1
|
Hormonal Homologies between Canine Mammary Cancer and Human Breast Cancer in a Series of Cases. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9080395. [PMID: 36006309 PMCID: PMC9414677 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9080395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary There is worldwide interest in understanding the cancerous diseases that are causing increasing deaths in humans. In recent years, interest has grown in finding suitable models of different types of cancer in animals to lead the scientific community to a better understanding of the disease, in order to win the battle against cancer. The aim of this investigation was to compare breast cancer samples and canine mammary tumors from a hormonal point of view to validate the canine species as a model to study human breast cancer. There was a close similarity between premenopausal human breast cancer and canine mammary cancer in terms of hormonal receptors. In both species, all hormones assayed were increased in tumors compared to normal mammary gland samples. This research not only further supports canine mammary cancer as a spontaneous model for the study of human breast cancer but is also important in providing a deeper understanding of the hormonal pathogenesis of breast/mammary cancer in each independent species. Abstract The validity of spontaneous canine mammary cancer (CMC) as a natural model for the study of human breast cancer (HBC) from a hormonal point of view has never been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of aromatase (Arom) and steroid receptors [estrogen receptor α (ER α), estrogen receptor β (ER β), progesterone receptor (PR) and androgen receptor (AR)] and intratumor steroid hormone levels of 17β-estradiol (E2), estrone sulfate (SO4E1), progesterone (P4), androstenedione (A4), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and testosterone (T) in 78 samples of mammary cancer—51 human breast cancer (HBC) and 27 canine mammary cancer (CMC)—and corresponding controls. Frequency of tumors expressing Arom, ERβ, PR, and AR was similar in both species, whereas ERα+ tumors were less frequent in the canine species. There was a closer similarity between premenopausal HBC and CMC. In HBC and CMC, all hormones assayed were increased in tumors compared to control samples. Intratumor androgen levels were similar in the two species, although levels of progesterone and estrogens were higher in the HBC samples than the CMC samples. Statistical associations among Arom, receptors, and hormones analyzed suggest that the major hormonal influence in both species is estrogenic through the ER, being the α isoform predominant in the human samples. Our findings further support CMC as a spontaneous model for the study of HBC, especially premenopausal HBC, although several differences, such as the more prevalent ERα immunoexpression and higher intratumor levels of estrogens and P4 in HBC, should be taken into account in comparative hormonal studies.
Collapse
|
2
|
Hormonal Carcinogenesis in Canine Mammary Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms of Estradiol Involved in Malignant Progression. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030608. [PMID: 33652604 PMCID: PMC7996861 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary cancer is a frequent neoplasia in female dogs, in which most important risk factors are hormonal. Sexual hormones as estradiol play an important role in mammary carcinogenesis, being able to induce carcinogenic initiation, promotion and progression. However, the molecular mechanisms involved are incompletely understood. Estradiol is synthesized mainly in the ovaries, nevertheless, high concentrations of estradiol and some of its hormonal precursors have also been described in malignant mammary tumor tissue. The mechanisms of action of estradiol include the classic genomic effects that modulate gene transcription, and non-genomic effects, which trigger quick effects after estradiol binds to its specific receptors. These responses modulate various intracellular signaling pathways, triggering post-translational modification of several proteins. This review will discuss the well-known underlying mechanisms associated with the action of estradiol in the malignant progression of canine mammary tumors.
