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Drummond AE, Swain CT, Milne RL, English DR, Brown KA, Skinner TL, Lay J, van Roekel EH, Moore MM, Gaunt TR, Martin RM, Lewis SJ, Lynch BM. Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer Risk via the Insulin/Insulin-like Growth Factor Signaling System, Part 2: The Effect of Insulin/Insulin-like Growth Factor Signaling on Breast Cancer Risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:2116-2125. [PMID: 36464995 PMCID: PMC7613928 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-0505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbation of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling system is often cited as a mechanism driving breast cancer risk. A systematic review identified prospective cohort studies and Mendelian randomization studies that examined the effects of insulin/IGF signaling (IGF, their binding proteins (IGFBP), and markers of insulin resistance] on breast cancer risk. Meta-analyses generated effect estimates; risk of bias was assessed and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system applied to evaluate the overall quality of the evidence. Four Mendelian randomization and 19 prospective cohort studies met our inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of cohort studies confirmed that higher IGF-1 increased risk of breast cancer; this finding was supported by the Mendelian randomization studies. IGFBP-3 did not affect breast cancer. Meta analyses for connecting-peptide and fasting insulin showed small risk increases, but confidence intervals were wide and crossed the null. The quality of evidence obtained ranged from 'very low' to 'moderate'. There were insufficient studies to examine other markers of insulin/IGF signaling. These findings do not strongly support the biological plausibility of the second part of the physical activity-insulin/IGF signaling system-breast cancer pathway. Robust conclusions cannot be drawn due to the dearth of high quality studies. See related article by Swain et al., p. 2106.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann E. Drummond
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Roger L. Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dallas R. English
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kristy A. Brown
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Tina L. Skinner
- The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Jannelle Lay
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Australia
| | - Eline H. van Roekel
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Melissa M. Moore
- Medical Oncology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tom R. Gaunt
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Richard M. Martin
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, UK
| | | | - Brigid M. Lynch
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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Guerrero CH, Gamboa-Loira B, Mérida-Ortega Á, López-Carrillo L. Dietary Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load and Risk of Breast Cancer by Molecular Subtype in Mexican Women. Nutr Cancer 2019; 71:1283-1289. [PMID: 31058544 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1607408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to estimate the risk of breast cancer (BC) molecular subtypes in relation to the average glycemic index (GI) and the dietary glycemic load (GL) in Mexican women. From 2007 to 2011, a study of incident cases and population controls was conducted in five states of northern Mexico. A subsample of 509 cases matched 1:1 by age with 509 controls was selected. With a food frequency questionnaire, information about diet was obtained, and GI and GL were calculated. The expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors in tumors was obtained from medical records. Patients were classified as luminal A (RE+ and/or PR+/HER2-), HER2+ (RE+ and/or PR+/HER2+ and RE-/PR-/HER2+), or triple negative (TN) (RE-/PR-/HER2-). GI and GL associations with BC molecular subtypes were evaluated using conditional logistic regression models. GI was positively associated with luminal A (OR= 1.12; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.22), HER2+ (OR= 1.15; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.30), and TN (OR= 1.20; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.39) BC. GL was not associated with BC molecular subtypes. These results suggest that the type of carbohydrate consumed is associated with increased BC regardless of the luminal A, HER2+, and TN subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian H Guerrero
- Center for Research in Health and Nutrition, National Institute of Public Health , Cuernavaca , Morelos, Mexico
| | - Brenda Gamboa-Loira
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health , Cuernavaca , Morelos, Mexico
| | - Ángel Mérida-Ortega
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health , Cuernavaca , Morelos, Mexico
| | - Lizbeth López-Carrillo
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health , Cuernavaca , Morelos, Mexico
