanisms, with BPs chelating to calcium ions and thus being non-selective, and [18F]NaF being selective for hydroxyapatite (HAp) which is the main component of bone mineral. Considering that the composition of EC has been reported to include a diverse range of non-HAp calcium minerals, we hypothesised that BPs may be more sensitive for imaging EC due to their ability to bind to both HAp and non-HAp deposits. We report a comparison between the 68Ga-labelled BP tracer [68Ga]Ga-THP-Pam and [18F]NaF for PET imaging in a rat model of EC that develops macro- and microcalcifications in several organs. Macrocalcifications were identified using preclinical computed tomography (CT) and microcalcifications were identified using µCT-based 3D X-ray histology (XRH) on isolated organs ex vivo. The morphological and mineral analysis of individual calcified deposits was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). PET imaging and ex vivo analysis results demonstrated that while both radiotracers behave similarly for bone imaging, the BP-based radiotracer [68Ga]Ga-THP-Pam was able to detect EC more sensitively in several organs in which the mineral composition departs from that of HAp. Our results strongly suggest that BP-based PET radiotracers such as [68Ga]Ga-THP-Pam may have a particular advantage for the sensitive imaging and early detection of EC by being able to detect a wider array of relevant calcium minerals in vivo than [18F]NaF, and should be evaluated clinically for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- George P Keeling
- Department of Imaging Chemistry & Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Friedrich Baark
- Department of Imaging Chemistry & Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Orestis L Katsamenis
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Highfield Campus, µ-VIS X-Ray Imaging Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Jing Xue
- Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Malet Place Engineering Building, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Philip J Blower
- Department of Imaging Chemistry & Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Sergio Bertazzo
- Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Malet Place Engineering Building, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Rafael T M de Rosales
- Department of Imaging Chemistry & Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
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4
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Cohen A, Gotnayer L, Gal S, Aranovich D, Vidavsky N. Multicellular spheroids containing synthetic mineral particles: an advanced 3D tumor model system to investigate breast precancer malignancy potential according to the mineral type. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:8033-8045. [PMID: 37534429 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00439b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Mineral particles that form in soft tissues in association with disease conditions are heterogeneous in their composition and physiochemical properties. Hence, it is challenging to study the effect of mineral type on disease progression in a high-throughput and realistic manner. For example, most early breast precancer lesions, termed ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), contain microcalcifications (MCs), calcium-containing pathological minerals. The most common type of MCs is calcium phosphate crystals, mainly carbonated apatite; it is associated with either benign or malignant lesions. In vitro studies indicate that the crystal properties of apatite MCs can affect breast cancer progression. A less common type of MCs is calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD), which is almost always found in benign lesions. We developed a 3D tumor model of multicellular spheroids of human precancer cells containing synthetic MC analogs that link the crystal properties of MCs with the progression of breast precancer to invasive cancer. Using this 3D model, we show that apatite crystals induce Her2 overexpression in DCIS cells. This tumor-triggering effect is increased when the carbonate fraction in the MCs decreases. COD crystals, in contrast, decrease Her2 expression in the spheroids, even compared with a control group with no added MC analogs. Furthermore, COD decreases cell proliferation and migration in DCIS monolayers compared to untreated cells and cells incubated with apatite crystals. This finding suggests that COD is not randomly located only in benign lesions-it may actively contribute to suppressing precancer progression in its surroundings. Our model provides an easy-to-manipulate platform to better understand the interactions between mineral particles and their biological microenvironment. A better understanding of the effect of the crystal properties of MCs on precancer progression will potentially provide new directions for better precancer prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Cohen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Lotem Gotnayer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Sahar Gal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Dina Aranovich
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Netta Vidavsky
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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Porcelli F, Verri M, De Santis S, Crescenzi A, Bianchi A, Felici AC, Sotgiu G, Romano S, Orsini M. Considerations on chemical composition of psammoma bodies: Automated detection strategy by infrared microspectroscopy in ovarian and thyroid cancer tissues. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 298:122792. [PMID: 37156176 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Ectopic calcifications are observed in many soft tissues and are associated with several diseases, including cancer. The mechanism of their formation and the correlation with disease progression are often unclear. Detailed knowledge of the chemical composition of these inorganic formations can be very helpful in better understanding their relationship with unhealthy tissue. In addition, information on microcalcifications can be very useful for early diagnosis and provide insight into prognosis. In this work the chemical composition of psammoma bodies (PBs) found in tissues of human ovarian serous tumors was examined. The analysis using Micro Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (micro-FTIR) revealed that these microcalcifications contain amorphous calcium carbonate phosphate. Moreover, some PB grains showed the presence of phospholipids. This interesting result corroborates the proposed formation mechanism reported in many studies according to which ovarian cancer cells switch to a calcifying phenotype by inducing the deposition of calcifications. In addition, other techniques as X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF), Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy(ICP-OES) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) were performed on the PBs from ovary tissues to determine the elements present. The PBs found in ovarian serous cancer showed a composition comparable to PBs isolated from papillary thyroid. Based on the chemical similarity of IR spectra, using micro-FTIR spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis, an automatic recognition method was constructed. With this prediction model it was possible to identify PBs microcalcifications in tissues of both ovarian cancers, regardless of tumor grade, and thyroid cancer with high sensitivity. Such approach could become a valuable tool for routine macrocalcification detection because it eliminates sample staining, and the subjectivity of conventional histopathological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Porcelli
- Department of Industrial, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, Roma Tre University, Via Vito Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Verri
- Pathology Unit, University Hospital Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena De Santis
- Department of Industrial, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, Roma Tre University, Via Vito Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Crescenzi
- Pathology Unit, University Hospital Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Anna Candida Felici
- Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering, Sapienza University, Via A. Scarpa 16, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sotgiu
- Department of Industrial, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, Roma Tre University, Via Vito Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Romano
- Department of Industrial, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, Roma Tre University, Via Vito Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Orsini
- Department of Industrial, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, Roma Tre University, Via Vito Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, Italy.