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang C, Li S, Wang Y, An Y, Shen K, Wang X, Luan W, Ma F, Ni L, Zhou H, Liu M, Yu L. Targeting IRS-1/mPGES-1/NOX2 to inhibit the inflammatory response caused by insulin-like growth factor-I-induced activation of NF-κB and NLRP3 in cancer cells. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 18:689-698. [PMID: 32270590 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The levels of insulin-like growth factor-l (IGF-1) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are abnormally elevated in various tumour tissues, and IGF-1 has been reported to be associated with the development and progression of inflammation in cancers. In this study, we found that IGF-1 activated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and NLRP3 inflammatory signalling via IRS-1/mPGES-1/NOX2-regulated ROS. Additionally, in the B16-F10 tumour-bearing mouse model, the number of tumours, tumour growth, invasion of tissues and expression of proinflammatory factors in peripheral blood were significantly decreased by treatment with an inhibitor combination compared with those of the IGF-1 group. Taken together, targeting IRS-1/mPGES-1/NOX2 to inhibit inflammation related to NF-κB and NLRP3 is a potential strategy for controlling the development and progression of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases of First Hospital of Jilin University, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shulin Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases of First Hospital of Jilin University, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases of First Hospital of Jilin University, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanan An
- Department of Infectious Diseases of First Hospital of Jilin University, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Keshu Shen
- Jilin Hepatobiliary Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Xuefei Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases of First Hospital of Jilin University, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenjing Luan
- Department of Infectious Diseases of First Hospital of Jilin University, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fangxue Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases of First Hospital of Jilin University, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lihui Ni
- Department of Infectious Diseases of First Hospital of Jilin University, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases of First Hospital of Jilin University, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases of First Hospital of Jilin University, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases of First Hospital of Jilin University, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Barreno L, Cáceres S, Alonso-Diez Á, Vicente-Montaña A, García ML, Clemente M, Illera JC, Peña L. Vasculogenic mimicry-associated ultrastructural findings in human and canine inflammatory breast cancer cell lines. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:750. [PMID: 31362745 PMCID: PMC6668131 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5955-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) and canine inflammatory mammary cancer (IMC) are the most lethal mammary cancers. An exacerbated angiogenesis and the existence of vasculogenic mimicry (VM) are hallmarks of these tumors. The information regarding VM and ultrastructural characteristics of mammary cell lines is scant. Methods In this study, IBC cell line SUM149 and IMC cell line IPC-366 in adherent (2D) and non-adherent (3D) (mammospheres, cancer stem cells) conditions were analyzed by transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM, respectively). Results The TEM revealed round to oval shape cells with microvilli on the surface, high numbers of peroxisomes in close apposition to lipid droplets and some extracellular derived vesicles. The TEM and the SEM mammospheres revealed group of cells clumping together with a central lumen (resembling a mammary acini). The cells joint are tight junctions and zonula adherens. By SEM two cell morphologies were observed: spherical and flattened cells. There was evidence endothelial-like cells (ELCs), which is characteristic for this disease, showing several or unique cytoplasmic empty space. ELCs were more frequent in 3D than in 2D culture conditions and contained Weibel-Palade cytoplasmic bodies, which are exclusive structures of endothelial cells. Conclusions Both cell lines, IPC-366 and SUM-149, shared ultrastructural characteristics, further supporting canine IMC as a model for the human disease. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrate the morphological differentiation of cultured cancer stem cells from cancer epithelial cell lines into endothelial-like cells, confirming the vasculogenic mimicry phenomenon from an ultrastructural point of view.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Barreno
- Veterinary Clinical Hospital, Pathology Service, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Cáceres
- Department of animal Physiology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela Alonso-Diez
- Veterinary Clinical Hospital, Pathology Service, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Vicente-Montaña
- National Center of Electron Microscopy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa García
- National Center of Electron Microscopy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Clemente
- Veterinary Clinical Hospital, Pathology Service, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Illera