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Engin AB, Engin A, Gonul II. The effect of adipocyte-macrophage crosstalk in obesity-related breast cancer. J Mol Endocrinol 2019; 62:R201-R222. [PMID: 30620711 DOI: 10.1530/jme-18-0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is the primary source of many pro-inflammatory cytokines in obesity. Macrophage numbers and pro-inflammatory gene expression are positively associated with adipocyte size. Free fatty acid and tumor necrosis factor-α involve in a vicious cycle between adipocytes and macrophages aggravating inflammatory changes. Thereby, M1 macrophages form a characteristic 'crown-like structure (CLS)' around necrotic adipocytes in obese adipose tissue. In obese women, CLSs of breast adipose tissue are responsible for both increase in local aromatase activity and aggressive behavior of breast cancer cells. Interlinked molecular mechanisms between adipocyte-macrophage-breast cancer cells in obesity involve seven consecutive processes: Excessive release of adipocyte- and macrophage-derived inflammatory cytokines, TSC1-TSC2 complex-mTOR crosstalk, insulin resistance, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and excessive oxidative stress generation, uncoupled respiration and hypoxia, SIRT1 controversy, the increased levels of aromatase activity and estrogen production. Considering elevated risks of estrogen receptor (E2R)-positive postmenopausal breast cancer growth in obesity, adipocyte-macrophage crosstalk is important in the aforementioned issues. Increased mTORC1 signaling in obesity ensures the strong activation of oncogenic signaling in E2Rα-positive breast cancer cells. Since insulin and insulin-like growth factors have been identified as tumor promoters, hyperinsulinemia is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in breast cancer despite peripheral insulin resistance. The unpredictable effects of adipocyte-derived leptin-estrogen-macrophage axis, and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)-adipose-resident macrophage axis in obese postmenopausal patients with breast cancer are unresolved mechanistic gaps in the molecular links between the tumor growth and adipocytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Basak Engin
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Atilla Engin
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ipek Isik Gonul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Tian W, Teng F, Gao J, Gao C, Liu G, Zhang Y, Yu S, Zhang W, Wang Y, Xue F. Estrogen and insulin synergistically promote endometrial cancer progression via crosstalk between their receptor signaling pathways. Cancer Biol Med 2019; 16:55-70. [PMID: 31119046 PMCID: PMC6528450 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2018.0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Despite evidence that estrogens and insulin are involved in the development and progression of many cancers, their synergistic role in endometrial carcinoma (EC) has not been analyzed yet. Methods Here, we investigated how estrogens act synergistically with insulin to promote EC progression. Cell growth in vitro and in vivo, effects of estradiol and insulin on apoptosis and cell cycle distribution, and expression and activation of estrogen receptor (ER), insulin receptor (InsR), and key proteins in the PI3K and MAPK pathways were examined after combined stimulation with estradiol and insulin. Results Compared to EC cells treated with estradiol or insulin alone, those treated with both estradiol and insulin exhibited stronger stimulation. Estradiol significantly induced phosphorylation of InsR-β and IRS-1, whereas insulin significantly induced phosphorylation of ER-α. In addition, treatment with both insulin and estradiol together significantly increased the expression and phosphorylation of Akt, MAPK, and ERK. Notably, InsR-β inhibition had a limited effect on estradiol-dependent proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis, whereas ER-α inhibition had a limited insulin-dependent effect, in EC cell lines. Insulin and estradiol individually and synergistically promoted EC xenograft growth in mice. Conclusions Estrogen and insulin play synergistic roles in EC carcinogenesis and progression by activating InsR-β and ER-α, promoting a crosstalk between them, and thereby resulting in the activation of downstream PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fei Teng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics
| | | | - Chao Gao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics
| | | | | | - Shizhu Yu
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem 27157, NC USA