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6
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Bouzy P, Lyburn ID, Pinder SE, Scott R, Mansfield J, Moger J, Greenwood C, Bouybayoune I, Cornford E, Rogers K, Stone N. Exploration of utility of combined optical photothermal infrared and Raman imaging for investigating the chemical composition of microcalcifications in breast cancer. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:1620-1630. [PMID: 36880909 PMCID: PMC10065137 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01197b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Microcalcifications play an important role in cancer detection. They are evaluated by their radiological and histological characteristics but it is challenging to find a link between their morphology, their composition and the nature of a specific type of breast lesion. Whilst there are some mammographic features that are either typically benign or typically malignant often the appearances are indeterminate. Here, we explore a large range of vibrational spectroscopic and multiphoton imaging techniques in order to gain more information about the composition of the microcalcifications. For the first time, we validated the presence of carbonate ions in the microcalcifications by O-PTIR and Raman spectroscopy at the same time, the same location and the same high resolution (0.5 μm). Furthermore, the use of multiphoton imaging allowed us to create stimulated Raman histology (SRH) images which mimic histological images with all chemical information. In conclusion, we established a protocol for efficiently analysing the microcalcifications by iteratively refining the area of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascaline Bouzy
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - Iain D Lyburn
- Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, UK
- Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Sarah E Pinder
- King's College London, Comprehensive Cancer Centre at Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Robert Scott
- Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, UK
| | | | - Julian Moger
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - Charlene Greenwood
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Ihssane Bouybayoune
- King's College London, Comprehensive Cancer Centre at Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Keith Rogers
- Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, UK
| | - Nick Stone
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
- Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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7
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Gotnayer L, Aranovich D, Fraenkel M, Yoel U, Vidavsky N. Zinc in microscopic calcifications isolated from thyroid fine needle aspiration may serve as a biomarker of thyroid nodule malignancy: A promising proof-of-concept. Acta Biomater 2023; 161:275-284. [PMID: 36931418 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid nodules (TNs) are common neck ultrasonography (US) findings, yet only 5-10% of these nodules harbor thyroid cancer (TC). When US characteristics are consistent with an intermediate or high suspicion for TN malignancy, fine needle aspiration for cytology (FNAC) is indicated. The main limitation of FNAC is that cytological results can be indeterminate in up to 30% of cases, necessitating reevaluation through repeated FNAC, expensive molecular testing, or diagnostic thyroid lobe resection. As such, there is a need for further refinement of current diagnostic algorithms for TNs without subjecting patients to additional invasive procedures. As calcifications detected during thyroid US are considered a high-risk feature for malignancy, we used the material remaining following routine thyroid FNAC to isolate microscopic calcifications (MCs). We then characterized the elemental composition, morphology, and crystal phases of these MCs, ultimately revealing differences between the MCs from benign and malignant TNs. Specifically, thyroid MCs were identified as calcium phosphate crystals containing varying levels of magnesium, sodium, iron, and zinc. MCs obtained from malignant TNs, mainly papillary thyroid carcinoma, were composed of sub-micrometer spherical particles, whereas MCs from benign TNs consisted of faceted particles. While samples from most patients with a final diagnosis of malignant TNs (50% of them with indeterminate cytology) harbored zinc-containing MCs, zinc was largely absent in MCs from benign TNs (23% with indeterminate or non-diagnostic cytology). Together, these data suggest that the presence of zinc in MCs isolated from samples collected during routine FNAC may potentially offer value as a biomarker of TN malignancy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: As up to 40% of patients assessed for thyroid malignancy do not receive a definite diagnosis following thyroid nodule (TN) fine needle aspiration (FNA), there is a pressing need to improve the accuracy of current diagnostic algorithms. Chemical analyses of microscopic calcifications (MCs) may serve as a diagnostic target. We developed a straightforward protocol to chemically characterize MCs from excess material collected from TNs during routine FNA and found that these MCs differed between benign and malignant TNs. Specifically, zinc in TN-derived MCs may indicate a higher nodule malignancy risk, thus increasing the diagnostic accuracy of the FNA procedure, reducing the need for recurrent biopsies and diagnostic surgical procedures, and decreasing the costs, uncertainty, and stress faced by affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotem Gotnayer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Dina Aranovich
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Merav Fraenkel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel; Endocrinology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Uri Yoel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel; Endocrinology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Netta Vidavsky
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel; Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
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8
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Kunitake JA, Sudilovsky D, Johnson LM, Loh HC, Choi S, Morris PG, Jochelson MS, Iyengar NM, Morrow M, Masic A, Fischbach C, Estroff LA. Biomineralogical signatures of breast microcalcifications. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade3152. [PMID: 36812311 PMCID: PMC9946357 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade3152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Microcalcifications, primarily biogenic apatite, occur in cancerous and benign breast pathologies and are key mammographic indicators. Outside the clinic, numerous microcalcification compositional metrics (e.g., carbonate and metal content) are linked to malignancy, yet microcalcification formation is dependent on microenvironmental conditions, which are notoriously heterogeneous in breast cancer. We interrogate multiscale heterogeneity in 93 calcifications from 21 breast cancer patients using an omics-inspired approach: For each microcalcification, we define a "biomineralogical signature" combining metrics derived from Raman microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. We observe that (i) calcifications cluster into physiologically relevant groups reflecting tissue type and local malignancy; (ii) carbonate content exhibits substantial intratumor heterogeneity; (iii) trace metals including zinc, iron, and aluminum are enhanced in malignant-localized calcifications; and (iv) the lipid-to-protein ratio within calcifications is lower in patients with poor composite outcome, suggesting that there is potential clinical value in expanding research on calcification diagnostic metrics to include "mineral-entrapped" organic matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Sudilovsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cayuga Medical Center at Ithaca, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
- Pathology Department, Kingman Regional Medical Center, Kingman, AZ 86409, USA
- Pathology Department, Western Arizona Medical Center, Bullhead City, AZ 86442, USA
- Pathology Department, Yuma Regional Medical Center, Yuma, AZ 85364, USA
| | - Lynn M. Johnson
- Cornell Statistical Consulting Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Hyun-Chae Loh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Siyoung Choi
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Patrick G. Morris
- Medical Oncology Service, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Breast Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center/Evelyn H. Lauder Breast and Imaging Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Maxine S. Jochelson
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center/Evelyn H. Lauder Breast and Imaging Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Neil M. Iyengar
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Monica Morrow
- Breast Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Admir Masic
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Corresponding author. (L.A.E.); (C.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Claudia Fischbach
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
- Corresponding author. (L.A.E.); (C.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Lara A. Estroff
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
- Corresponding author. (L.A.E.); (C.F.); (A.M.)