- Department of animal Physiology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Peña
- Veterinary Clinical Hospital, Pathology Service, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Martín-Ruiz A, Peña L, González-Gil A, Díez-Córdova LT, Cáceres S, Illera JC. Effects of indole-3-carbinol on steroid hormone profile and tumor progression in a mice model of canine inflammatory mammarycancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:626. [PMID: 29866056 PMCID: PMC5987405 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4518-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Indole-3-carbinol, derived from Cruciferous vegetables is an estrogen receptor antagonist considered a preventive agent that is naturally present in diet. There are no previous studies on its effects in human inflammatory breast cancer or canine inflammatory mammary cancer that is the most aggressive type of breast cancer. Methods The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of indole-3-carbinol on a SCID mice xenograft model of canine inflammatory mammary cancer, using equivalent human oral dose as a preventive therapy in humans for 3 weeks. Results Indole-3-carbinol treatment decreased tumor proliferation and increased apoptosis, although tumor embolization and liver metastasis were observed in some animals. There was a characteristic subpopulation of lipid-rich cells and increased contents of select steroid hormones in tumor homogenates and serum. Conclusions Our data reveal for the first time that the ingestion of indole-3-carbinol, as administered, diminishes proliferation and increases apoptosis of tumor cells in an experimental model of inflammatory breast cancer, although this effect could not be enough to avoid the appearance of tumor embolization and metastasis. Future clinical trials will be needed to clarify the usefulness of indole-3-carbinol in this cancer and to understand the molecular mechanisms involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asunción Martín-Ruiz
- Department of Animal Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Peña
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo González-Gil
- Department of Animal Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Teresa Díez-Córdova
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Cáceres
- Department of Animal Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Illera
- Department of Animal Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Raposo TP, Arias-Pulido H, Chaher N, Fiering SN, Argyle DJ, Prada J, Pires I, Queiroga FL. Comparative aspects of canine and human inflammatory breast cancer. Semin Oncol 2018. [PMID: 29526258 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) in humans is the most aggressive form of mammary gland cancer and shares clinical, pathologic, and molecular patterns of disease with canine inflammatory mammary carcinoma (CIMC). Despite the use of multimodal therapeutic approaches, including targeted therapies, the prognosis for IBC/CIMC remains poor. The aim of this review is to critically analyze IBC and CIMC in terms of biology and clinical features. While rodent cancer models have formed the basis of our understanding of cancer biology, the translation of this knowledge into improved outcomes has been limited. However, it is possible that a comparative "one health" approach to research, using a natural canine model of the disease, may help advance our knowledge on the biology of the disease. This will translate into better clinical outcomes for both species. We propose that CIMC has the potential to be a useful model for developing and testing novel therapies for IBC. Further, this strategy could significantly improve and accelerate the design and establishment of new clinical trials to identify novel and improved therapies for this devastating disease in a more predictable way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa P Raposo
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Hugo Arias-Pulido
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, USA
| | - Nabila Chaher
- Department of Pathology, Centre Pierre et Marie Curie, 1, Avenue Battendier, Place May 1st, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Steven N Fiering
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, USA
| | - David J Argyle
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Justina Prada
- Departament of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; Animal and Veterinary research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Isabel Pires
- Departament of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; Animal and Veterinary research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Felisbina Luísa Queiroga
