1
|
Cheng X, Zhang H, Guan S, Zhao Q, Shan Y. Receptor modulators associated with the hypothalamus -pituitary-thyroid axis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1291856. [PMID: 38111381 PMCID: PMC10725963 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1291856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis maintains normal metabolic balance and homeostasis in the human body through positive and negative feedback regulation. Its main regulatory mode is the secretion of thyrotropin (TSH), thyroid hormones (TH), and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). By binding to their corresponding receptors, they are involved in the development and progression of several systemic diseases, including digestive, cardiovascular, and central nervous system diseases. The HPT axis-related receptors include thyrotropin receptor (TSHR), thyroid hormone receptor (TR), and thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor (TRHR). Recently, research on regulators has become popular in the field of biology. Several HPT axis-related receptor modulators have been used for clinical treatment. This study reviews the developments and recent findings on HPT axis-related receptor modulators. This will provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilisation of new modulators of the HPT axis receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianbin Cheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Postdoctoral Research Workstation, Changchun Gangheng Electronics Company Limited, Changchun, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shanshan Guan
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, China
| | - Yaming Shan
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Khairnar RC, Parihar N, Prabhavalkar KS, Bhatt LK. Emerging targets signaling for inflammation in Parkinson's disease drug discovery. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2143-2161. [PMID: 35536461 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00999-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) patients not only show motor features such as bradykinesia, tremor, and rigidity but also non-motor features such as anxiety, depression, psychosis, memory loss, attention deficits, fatigue, sexual dysfunction, gastrointestinal issues, and pain. Many pharmacological treatments are available for PD patients; however, these treatments are partially or transiently effective since they only decrease the symptoms. As these therapies are unable to restore dopaminergic neurons and stop the development of Parkinson's disease, therefore, the need for an effective therapeutic approach is required. The current review summarizes novel targets for PD, that can be utilized to identify disease-modifying treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhema Chandan Khairnar
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Niraj Parihar
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Kedar S Prabhavalkar
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Lokesh Kumar Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mohr PG, Williams J, Tashiro M, Streltsov VA, McKimm-Breschkin JL. Substitutions at H134 and in the 430-loop region in influenza B neuraminidases can confer reduced susceptibility to multiple neuraminidase inhibitors. Antiviral Res 2020; 182:104895. [PMID: 32750469 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
With the introduction of the influenza specific neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) in 1999, there were concerns about the emergence and spread of resistant viruses in the community setting. Surveillance and testing of community isolates for their susceptibility to the NAIs was initially carried out by the Neuraminidase Inhibitor Susceptibility Network (NISN) and has subsequently been taken on by the global WHO influenza network laboratories. During the NISN surveillance, we identified two Yamagata lineage influenza B viruses with amino acid substitutions of H134Y (B/Auckland/2/2001) or W438R (B/Yokohama/12/2005) which had slightly elevated IC50 values for zanamivir and/or oseltamivir, but not sufficiently to be characterized as mild outliers at the time. As it has now been well demonstrated that mixed populations can mask the true magnitude of resistance of a mutant, we re-examined both of these isolates by plaque purification to see if the true susceptibilities were being masked due to mixed populations. Results confirmed that the B/Auckland isolate contained both wild type and H134Y mutant populations, with mutant IC50 values > 250 nM for both oseltamivir and peramivir in the enzyme inhibition assay. The B/Yokohama isolate also contained both wild type and W438R mutant populations, the latter now demonstrating IC50 values > 400 nM for zanamivir, oseltamivir and peramivir. In addition, plaque purification of the B/Yokohama isolate identified viruses with other single neuraminidase substitutions H134Y, H134R, H431R, or T436P. H134R and H431R viruses had IC50 values > 400 nM and >250 nM respectively against all three NAIs. All changes conferred much greater resistance to peramivir than to zanamivir, and less to oseltamivir, and affected the kinetics of binding and dissociation of the NAIs. Most affected affinity (Km) for the MUNANA substrate, but some had decreased while others had increased affinity. Despite resistance in the enzyme assay, no reduced susceptibility was seen in plaque reduction assays in MDCK cells for any of the mutant viruses. None of these substitutions was in the active site. Modelling suggests that these substitutions affect the 150 and 430-loop regions described for influenza A NAs, suggesting they may also be important for substrate and inhibitor binding for influenza B NAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter G Mohr
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, 5 Portarlington Rd., East Geelong, 3219, Australia.
| | - Janelle Williams
- CSIRO Manufacturing, 343 Royal Parade, Parkville, 3052, Australia.
| | - Masato Tashiro
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guan S, Zhu K, Dong Y, Li H, Yang S, Wang S, Shan Y. Exploration of Binding Mechanism of a Potential Streptococcus pneumoniae Neuraminidase Inhibitor from Herbaceous Plants by Molecular Simulation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031003. [PMID: 32028720 PMCID: PMC7038148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae can cause diseases such as pneumonia. Broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy for Streptococcus pneumoniae is increasingly limited due to the emergence of drug-resistant strains. The development of novel drugs is still currently of focus. Abundant polyphenols have been demonstrated to have antivirus and antibacterial ability. Chlorogenic acid is one of the representatives that has been proven to have the potential to inhibit both the influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, for such a potential neuraminidase inhibitor, the interaction mechanism studies between chlorogenic acid and Streptococcus pneumoniae neuraminidase are rare. In the current study, the binding mechanism of chlorogenic acid and Streptococcus pneumoniae neuraminidase were investigated by molecular simulation. The results indicated that chlorogenic acid might establish the interaction with Streptococcus pneumoniae neuraminidase via hydrogen bonds, salt bridge, and cation-π. The vital residues involved Arg347, Ile348, Lys440, Asp372, Asp417, and Glu768. The side chain of Arg347 might form a cap-like structure to lock the chlorogenic acid to the active site. The results from binding energy calculation indicated that chlorogenic acid had strong binding potential with neuraminidase. The results predicted a detailed binding mechanism of a potential Streptococcus pneumoniae neuraminidase inhibitor, which will be provide a theoretical basis for the mechanism of new inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Guan
- College of Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun 130052, Jilin, China; (K.Z.); (Y.D.); (H.L.); (S.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition at Universities of Jilin Province, Changchun 130052, Jilin, China
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (Y.S.); Tel.: +86-4318-172-1319 (S.G. & Y.S.)
| | - Ketong Zhu
- College of Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun 130052, Jilin, China; (K.Z.); (Y.D.); (H.L.); (S.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition at Universities of Jilin Province, Changchun 130052, Jilin, China
| | - Yanjiao Dong
- College of Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun 130052, Jilin, China; (K.Z.); (Y.D.); (H.L.); (S.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition at Universities of Jilin Province, Changchun 130052, Jilin, China
| | - Hao Li
- College of Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun 130052, Jilin, China; (K.Z.); (Y.D.); (H.L.); (S.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition at Universities of Jilin Province, Changchun 130052, Jilin, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- College of Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun 130052, Jilin, China; (K.Z.); (Y.D.); (H.L.); (S.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition at Universities of Jilin Province, Changchun 130052, Jilin, China
| | - Song Wang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, Jilin, China;
| | - Yaming Shan
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (Y.S.); Tel.: +86-4318-172-1319 (S.G. & Y.S.)
| |
Collapse
|