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Tomášek A, Maňoušek J, Kuta J, Hlásenský J, Křen L, Šindler M, Zelený M, Kala P, Němec P. Metals and Trace Elements in Calcified Valves in Patients with Acquired Severe Aortic Valve Stenosis: Is There a Connection with the Degeneration Process? J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13020320. [PMID: 36836554 PMCID: PMC9967375 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquired calcified aortic valve stenosis is the most common valve disease in adulthood. In the etiopathogenesis of this complex pathology, the importance of inflammation is mentioned, in which non-infectious influences represented by the biological effects of metal pollutants may participate. The main goal of the study was to determine the concentration of 21 metals and trace elements-aluminium (Al), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), chrome (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), gold (Au), lead (Pb), magnesium (Mg), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), phosphorus (P), selenium (Se), strontium (Sr), sulfur (S), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V) and zinc (Zn)-in the tissue of calcified aortic valves and to compare them with the concentrations of the same elements in the tissue of healthy aortic valves in the control group. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study group consisted of 49 patients (25 men, mean age: 74) with acquired, severe, calcified aortic valve stenosis with indicated heart surgery. The control group included 34 deceased (20 men, median age: 53) with no evidence of heart disease. Calcified valves were explanted during cardiac surgery and deep frozen. Similarly, the valves of the control group were removed. All valves were lyophilized and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The concentrations of selected elements were compared by means of standard statistical methods. RESULTS Calcified aortic valves contained significantly higher (p < 0.05) concentrations of Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Mg, P, Pb, Se, Sn, Sr and Zn and-in contrast-lower concentrations of Cd, Cu, Mo, S and V than valves of the control group. Significant positive correlations of concentrations between the pairs Ca-P, Cu-S and Se-S and strong negative correlations between the elements Mg-Se, P-S and Ca-S were found in the affected valves. CONCLUSION Aortic valve calcification is associated with increased tissue accumulation of the majority of the analyzed elements, including metal pollutants. Some exposure factors may increase their accumulation in the valve tissue. A relationship between exposure to environmental burden and the aortic valve calcification process cannot be ruled out. Advances in histochemical and imaging techniques allowing imaging of metal pollutants directly in valve tissue may represent an important future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleš Tomášek
- Centre for Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation, Pekařská 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Maňoušek
- Department of Internal Cardiology Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Jihlavská 20, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kuta
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Hlásenský
- Department of Internal Cardiology Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Jihlavská 20, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-532-232-454
| | - Leoš Křen
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Jihlavská 20, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Šindler
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, St Anne’s University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Tvrdého 2a, 662 99 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Zelený
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, St Anne’s University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Tvrdého 2a, 662 99 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kala
- Department of Internal Cardiology Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Jihlavská 20, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Němec
- Centre for Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation, Pekařská 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
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10
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Scott R, Lyburn I, Cornford E, Bouzy P, Stone N, Greenwood C, Bouybayoune I, Pinder S, Rogers K. Breast calcification micromorphology classification. Br J Radiol 2022; 95:20220485. [PMID: 35819921 PMCID: PMC9793474 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20220485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The importance of consistent terminology in describing the appearance of breast calcifications in mammography is well recognised. Imaging of calcifications using electron microscopy is a globally growing field of research. We therefore suggest that the time is ripe to develop a lexicon of terms for classifying the micromorphology of breast calcifications. METHODS Calcifications within a wide range of histological sections of breast tissue, both benign and malignant, were imaged by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). These images were examined, and the micromorphology of calcifications present was grouped to create a classification system. RESULTS Based on the appearance of the calcifications observed, we propose five main categories for classification of the micromorphology of breast calcifications, namely, Dense Homogenous, Punctulate, Banded, Spongy and Aggregate. CONCLUSIONS Use of the descriptive categories outlined here will help to ensure consistency and comparability of published observations on the micromorphology of breast calcifications. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE This is the first time a lexicon and classification system has been proposed for the micromorphology of breast calcifications, as observed by scanning electron microscopy of histological sections. This will facilitate comparability of observed relationships between micromorphology, mammographic appearance, chemistry and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Scott
- Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Swindon, United Kingdom
| | - Iain Lyburn
- Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cheltenham, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Cornford
- Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cheltenham, United Kingdom
| | - Pascaline Bouzy
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Stone
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Charlene Greenwood
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Ihsanne Bouybayoune
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Pinder
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Rogers
- Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Swindon, United Kingdom
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11
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Henry L, Bazin D, Policar C, Haymann JP, Daudon M, Frochot V, Mathonnet M. Characterization through scanning electron microscopy and μFourier transform infrared spectroscopy of microcalcifications present in fine needle aspiration smears. CR CHIM 2022. [DOI: 10.5802/crchim.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Bazin D, Bouderlique E, Tang E, Daudon M, Haymann JP, Frochot V, Letavernier E, Van de Perre E, Williams JC, Lingeman JE, Borondics F. Using mid infrared to perform investigations beyond the diffraction limits of microcristalline pathologies: advantages and limitation of Optical PhotoThermal IR spectroscopy. CR CHIM 2022. [DOI: 10.5802/crchim.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Colboc H, Moguelet P, Letavernier E, Frochot V, Bernaudin JF, Weil R, Rouzière S, Senet P, Bachmeyer C, Laporte N, Lucas I, Descamps V, Amode R, Brunet-Possenti F, Kluger N, Deschamps L, Dubois A, Reguer S, Somogyi A, Medjoubi K, Refregiers M, Daudon M, Bazin D. Pathologies related to abnormal deposits in dermatology: a physico-chemical approach. CR CHIM 2022. [DOI: 10.5802/crchim.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Lucas IT, Bazin D, Daudon M. Raman opportunities in the field of pathological calcifications. CR CHIM 2022. [DOI: 10.5802/crchim.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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15