- Departament of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; Center for the Study of Animal Sciences, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Caceres S, Monsalve B, Peña L, de Andres PJ, Alonso-Diez A, Illera MJ, Woodward WA, Reuben JM, Silvan G, Illera JC. In vitro and in vivo effect of flutamide on steroid hormone secretion in canine and human inflammatory breast cancer cell lines. Vet Comp Oncol 2017; 16:148-158. [PMID: 28589573 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to study the effects of flutamide on cell proliferation, in vivo tumour growth and steroid production in canine and human IBC cell lines. IPC-366 and SUM149 cell cultures were exposed to flutamide concentrations for 72 hours. Additionally, IPC-366 and SUM149 xenotransplanted mice were treated subcutaneously with flutamide 3 times a week for 2 weeks. Steroid hormones determination in culture media, serum and tumour homogenates (pregnenolone, progesterone, androstenedione, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, 17β-oestradiol and oestrone sulphate) were assayed by EIA. in vitro cell proliferation percentages showed a decrease in all flutamide dosages in IPC-366 and SUM149. in vivo flutamide reduced tumour size by 55% to 65%, and metastasis rates decreased. In treated groups, androgen levels in culture media, serum and tumour homogenates were increased as oestrogen levels decreased. These results suggest that flutamide treatment inhibits cell proliferation and promotes tumour reduction by increasing androgen levels and also support future therapy approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Caceres
- Department of Animal Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - B Monsalve
- Department of Animal Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - L Peña
- Department of Animal Medicine Surgery and Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine. Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - P J de Andres
- Department of Animal Medicine Surgery and Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine. Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Alonso-Diez
- Department of Animal Medicine Surgery and Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine. Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - M J Illera
- Department of Animal Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - W A Woodward
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - J M Reuben
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - G Silvan
- Department of Animal Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - J C Illera
- Department of Animal Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Illera JC, Caceres S, Peña L, de Andres PJ, Monsalve B, Illera MJ, Woodward WA, Reuben JM, Silvan G. Steroid hormone secretion in inflammatory breast cancer cell lines. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2016; 24:137-45. [PMID: 26495931 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2015-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory breast carcinoma (IBC) is a special type of breast cancer with a poor survival rate. Though several IBC cell lines have been established, recently a first IMC cell line was established. The aims of this study were: (1) to validate a highly sensitive, reliable, accurate and direct amplified enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to measure several cell-secreted steroid hormones: progesterone (P4), androstenedione (A4), testosterone (T), 17β-estradiol (E2) and estrone sulfate (SO4E1) in the culture medium. (2) To assess whether hormone production profile by IPC-366 cells validates the IMC model for human IBC. We validated a non-competitive amplified EIA for inflammatory breast cancer cell lines based on the results of accuracy, precision, sensitivity and parallelism. The low detection limits of the technique were: P4=13.2 pg/well, A4=2.3 pg/well, T=11.4 pg/well, E2=1.9 pg/well and SO4E1=4.5 pg/well. Intra- and inter-assay coefficient of variation percentages were <10%. The mean recovery rate of hormone added to the culture medium was >90%. In all hormones studied SUM149 have higher levels (1.4 times, but not significant) than IPC-366, and the correlation index between SUM149 and IPC-366 concentrations were >97%. We can coclude that cells of both cell lines, IPC-366 and SUM149, are capable to produce steroid hormone in culture media. The presented EIA methodology is very valuable for the detection of steroid production in culture media and could be used in hormone regulation studies and therapeutic agents in cell lines of inflammatory and non-inflammatory mammary carcinoma or other cancer cell lines in preclinical studies.
Collapse
|
9
|
Steroid Tumor Environment in Male and Female Mice Model of Canine and Human Inflammatory Breast Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:8909878. [PMID: 27195300 PMCID: PMC4852361 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8909878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Canine inflammatory mammary cancer (IMC) shares clinical and histopathological characteristics with human inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) and has been proposed as a good model for studying the human disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of female and male mice to reproduce IMC and IBC tumors and identify the hormonal tumor environment. To perform the study sixty 6–8-week-old male and female mice were inoculated subcutaneously with a suspension of 106IPC-366 and SUM149 cells. Tumors and serum were collected and used for hormonal analysis. Results revealed that IPC-366 reproduced tumors in 90% of males inoculated after 2 weeks compared with 100% of females that reproduced tumor at the same time. SUM149 reproduced tumors in 40% of males instead of 80% of females that reproduced tumors after 4 weeks. Both cell lines produce distant metastasis in lungs being higher than the metastatic rates in females. EIA analysis revealed that male tumors had higher T and SO4E1 concentrations compared to female tumors. Serum steroid levels were lower than those found in tumors. In conclusion, IBC and IMC male mouse model is useful as a tool for IBC research and those circulating estrogens and intratumoral hormonal levels are crucial in the development and progression of tumors.