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Hessel H, Poignée-Heger M, Lohmann S, Hirscher B, Herold A, Assmann G, Budczies J, Sotlar K, Kirchner T. Subtyping Of Triple Negative Breast Carcinoma On The Basis Of RTK Expression. J Cancer 2018; 9:2589-2602. [PMID: 30087699 PMCID: PMC6072816 DOI: 10.7150/jca.23023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: "Triple-negative breast cancers" (TNBC) comprise a heterogeneous group of about 15% of invasive BCs lacking the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER, PR) and the expression of HER2 (ERBB2) and are therefore no established candidates for targeted treatment options in BC, i.e., endocrine and anti-HER2 therapy. The aim of the present study was to use gene expression profiling and immunohistochemical (IHC) characterization to identify receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) profiles that would allow patient stratification for the purposes of target-oriented personalized tumor therapy in TNBC. Methods: Twenty-nine cases of TNBC selected according to routine diagnostic IHC/cytogenetic criteria were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RTK mRNA expression profiles were generated for a total of 31 tumor-relevant biomarkers, mainly belonging to the IGF- and EGF-receptor families but also including biomarkers related to downstream signaling. Protein expression of selected biomarkers was investigated by IHC. Results: Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed a dichotomous differentiation pattern amongst TNBCs. A significant difference in gene expression was observed for 16 of the 31 RTK-associated tumor relevant biomarkers between the two newly identified TNBC subgroups. The findings were verified at the posttranslational level by the IHC data. The RTKs HER4, IGF-1R and IGF-2R and the hormone receptors ER and PR below the IHC detection limit play a central role in the differentiation of the two TNBC subgroups. Observed survival was reported as Kaplan-Meier estimates and point towards an improved survival of patients with RTK-high with superior three-year survival rate of 100% compared to RTK-low gene signatures with superior three-year survival rate of 60% (log-rank test, p-value = 0.022). Conclusion: Gene-expression and IHC analysis of the EGF and IGF receptor families and biomarkers associated with downstream signaling point to the existence of two distinct TNBC subtypes. The RTKs HER4, IGF-1R, IGF-2R and the hormone receptors ER and PR appear to be of particular importance here. Based on survival analysis the differentiation of TNBC with RTK-high and RTK-low gene signatures seems to be of prognostic relevance. Additionally, correlation analysis of the relationship between RTKs and ER suggests co-regulatory mechanisms that may have potential significance in new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Hessel
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Gerald Assmann
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
- Pathologiepraxis München, Germany
| | - Jan Budczies
- Institute of Pathology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl Sotlar
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
- University Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Austria
| | - Thomas Kirchner
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
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Tian W, Teng F, Zhao J, Gao J, Gao C, Sun D, Liu G, Zhang Y, Yu S, Zhang W, Wang Y, Xue F. Estrogen and insulin synergistically promote type 1 endometrial cancer progression. Cancer Biol Ther 2017; 18:1000-1010. [PMID: 29172956 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2017.1394547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite evidence that estrogens and insulin are related to type 1 endometrial carcinoma (EC), their synergistic role has not been analyzed. Here, we investigated how estrogens cooperate with insulin to promote type 1 EC progression. We examined the clinical significance of serum estrogen and insulin levels using type 1 EC patients and control subjects. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses for total, premenopausal, and postmenopausal subjects were performed. Type 1 EC risk was evaluated with respect to estrone, estradiol, and insulin levels based on odds ratios (ORs) using stratified data. Cell growth in vitro and in vivo, effects of insulin and estradiol on apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were measured after estradiol and insulin stimulation. Estrone and insulin concentrations were significantly high in type 1 EC patients and retained positive associations with type 1 EC after adjustment for BMI, WHR, diabetes, and hypertension. The odds ratio was significantly high for type 1 EC patients with higher levels of estrone/estradiol and insulin than for patients with higher levels of either estrone/estradiol or insulin, suggesting that estrogen and insulin play a synergistic role in type 1 EC carcinogenesis and progression. Compared to EC cells and cell-based xenografts treated with estradiol or insulin alone, those treated with estradiol and insulin exhibited stronger stimulation. Estrogen and insulin play synergistic roles in type 1 EC carcinogenesis and progression, extending our understanding of EC risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Tian
- a Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin , China
| | - Fei Teng
- a Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin , China
| | - Jing Zhao
- a Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin , China
| | - Jinping Gao
- a Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin , China
| | - Chao Gao
- a Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin , China
| | - Dandan Sun
- a Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin , China
| | - Guoyan Liu
- a Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin , China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- a Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin , China