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Bazin D, Daudon M, Frochot V, Haymann JP, Letavernier E. Foreword to microcrystalline pathologies: combining clinical activity and fundamental research at the nanoscale. CR CHIM 2022. [DOI: 10.5802/crchim.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Bazin D, Lucas IT, Rouzière S, Elkaim E, Mocuta C, Réguer S, Reid DG, Mathurin J, Dazzi A, Deniset-Besseau A, Petay M, Frochot V, Haymann JP, Letavernier E, Verpont MC, Foy E, Bouderlique E, Colboc H, Daudon M. Profile of an “at cutting edge” pathology laboratory for pathological human deposits: from nanometer to in vivo scale analysis on large scale facilities. CR CHIM 2022. [DOI: 10.5802/crchim.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Bazin D, Bouderlique E, Daudon M, Frochot V, Haymann JP, Letavernier E, Tielens F, Weil R. Scanning electron microscopy—a powerful imaging technique for the clinician. CR CHIM 2022. [DOI: 10.5802/crchim.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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18
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Petay M, Cherfan M, Bouderlique E, Reguer S, Mathurin J, Dazzi A, L’Heronde M, Daudon M, Letavernier E, Deniset-Besseau A, Bazin D. Multiscale approach to provide a better physicochemical description of women breast microcalcifications. CR CHIM 2022. [DOI: 10.5802/crchim.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Gosling S, Calabrese D, Nallala J, Greenwood C, Pinder S, King L, Marks J, Pinto D, Lynch T, Lyburn ID, Hwang ES, Grand Challenge Precision Consortium, Rogers K, Stone N. A multi-modal exploration of heterogeneous physico-chemical properties of DCIS breast microcalcifications. Analyst 2022; 147:1641-1654. [PMID: 35311860 PMCID: PMC8997374 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01548f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is frequently associated with breast calcification. This study combines multiple analytical techniques to investigate the heterogeneity of these calcifications at the micrometre scale. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Raman and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were used to determine the physicochemical and crystallographic properties of type II breast calcifications located in formalin fixed paraffin embedded DCIS breast tissue samples. Multiple calcium phosphate phases were identified across the calcifications, distributed in different patterns. Hydroxyapatite was the dominant mineral, with magnesium whitlockite found at the calcification edge. Amorphous calcium phosphate and octacalcium phosphate were also identified close to the calcification edge at the apparent mineral/matrix barrier. Crystallographic features of hydroxyapatite also varied across the calcifications, with higher crystallinity centrally, and highest carbonate substitution at the calcification edge. Protein was also differentially distributed across the calcification and the surrounding soft tissue, with collagen and β-pleated protein features present to differing extents. Combination of analytical techniques in this study was essential to understand the heterogeneity of breast calcifications and how this may link crystallographic and physicochemical properties of calcifications to the surrounding tissue microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gosling
- Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, UK.
| | | | | | | | - Sarah Pinder
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Lorraine King
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey Marks
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Thomas Lynch
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Iain D Lyburn
- Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, UK. .,Thirlestaine Breast Centre, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, UK.,Cobalt Medical Charity, Cheltenham, UK
| | - E Shelley Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Keith Rogers
- Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, UK.
| | - Nicholas Stone
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
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20
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Radvar E, Griffanti G, Tsolaki E, Bertazzo S, Nazhat SN, Addison O, Mata A, Shanahan CM, Elsharkawy S. Engineered In vitro Models for Pathological Calcification: Routes Toward Mechanistic Understanding. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Radvar
- Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences King's College London London SE1 1UL UK
| | - Gabriele Griffanti
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering McGill University Montreal QC H3A 0C5 Canada
| | - Elena Tsolaki
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering University College London London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Sergio Bertazzo
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering University College London London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Showan N. Nazhat
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering McGill University Montreal QC H3A 0C5 Canada
| | - Owen Addison
- Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences King's College London London SE1 1UL UK
| | - Alvaro Mata
- School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Catherine M. Shanahan
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence Cardiovascular Division James Black Centre King's College London London SE1 1UL UK
| | - Sherif Elsharkawy
- Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences King's College London London SE1 1UL UK
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21
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Unravelling the Encapsulation of DNA and Other Biomolecules in HAp Microcalcifications of Human Breast Cancer Tissues by Raman Imaging. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112658. [PMID: 34071374 PMCID: PMC8198780 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although microcalcifications can be considered one of the first indicators of suspicious cancer lesions, depending on their morphology and distribution, the formation of hydroxyapatite calcifications and their relationship with malignancy remains unknown. In this work, we investigate in depth the biochemical composition of breast cancer microcalcifications, combining Raman spectroscopy imaging and advanced multivariate analysis. We demonstrate that DNA is naturally adsorbed and encapsulated inside hydroxyapatite found in breast cancer tissue. Furthermore, we also show the encapsulation of other relevant biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, cytochrome C and polysaccharides. The demonstration of the natural DNA biomineralization in cancer tissues represents an unprecedented advance in the field, as it can pave the way to understanding the role of hydroxyapatite in malignant tissues. Abstract Microcalcifications are detected through mammography screening and, depending on their morphology and distribution (BI-RADS classification), they can be considered one of the first indicators of suspicious cancer lesions. However, the formation of hydroxyapatite (HAp) calcifications and their relationship with malignancy remains unknown. In this work, we report the most detailed three-dimensional biochemical analysis of breast cancer microcalcifications to date, combining 3D Raman spectroscopy imaging and advanced multivariate analysis in order to investigate in depth the molecular composition of HAp calcifications found in 26 breast cancer tissue biopsies. We demonstrate that DNA has been naturally adsorbed and encapsulated inside HAp microcalcifications. Furthermore, we also show the encapsulation of other relevant biomolecules in HAp calcifications, such as lipids, proteins, cytochrome C and polysaccharides. The demonstration of natural DNA biomineralization, particularly in the tumor microenvironment, represents an unprecedented advance in the field, as it can pave the way to understanding the role of HAp in malignant tissues.