Collapse
|
10
|
De Andrés PJ, Cáceres S, Clemente M, Pérez-Alenza MD, Illera JC, Peña L. Profile of Steroid Receptors and Increased Aromatase Immunoexpression in Canine Inflammatory Mammary Cancer as a Potential Therapeutic Target. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 51:269-75. [PMID: 26899138 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Canine inflammatory mammary cancer (IMC) has been proposed as a model for the study of human inflammatory breast cancer (IBC). The aims of this study were to compare the immunohistochemical expression of aromatase (Arom) and several hormone receptors [estrogen receptor α (ERα), estrogen receptor β (ERβ), progesterone receptor (PR) and androgen receptor (AR)], in 21 IMC cases vs 19 non-IMC; and to study the possible effect of letrozole on canine IMC and human inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) in vitro using IPC-366 and SUM-149 cell lines. Significant elevations of the means of Arom Total Score (TS), ERβ TS and PR TS were found in the IMC group (p = 0.025, p = 0.038 and p = 0.037, respectively). Secondary IMC tumours expressed higher levels of Arom than primary IMC (p = 0.029). Non-IMC PR- tumours contained higher levels of Arom than non-IMC PR+ tumours (p = 0.007). After the addition of letrozole, the number of IMC and IBC cells dropped drastically. The overexpression of Arom found and the results obtained in vitro further support canine IMC as a model for the study of IBC and future approaches to the treatment of dogs with mammary cancer, and especially IMC, using Arom inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P J De Andrés
- Department of Animal Medicine Surgery and Pathology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Cáceres
- Department of Animal Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Clemente
- Department of Animal Medicine Surgery and Pathology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M D Pérez-Alenza
- Department of Animal Medicine Surgery and Pathology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J C Illera
- Department of Animal Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Peña
- Department of Animal Medicine Surgery and Pathology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Spoerri M, Guscetti F, Hartnack S, Boos A, Oei C, Balogh O, Nowaczyk RM, Michel E, Reichler IM, Kowalewski MP. Endocrine control of canine mammary neoplasms: serum reproductive hormone levels and tissue expression of steroid hormone, prolactin and growth hormone receptors. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:235. [PMID: 26370564 PMCID: PMC4570623 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0546-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neoplasms of the mammary gland are among the most common diseases in female domestic dogs (Canis familiaris). It is assumed that reproductive hormones influence tumorigenesis in this species, although the precise role of the endocrine milieu and reproductive state is subject to continuing discussion. In line with this, a recent systematic review of available data on the development of mammary neoplasms revealed weak evidence for risk reduction after neutering and an effect of age at neutering. Investigation of several hormone receptors has revealed decreased expression of estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα, ESR1), progesterone (P4) receptor (PGR), prolactin (PRL) receptor (PRLR) and growth hormone receptor (GHR) associated with neoplastic differentiation of mammary tissues. In other studies, increased levels of estrogens, progesterone and prolactin were found in serum and/or tissue homogenates of dogs with malignant neoplasms. However, the association between these entities within one animal population was never previously examined. Therefore, this study investigated the association between circulating serum concentrations of estradiol-17β, progesterone and prolactin, and gene expression of ERα (ESR1), ERβ (ESR2), PGR, PRLR, PRL and GHR, with respect to reproductive state (spayed vs. intact) and cycle stage (anestrus vs. diestrus). Additionally, the expression of E-cadherin (CDH-1) was evaluated as a possible indicator of metastatic potential. Results For all receptors, the lowest gene expression was found in malignant tumors compared to normal tissues of affected dogs. Steroid levels were not influenced by their corresponding receptor expression in mammary neoplasms, but increased PRL levels were negatively associated with low PRLR gene expression in malignant tumors. The expression of CDH-1 was influenced by tumor malignancy and cycle stage, i.e., the highest gene expression was found in benign mammary tumors in diestrous dogs compared to normal and malignant mammary tissues of anestrous and spayed dogs. Conclusions Herein, it has been confirmed that transformation towards malignant neoplasms is associated with significant reduction of gene expression of particular hormone receptors. Only PRLR in malignant tumors seems to be influenced by circulating PRL levels. In dogs, CDH-1 can be used as a prognostic factor; its expression, however, in benign tumors is influenced by cycle stage. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-015-0546-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Spoerri
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland. .,Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland.