| | - Shizhu Yu
- b Department of Tianjin Neurological Institute , Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin , China
| | - Wei Zhang
- c Department of Cancer Biology , Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center , Winston-Salem , NC , USA
| | - Yingmei Wang
- a Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin , China
| | - Fengxia Xue
- a Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin , China
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Agnoli C, Grioni S, Sieri S, Sacerdote C, Ricceri F, Tumino R, Frasca G, Pala V, Mattiello A, Chiodini P, Iacoviello L, De Curtis A, Panico S, Krogh V. Metabolic syndrome and breast cancer risk: a case-cohort study nested in a multicentre italian cohort. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128891. [PMID: 26030767 PMCID: PMC4452341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (defined as at least three among abdominal obesity, high blood triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high blood glucose, and high blood pressure) is emerging as a risk factor for breast cancer; however few studies – most confined to postmenopausal women – have investigated associations between breast cancer risk and metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between metabolic syndrome and its components, and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal and premenopausal women. Methods We performed a case-cohort study on 22,494 women recruited in 1993-1998 to four Italian centres (Turin, Varese, Naples, Ragusa) of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) and followed-up for up to 15 years. A random subcohort of 565 women was obtained and 593 breast cancer cases were diagnosed. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for potential confounders, were estimated by Prentice-weighted Cox proportional hazards models. Results Presence of metabolic syndrome was associated with significantly increased breast cancer risk in all women (HR 1.52, 95%CI 1.14-2.02). When the analyses were repeated separately for menopausal status, the association was limited to postmenopausal women (HR 1.80, 95%CI 1.22-2.65) and absent in premenopausal women (HR 0.71, 95%CI 0.43-1.16); P for interaction between metabolic syndrome and menopausal status was 0.001. Of metabolic syndrome components, only high blood glucose was significantly associated with increased breast cancer risk in all women (HR 1.47, 95%CI 1.13-1.91) and postmenopausal women (HR 1.89, 95%CI 1.29-2.77), but not premenopausal women (HR 0.80, 95%CI 0.52-1.22; P interaction=0.004). Conclusions These findings support previous data indicating that metabolic syndrome is an important risk factor for breast cancer in postmenopausal women, but not in premenopausal women, and suggest that prevention of metabolic syndrome through lifestyle changes could confer protection against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS - Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Grioni
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS - Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabina Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS - Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy
- Piemonte Centre for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy
| | - Fulvio Ricceri
- Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy
- Piemonte Centre for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Valeria Pala
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS - Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Amalia Mattiello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Chiodini
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Laboratory of Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Amalia De Curtis
- Laboratory of Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Vittorio Krogh
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS - Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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De Marco P, Cirillo F, Vivacqua A, Malaguarnera R, Belfiore A, Maggiolini M. Novel Aspects Concerning the Functional Cross-Talk between the Insulin/IGF-I System and Estrogen Signaling in Cancer Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:30. [PMID: 25798130 PMCID: PMC4351617 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin/IGF system plays an important role in cancer progression. Accordingly, elevated levels of circulating insulin have been associated with an increased cancer risk as well as with aggressive and metastatic cancer phenotypes. Numerous studies have documented that estrogens cooperate with the insulin/IGF system in multiple pathophysiological conditions. The biological responses to estrogens are mainly mediated by the estrogen receptors (ER)α and ERβ, which act as transcription factors; however, several studies have recently demonstrated that a member of the G protein-coupled receptors, named GPR30/G-protein estrogen receptor (GPER), is also involved in the estrogen signaling in normal and malignant cells as well as in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). In this regard, novel mechanisms linking the action of estrogens through GPER with the insulin/IGF system have been recently demonstrated. This review recapitulates the relevant aspects of this functional cross-talk between the insulin/IGF and the estrogenic GPER transduction pathways, which occurs in various cell types and may account for cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola De Marco