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22
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Nozdriukhin D, Besedina N, Chernyshev V, Efimova O, Rudakovskaya P, Novoselova M, Bratashov D, Chuprov-Netochin R, Kamyshinsky R, Vasiliev A, Chermoshentsev D, Dyakov SA, Zharov V, Gippius N, Gorin DA, Yashchenok A. Gold nanoparticle-carbon nanotube multilayers on silica microspheres: Optoacoustic-Raman enhancement and potential biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 120:111736. [PMID: 33545879 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
There has been growing interest in recent years in developing multifunctional materials for studying the structure interface in biological systems. In this regard, the multimodal systems, which possess activity in the near-infrared (NIR) region, become even more critical for the possibility of improving examined biotissue depth and, eventually, data analysis. Herein, we engineered bi-modal contrast agents by integrating carbon nanotubes (CNT) and gold nanoparticles (AuNP) around silica microspheres using the Layer-by-Layer self-assembly method. The experimental studies revealed that microspheres with CNT sandwiched between AuNP exhibit strong absorption in the visible and NIR regions and high optoacoustic contrast (OA, also called photoacoustics) and Raman scattering when illuminated with 532 nm and 785 nm lasers, respectively. The developed microspheres demonstrated amplification of the signal in the OA flow cytometry at the laser wavelength of 1064 nm. This finding was further validated with ex vivo brain tissue using a portable Raman spectrometer and imaging with the Raster-scanning OA mesoscopy technique. The obtained data suggest that the developed contrast agents can be promising in applications of localization OA tomography (LOT), OA flow cytometry, and multiplex SERS detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil Nozdriukhin
- Center for Photonics and Quantum Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia; Nanobiotech Lab, Alferov University, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | | | - Vasiliy Chernyshev
- Center for Photonics and Quantum Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Efimova
- Center for Neuroscience and Brain Restoration, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina Rudakovskaya
- Center for Photonics and Quantum Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Novoselova
- Center for Photonics and Quantum Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Roman Chuprov-Netochin
- MIPT Life Sciences Center, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Roman Kamyshinsky
- National Research Center 'Kurchatov Institute', Akademika Kurchatova pl., 1, 123182, Moscow, Russia; Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre 'Crystallography and Photonics' of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy prospect, 59, 119333 Moscow, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Alexander Vasiliev
- National Research Center 'Kurchatov Institute', Akademika Kurchatova pl., 1, 123182, Moscow, Russia; Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre 'Crystallography and Photonics' of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy prospect, 59, 119333 Moscow, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Dmitry Chermoshentsev
- Center for Photonics and Quantum Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia; Phystech School of Fundamental and Applied Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; Quantum Optics Group, Russian Quantum Center, 143025 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A Dyakov
- Center for Photonics and Quantum Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Zharov
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, AR 72205, Little Rock, USA
| | - Nikolay Gippius
- Center for Photonics and Quantum Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Gorin
- Center for Photonics and Quantum Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Yashchenok
- Center for Photonics and Quantum Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia.
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23
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Vidavsky N, Kunitake JAMR, Estroff LA. Multiple Pathways for Pathological Calcification in the Human Body. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001271. [PMID: 33274854 PMCID: PMC8724004 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biomineralization of skeletal components (e.g., bone and teeth) is generally accepted to occur under strict cellular regulation, leading to mineral-organic composites with hierarchical structures and properties optimized for their designated function. Such cellular regulation includes promoting mineralization at desired sites as well as inhibiting mineralization in soft tissues and other undesirable locations. In contrast, pathological mineralization, with potentially harmful health effects, can occur as a result of tissue or metabolic abnormalities, disease, or implantation of certain biomaterials. This progress report defines mineralization pathway components and identifies the commonalities (and differences) between physiological (e.g., bone remodeling) and pathological calcification formation pathways, based, in part, upon the extent of cellular control within the system. These concepts are discussed in representative examples of calcium phosphate-based pathological mineralization in cancer (breast, thyroid, ovarian, and meningioma) and in cardiovascular disease. In-depth mechanistic understanding of pathological mineralization requires utilizing state-of-the-art materials science imaging and characterization techniques, focusing not only on the final deposits, but also on the earlier stages of crystal nucleation, growth, and aggregation. Such mechanistic understanding will further enable the use of pathological calcifications in diagnosis and prognosis, as well as possibly provide insights into preventative treatments for detrimental mineralization in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netta Vidavsky
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Jennie A M R Kunitake
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Lara A Estroff
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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24
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Introduction to Infrared and Raman-Based Biomedical Molecular Imaging and Comparison with Other Modalities. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235547. [PMID: 33256052 PMCID: PMC7731440 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging has rapidly developed to answer the need of image contrast in medical diagnostic imaging to go beyond morphological information to include functional differences in imaged tissues at the cellular and molecular levels. Vibrational (infrared (IR) and Raman) imaging has rapidly emerged among the molecular imaging modalities available, due to its label-free combination of high spatial resolution with chemical specificity. This article presents the physical basis of vibrational spectroscopy and imaging, followed by illustration of their preclinical in vitro applications in body fluids and cells, ex vivo tissues and in vivo small animals and ending with a brief discussion of their clinical translation. After comparing the advantages and disadvantages of IR/Raman imaging with the other main modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography/single-photon emission-computed tomography (PET/SPECT), ultrasound (US) and photoacoustic imaging (PAI), the design of multimodal probes combining vibrational imaging with other modalities is discussed, illustrated by some preclinical proof-of-concept examples.