| | - Franco Guscetti
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 268/272, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland.
| | - Sonja Hartnack
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 270, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland.
| | - Alois Boos
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland.
| | - Christine Oei
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O Box 80125, Utrecht, 3508 TC, The Netherlands.
| | - Orsolya Balogh
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland.
| | - Renata M Nowaczyk
- Division of Animal Anatomy, Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Erika Michel
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland.
| | - Iris M Reichler
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland.
| | - Mariusz P Kowalewski
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Camacho L, Peña L, González Gil A, Cáceres S, Díez L, Illera J. Establishment and characterization of a canine xenograft model of inflammatory mammary carcinoma. Res Vet Sci 2013; 95:1068-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
13
|
de Andrés PJ, Illera JC, Cáceres S, Díez L, Pérez-Alenza MD, Peña L. Increased levels of interleukins 8 and 10 as findings of canine inflammatory mammary cancer. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 152:245-51. [PMID: 23351639 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory mammary cancer (IMC) is a distinct form of mammary cancer that affects dogs and women [in humans, IMC is known as inflammatory breast cancer (IBC)], and is characterized by a sudden onset and an aggressive clinical course. Spontaneous canine IMC shares epidemiologic, histopathological and clinical characteristics with the disease in humans and has been proposed as the best spontaneous animal model for studying IBC, although several aspects remain unstudied. Interleukins (ILs) play an important role in cancer as potential modulators of angiogenesis, leukocyte infiltration and tumor growth. The aims of the present study were to assess serum and tumor levels of several ILs (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10) by enzyme-immunoassay in dogs bearing benign and malignant mammary tumors, including dogs with IMC, for a better understanding of this disease. Forty-eight dogs were prospectively included. Animals consisted of 7 healthy Beagles used as donors for normal mammary glands (NMG) and serum controls (SCs), 10 dogs with hyperplasias and benign mammary tumors (HBMT), 24 with non-inflammatory malignant mammary tumors (non-IMC MMT) and 7 dogs with clinical and pathological IMC. IL-8 (serum) and IL-10 (serum and tissue homogenate) levels were higher in the dogs with IMC compared with the non-IMC MMT group. ILs were increased with tumor malignancy as follows: in tumor homogenates IL-6 levels were higher in malignant tumors (IMC and non-IMC MMT) versus HBMT and versus NMG and tumor IL-8 was increased in malignant tumors versus NMG; in serum, IL-1α and IL-8 levels were higher in the malignant groups respect to HBMT and SCs; interestingly, IL-10 was elevated only in the serum of IMC animals. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that analyzes ILs in IMC and IL-10 in canine mammary tumors. Our results indicate a role for IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 in canine mammary malignancy and specific differences in ILs content in IMC versus non-IMC MMT that could have future diagnostic and therapeutic implications, to be confirmed in a larger series of IMC cases. These results help to support the validity of the IMC canine model for the study of human IBC and provide insight into this uncommon malignancy in dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Jimena de Andrés
- Dept. Medicina y Cirugía Animal. Facultad de Veterinaria, Avda/Puerta de Hierro s/n, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sleeckx N, de Rooster H, Veldhuis Kroeze EJB, Van Ginneken C, Van Brantegem L. Canine mammary tumours, an overview. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 46:1112-31. [PMID: 21645126 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2011.01816.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Canine mammary tumours (CMTs) are the most common neoplasms in intact female dogs. Although the prevalence of these tumours decreases in regions where preventive ovari(ohyster)ectomy is performed, it remains an important disease entity in veterinary medicine. Moreover, treatment options are limited in comparison with human breast cancer. Nevertheless, recent human treatment protocols might have potential in bitches suffering from CMTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Sleeckx
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Metastasis of Canine Inflammatory versus Non-Inflammatory Mammary Tumours. J Comp Pathol 2010; 143:157-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2010.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Revised: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