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25
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Shin KS, Laohajaratsang M, Men S, Figueroa B, Dintzis SM, Fu D. Quantitative chemical imaging of breast calcifications in association with neoplastic processes. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:5865-5878. [PMID: 32483424 PMCID: PMC7254998 DOI: 10.7150/thno.43325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcifications play an essential role in early breast cancer detection and diagnosis. However, information regarding the chemical composition of calcifications identified on mammography and histology is limited. Detailed spectroscopy reveals an association between the chemical composition of calcifications and breast cancer, warranting the development of novel analytical tools to better define calcification types. Previous investigations average calcification composition across broad tissue sections with no spatially resolved information or provide qualitative visualization, which prevents a robust linking of specific spatially resolved changes in calcification chemistry with the pathologic process. Method: To visualize breast calcification chemical composition at high spatial resolution, we apply hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy to study breast calcifications associated with a spectrum of breast changes ranging from benign to neoplastic processes, including atypical ductal hyperplasia, ductal carcinoma in situ, and invasive ductal carcinoma. The carbonate content of individual breast calcifications is quantified using a simple ratiometric analysis. Results: Our findings reveal that intra-sample calcification carbonate content is closely associated with local pathological processes. Single calcification analysis supports previous studies demonstrating decreasing average carbonate level with increasing malignant potential. Sensitivity and specificity reach >85% when carbonate content level is used as the single differentiator in separating benign from neoplastic processes. However, the average carbonate content is limiting when trying to separate specific diagnostic categories, such as fibroadenoma and invasive ductal carcinoma. Second harmonic generation (SHG) data can provide critical information to bridge this gap. Conclusion: SRS, combined with SHG, can be a valuable tool in better understanding calcifications in carcinogenesis, diagnosis, and possible prognosis. This study not only reveals previously unknown large variations of breast microcalcifications in association with local malignancy but also corroborates the clinical value of linking microcalcification chemistry to breast malignancy. More importantly, it represents an important step in the development of a label-free imaging strategy for breast cancer diagnosis with tremendous potential to address major challenges in diagnostic discordance in pathology.
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26
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Vanna R, Morasso C, Marcinnò B, Piccotti F, Torti E, Altamura D, Albasini S, Agozzino M, Villani L, Sorrentino L, Bunk O, Leporati F, Giannini C, Corsi F. Raman Spectroscopy Reveals That Biochemical Composition of Breast Microcalcifications Correlates with Histopathologic Features. Cancer Res 2020; 80:1762-1772. [PMID: 32094303 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast microcalcifications are a common mammographic finding. Microcalcifications are considered suspicious signs of breast cancer and a breast biopsy is required, however, cancer is diagnosed in only a few patients. Reducing unnecessary biopsies and rapid characterization of breast microcalcifications are unmet clinical needs. In this study, 473 microcalcifications detected on breast biopsy specimens from 56 patients were characterized entirely by Raman mapping and confirmed by X-ray scattering. Microcalcifications from malignant samples were generally more homogeneous, more crystalline, and characterized by a less substituted crystal lattice compared with benign samples. There were significant differences in Raman features corresponding to the phosphate and carbonate bands between the benign and malignant groups. In addition to the heterogeneous composition, the presence of whitlockite specifically emerged as marker of benignity in benign microcalcifications. The whole Raman signature of each microcalcification was then used to build a classification model that distinguishes microcalcifications according to their overall biochemical composition. After validation, microcalcifications found in benign and malignant samples were correctly recognized with 93.5% sensitivity and 80.6% specificity. Finally, microcalcifications identified in malignant biopsies, but located outside the lesion, reported malignant features in 65% of in situ and 98% of invasive cancer cases, respectively, suggesting that the local microenvironment influences microcalcification features. This study confirms that the composition and structural features of microcalcifications correlate with breast pathology and indicates new diagnostic potentialities based on microcalcifications assessment. SIGNIFICANCE: Raman spectroscopy could be a quick and accurate diagnostic tool to precisely characterize and distinguish benign from malignant breast microcalcifications detected on mammography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzo Vanna
- Nanomedicine and Molecular Imaging Lab, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carlo Morasso
- Nanomedicine and Molecular Imaging Lab, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Beatrice Marcinnò
- Custom Computing and Processing Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Piccotti
- Nanomedicine and Molecular Imaging Lab, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Emanuele Torti
- Custom Computing and Processing Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Davide Altamura
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - Sara Albasini
- Nanomedicine and Molecular Imaging Lab, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Manuela Agozzino
- Pathology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Villani
- Pathology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Sorrentino
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Oliver Bunk
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Leporati
- Custom Computing and Processing Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cinzia Giannini
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Corsi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy. .,Breast Unit, Department of Surgery, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
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27
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Mirković M, Dosen A, Erić S, Vulić P, Matović B, Rosić A. Phase and microstructural study of urinary stones. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Reis J, Oliveira T, Pereira A, Infante P, Leal N, Faísca P. Microtomographic characterization of calcifications in canine mammary tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 18:281-291. [PMID: 31606921 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The present work describes the microtomographic characterization of macro- and microcalcifications present in excised canine mammary glands. In human breast cancer, microcalcifications are highly relevant for diagnosis and prognosis, often being the sole element determining biopsy. Canine mammary tumours are considered a model for human breast cancer, but the morphological features of calcifications had still to be studied in this species. The objective of this research is to contribute to the characterization of the mineralization features of the canine mammary gland. In the present study, the excised mammary glands of 33 bitches underwent fluoroscopic examination. In 30 of the samples, the presence of calcification was suspected, and multiple biopsies were taken of these areas. Biopsy fragments underwent microtomographic scanning. Microcalcifications were found in non-neoplastic glandular tissue, benign and malign lesions, as it is known to happen in humans. Qualitative evaluation regarding morphology of the imaged calcifications showed similarities to breast cancer findings, based on the BI-RADS 2013 classification, such as pleomorphism and shape. No differences in the quantitative morphological parameters of volume, surface, surface/volume, SMI and structure thickness were found when macrocalcifications were considered. However, although significant differences existed in these parameters between microcalcifications from malignant canine mammary tumours and the two other groups, none were found between non-neoplastic and benign tumours. Findings further support the use of this spontaneous animal model for the study of human breast cancer, considering how clinically relevant microcalcifications are in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Reis
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária - Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Teresa Oliveira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária - Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Alfredo Pereira
- Departamento de Zootecnica - Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Paulo Infante
- Departamento de Matemática - Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Centro de Investigação em Matemática e Aplicações/IIFA, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Nuno Leal
- DNAtech Laboratório Veterinário; Hospital Veterinário do Oeste, Lourinhã, Portugal
| | - Pedro Faísca
- Centro de Investigação em BioCiências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária- Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias/DNAtech Laboratório Veterinário, Lisboa, Portugal
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29
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Pathological Mineralization: The Potential of Mineralomics. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12193126. [PMID: 31557841 PMCID: PMC6804219 DOI: 10.3390/ma12193126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pathological mineralization has been reported countless times in the literature and is a well-known phenomenon in the medical field for its connections to a wide range of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. The minerals involved in calcification, however, have not been directly studied as extensively as the organic components of each of the pathologies. These have been studied in isolation and, for most of them, physicochemical properties are hitherto not fully known. In a parallel development, materials science methods such as electron microscopy, spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and others have been used in biology mainly for the study of hard tissues and biomaterials and have only recently been incorporated in the study of other biological systems. This review connects a range of soft tissue diseases, including breast cancer, age-related macular degeneration, aortic valve stenosis, kidney stone diseases, and Fahr’s syndrome, all of which have been associated with mineralization processes. Furthermore, it describes how physicochemical material characterization methods have been used to provide new information on such pathologies. Here, we focus on diseases that are associated with calcium-composed minerals to discuss how understanding the properties of these minerals can provide new insights on their origins, considering that different conditions and biological features are required for each type of mineral to be formed. We show that mineralomics, or the study of the properties and roles of minerals, can provide information which will help to improve prevention methods against pathological mineral build-up, which in the cases of most of the diseases mentioned in this review, will ultimately lead to new prevention or treatment methods for the diseases. Importantly, this review aims to highlight that chemical composition alone cannot fully support conclusions drawn on the nature of these minerals.
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30
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He F, Springer NL, Whitman MA, Pathi SP, Lee Y, Mohanan S, Marcott S, Chiou AE, Blank BS, Iyengar N, Morris PG, Jochelson M, Hudis CA, Shah P, Kunitake JAMR, Estroff LA, Lammerding J, Fischbach C. Hydroxyapatite mineral enhances malignant potential in a tissue-engineered model of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Biomaterials 2019; 224:119489. [PMID: 31546097 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
While ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is known as a precursor lesion to most invasive breast carcinomas, the mechanisms underlying this transition remain enigmatic. DCIS is typically diagnosed by the mammographic detection of microcalcifications (MC). MCs consisting of non-stoichiometric hydroxyapatite (HA) mineral are frequently associated with malignant disease, yet it is unclear whether HA can actively promote malignancy. To investigate this outstanding question, we compared phenotypic outcomes of breast cancer cells cultured in control or HA-containing poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) scaffolds. Exposure to HA mineral in scaffolds increased the expression of pro-tumorigenic interleukin-8 (IL-8) among transformed but not benign cells. Notably, MCF10DCIS.com cells cultured in HA scaffolds adopted morphological changes associated with increased invasiveness and exhibited increased motility that were dependent on IL-8 signaling. Moreover, MCF10DCIS.com xenografts in HA scaffolds displayed evidence of enhanced malignant progression relative to xenografts in control scaffolds. These experimental findings were supported by a pathological analysis of clinical DCIS specimens, which correlated the presence of MCs with increased IL-8 staining and ductal proliferation. Collectively, our work suggests that HA mineral may stimulate malignancy in preinvasive DCIS cells and validate PLG scaffolds as useful tools to study cell-mineral interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank He
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Nora L Springer
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA; Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Matthew A Whitman
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Siddharth P Pathi
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Yeonkyung Lee
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Sunish Mohanan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Stephen Marcott
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Aaron E Chiou
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Bryant S Blank
- Cornell Center for Animal Resources and Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Neil Iyengar
- Breast Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center/Evelyn H. Lauder Breast and Imaging Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Patrick G Morris
- Breast Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center/Evelyn H. Lauder Breast and Imaging Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Maxine Jochelson
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center/Evelyn H. Lauder Breast and Imaging Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Clifford A Hudis
- Breast Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center/Evelyn H. Lauder Breast and Imaging Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Pragya Shah
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA; Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Jennie A M R Kunitake
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Lara A Estroff
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA; Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA; Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Claudia Fischbach
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA; Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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31
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Vidavsky N, Kunitake JAMR, Diaz-Rubio ME, Chiou AE, Loh HC, Zhang S, Masic A, Fischbach C, Estroff LA. Mapping and Profiling Lipid Distribution in a 3D Model of Breast Cancer Progression. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:768-780. [PMID: 31139713 PMCID: PMC6535773 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant lipid accumulation and marked changes in cellular lipid profiles are related to breast cancer metabolism and disease progression. In vitro, these phenomena are primarily studied using cells cultured in monolayers (2D). Here, we employ multicellular spheroids, generated using the MCF10A cell line series of increasing malignancy potential, to better recapitulate the 3D microenvironmental conditions that cells experience in vivo. Breast cancer cell lipid compositions were assessed in 2D and 3D culture models as a function of malignancy using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Further, the spatial distribution of lipids was examined using Raman chemical imaging and lipid staining. We show that with changes in the cellular microenvironment when moving from 2D to 3D cell cultures, total lipid amounts decrease significantly, while the ratio of acylglycerols to membrane lipids increases. This ratio increase could be associated with the formation of large lipid droplets (>10 μm) that are spatially evident throughout the spheroids but absent in 2D cultures. Additionally, we found a significant difference in lipid profiles between the more and less malignant spheroids, including changes that support de novo sphingolipid production and a reduction in ether-linked lipid fractions in the invasive spheroids. These differences in lipid profiles as a function of cell malignancy and microenvironment highlight the importance of coupled spatial and lipidomic studies to better understand the connections between lipid metabolism and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netta Vidavsky