16
|
Clemente M, Pérez-Alenza MD, Illera JC, Peña L. Histological, Immunohistological, and Ultrastructural Description of Vasculogenic Mimicry in Canine Mammary Cancer. Vet Pathol 2009; 47:265-74. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985809353167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Canine inflammatory mammary cancer (IMC) and human inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) are the most aggressive and lethal type of mammary cancer in female dogs and in women. The generation of microvascular channels by malignant tumor cells (endothelial-like cells [ELCs]) without endothelial cell participation (vasculogenic mimicry) has been reported in human breast cancer, including IBC, and is considered a new type of tumor angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of ELCs in highly malignant canine mammary tumors (IMC and non-IMC) by histology, inmunohistochemistry (pancytokeratin, cytokeratin 14, vimentin, actin, desmin, vWF, CD31, and CD34), and electron microscopy. This retrospective study included 21 female dogs with diagnoses of IMC and 20 animals with metastatic grade III noninflammatory malignant mammary tumors (MMT). IMC tumors (33.33%) and MMT (5%) showed ELCs forming structures similar to small capillaries. The histological, immunohistochemical (positive to AE1/AE3 and cytokeratin 14, mostly negative to endothelial markers), and ultrastructural characteristics of these cells indicated vasculogenic mimicry. The higher frequency of this phenomenon in inflammatory versus noninflammatory canine mammary cancer is in agreement with previous studies in experimental and spontaneous human IBC, and it could be in relation with the extremely high lymphangiogenic capacity and metastatic lymphangiotropism characteristics of inflammatory breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Clemente
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery, and Pathology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. D. Pérez-Alenza
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery, and Pathology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J. C. Illera
- Department of Animal Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - L. Peña
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery, and Pathology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Svoboda M, Sellner F, Ekmekcioglu C, Klimpfinger M, Jaeger W, Thalhammer T. Expression of estrogen-metabolizing enzymes and estrogen receptors in cholelithiasis gallbladder. Biomed Pharmacother 2008; 62:690-6. [PMID: 18440760 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2008.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2008] [Accepted: 03/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogen exposure is a risk factor for gallstone disease (cholelithiasis), which often leads to chronic inflammation (cholecystitis). Studies in various estrogen-sensitive tissues showed that key enzymes involved in the inactivation and activation of estrogens as well as expression of estrogen receptors alpha and beta determine the amount of active estrogen. In estrogen-sensitive tissues, e.g. the female breast, estrone sulfate (E1S), present at high concentrations in the circulation, is converted into the biologically active estrone (E1) by steroid sulfatase (STS) and again reverted into E1S by estrogen sulfotransferase (SULT1E1) providing a local estrogen storage. AIMS To assess whether this might also apply for gallbladder epithelia, we determined expression of these two enzymes and of ERalpha and ERbeta in 15 cholelithiasis specimens from tissues with/or without inflammation. METHODS Quantitative (Real-time) PCR and immunofluorescence were used as methods. RESULTS We demonstrate mRNA expression of SULT1E1, STS, and ERalpha in all specimens with mean enrichment of 3.53- vs. 1.72-fold (n.s.), 3.5- vs. 0.91-fold (n.s.), and 3.04- vs. 1.6-fold (n.s.) in the inflammatory and non-inflammatory groups, respectively. Although high expression levels were seen in many specimens (means 4.88-fold vs. 5.77-fold), ERbeta mRNA was below the detection limit in two specimens from cholecystitis patients. To further investigate this varying expression pattern of ERbeta, immunohistological studies were performed, which indeed showed low expression levels of ERbeta in the damaged mucosa, while in specimens with well preserved mucosa, high ERbeta levels were seen in the cytosol and in the nucleus. CONCLUSION The data show expression of an estrogen network of activating STS and inactivating SULT1E1. Together with ERalpha and ERbeta, these enzymes could regulate estrogen concentrations in human gallbladder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Svoboda
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Center for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|