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Jennie A. M. R. Kunitake
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Maria Elena Diaz-Rubio
- Metabolomics
Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Aaron E. Chiou
- Nancy
E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Hyun-Chae Loh
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Metabolomics
Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Admir Masic
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Claudia Fischbach
- Nancy
E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
- Kavli
Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Lara A. Estroff
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
- Kavli
Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
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32
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Giannini C, Ladisa M, Lutz-Bueno V, Terzi A, Ramella M, Fusaro L, Altamura D, Siliqi D, Sibillano T, Diaz A, Boccafoschi F, Bunk O. X-ray scanning microscopies of microcalcifications in abdominal aortic and popliteal artery aneurysms. IUCRJ 2019; 6:267-276. [PMID: 30867924 PMCID: PMC6400185 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252519001544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic and popliteal artery aneurysms are vascular diseases which show massive degeneration, weakening of the vascular wall and loss of the vascular tissue functionality. They are driven by inflammatory, hemodynamical factors and biological alterations that may lead, in the case of an abdominal aortic aneurysm, to sudden and dangerous ruptures of the arteries. Here, human aortic and popliteal aneurysm tissues were obtained during surgical repair, and studied by synchrotron radiation X-ray scanning microdiffraction and small-angle scattering, to investigate the microcalcifications present in the tissues. Data collected during the experiments were transformed into quantitative microscopy images through the combination of statistical approaches and crystallographic methods. As a result of this multi-step analysis, microcalcifications, which are markers of the pathology, were classified in terms of chemical and structural content. This analysis helped to identify the presence of nanocrystalline hy-droxy-apatite and microcrystalline cholesterol, embedded in myofilament, and elastin-containing tissue with low collagen content in predominantly nanocrystalline areas. The generality of the approach allows it to be transferred to other types of tissue and other pathologies affected by microcalcifications, such as thyroid carcinoma, breast cancer, testicular microli-thia-sis or glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Giannini
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, via Amendola 122/O, Bari, Bari 70125, Italy
| | - M. Ladisa
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, via Amendola 122/O, Bari, Bari 70125, Italy
| | - V. Lutz-Bueno
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen PSI, 5232, Switzerland
| | - A. Terzi
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, via Amendola 122/O, Bari, Bari 70125, Italy
| | - M. Ramella
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - L. Fusaro
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - D. Altamura
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, via Amendola 122/O, Bari, Bari 70125, Italy
| | - D. Siliqi
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, via Amendola 122/O, Bari, Bari 70125, Italy
| | - T. Sibillano
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, via Amendola 122/O, Bari, Bari 70125, Italy
| | - A. Diaz
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen PSI, 5232, Switzerland
| | - F. Boccafoschi
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, via Amendola 122/O, Bari, Bari 70125, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - O. Bunk
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen PSI, 5232, Switzerland
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33
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Studying biomineralization pathways in a 3D culture model of breast cancer microcalcifications. Biomaterials 2018; 179:71-82. [PMID: 29980076 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microcalcifications serve as diagnostic markers for breast cancer, yet their formation pathway(s) and role in cancer progression are debated due in part to a lack of relevant 3D culture models that allow studying the extent of cellular regulation over mineralization. Previous studies have suggested processes ranging from dystrophic mineralization associated with cell death to bone-like mineral deposition. Here, we evaluated microcalcification formation in 3D multicellular spheroids, generated from non-malignant, pre-cancer, and invasive cell lines from the MCF10A human breast tumor progression series. The spheroids with greater malignancy potential developed necrotic cores, thus recapitulating spatially distinct viable and non-viable areas known to regulate cellular behavior in tumors in vivo. The spatial distribution of the microcalcifications, as well as their compositions, were characterized using nanoCT, electron-microscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy. Apatite microcalcifications were primarily detected within the viable cell regions and their number and size increased with malignancy potential of the spheroids. Levels of alkaline phosphatase decreased with malignancy potential, whereas levels of osteopontin increased. These findings support a mineralization pathway in which cancer cells induce mineralization in a manner that is linked to their malignancy potential, but that is distinct from physiological osteogenic mineralization.
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34
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Richards JM, Kunitake JA, Hunt HB, Wnorowski AN, Lin DW, Boskey AL, Donnelly E, Estroff LA, Butcher JT. Crystallinity of hydroxyapatite drives myofibroblastic activation and calcification in aortic valves. Acta Biomater 2018; 71:24-36. [PMID: 29505892 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is an inexorably degenerative pathology characterized by progressive calcific lesion formation on the valve leaflets. The interaction of valvular cells in advanced lesion environments is not well understood yet highly relevant as clinically detectable CAVD exhibits calcifications composed of non-stoichiometric hydroxyapatite (HA). In this study, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging was used to spatially analyze mineral properties as a function of disease progression. Crystallinity (size and perfection) increased with increased valve calcification. To study the relationship between crystallinity and cellular behavior in CAVD, valve cells were seeded into 3D mineral-rich collagen gels containing synthetic HA particles, which had varying crystallinities. Lower crystallinity HA drove myofibroblastic activation in both valve interstitial and endothelial cells, as well as osteoblastic differentiation in interstitial cells. Additionally, calcium accumulation within gels depended on crystallinity, and apoptosis was insufficient to explain differences in HA-driven cellular activity. The protective nature of endothelial cells against interstitial cell activation and calcium accumulation was completely inhibited in the presence of less crystalline HA particles. Elucidating valve cellular behavior post-calcification is of vital importance to better predict and treat clinical pathogenesis, and mineral-containing hydrogel models provide a unique 3D platform to evaluate valve cell responses to a later stage of valve disease. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE We implement a 3D in vitro platform with embedded hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles to investigate the interaction between valve interstitial cells, valve endothelial cells, and a mineral-rich extracellular environment. HA nanoparticles were synthesized based on analysis of the mineral properties of calcific regions of diseased human aortic valves. Our findings indicate that crystallinity of HA drives activation and differentiation in interstitial and endothelial cells. We also show that a mineralized environment blocks endothelial protection against interstitial cell calcification. Our HA-containing hydrogel model provides a unique 3D platform to evaluate valve cell responses to a mineralized ECM. This study additionally lays the groundwork to capture the diversity of mineral properties in calcified valves, and link these properties to progression of the disease.
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