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Francesca Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Adele Vivacqua
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Roberta Malaguarnera
- Endocrinology, Department of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonino Belfiore
- Endocrinology, Department of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- *Correspondence: Antonino Belfiore, Università degli Studi Magna Graecia di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, Catanzaro 88100, Italy e-mail: ; Marcello Maggiolini, Università della Calabria, via P. Bucci, Rende 87036, Italy e-mail:
| | - Marcello Maggiolini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
- *Correspondence: Antonino Belfiore, Università degli Studi Magna Graecia di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, Catanzaro 88100, Italy e-mail: ; Marcello Maggiolini, Università della Calabria, via P. Bucci, Rende 87036, Italy e-mail:
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Krishnamoorthy S, Liu Z, Hong A, Zhu R, Chen H, Li T, Zhou X, Gao X. A Novel Phosphopeptide Microarray Based Interactome Map in Breast Cancer Cells Reveals Phosphoprotein-GRB2 Cell Signaling Networks. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67634. [PMID: 23826330 PMCID: PMC3694890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The architecture of cellular proteins connected to form signaling pathways in response to internal and external cues is much more complex than a group of simple protein-protein interactions. Post translational modifications on proteins (e.g., phosphorylation of serine, threonine and tyrosine residues on proteins) initiate many downstream signaling events leading to protein-protein interactions and subsequent activation of signaling cascades leading to cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell death. As evidenced by a rapidly expanding mass spectrometry database demonstrating protein phosphorylation at specific motifs, there is currently a large gap in understanding the functional significance of phosphoproteins with respect to their specific protein connections in the signaling cascades. A comprehensive map that interconnects phospho-motifs in pathways will enable identification of nodal protein interactions that are sensitive signatures indicating a disease phenotype from the physiological hemostasis and provide clues into control of disease. Using a novel phosphopeptide microarray technology, we have mapped endogenous tyrosine-phosphoproteome interaction networks in breast cancer cells mediated by signaling adaptor protein GRB2, which transduces cellular responses downstream of several RTKs through the Ras-ERK signaling cascade. We have identified several previously reported motif specific interactions and novel interactions. The peptide microarray data indicate that various phospho-motifs on a single protein are differentially regulated in various cell types and shows global downregulation of phosphoprotein interactions specifically in cells with metastatic potential. The study has revealed novel phosphoprotein mediated signaling networks, which warrants further detailed analysis of the nodes of protein-protein interaction to uncover their biomarker or therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasan Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SK); (XG)
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ailing Hong
- LC Sciences, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ruijuan Zhu
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Haosi Chen
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tongbin Li
- LC Sciences, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | | | - Xiaolian Gao
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SK); (XG)
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Abstract
Lifestyle factors have been linked to the risk of developing many common malignancies and, increasingly, to prognosis. Observational evidence has shown a relationship between so-called energy balance factors (ie, diet, physical activity, and body weight) and risk of cancer recurrence and mortality in cancers of the breast, prostate, colon and, perhaps, other cancers. Interventional work has shown that individuals who make favorable changes in these lifestyle factors after cancer diagnosis feel better, experience less fatigue, and may possibly even decrease risk of cancer recurrence. Other lifestyle behaviors, such as smoking and alcohol consumption, have also been linked to the development of common cancers and may have important health consequences for cancer survivors. This article reviews the evidence that links lifestyle factors to cancer outcomes, provides clinical recommendations for cancer survivors, and describes future directions for lifestyle research in cancer survivors.
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Insulin-like growth factor-I regulates GPER expression and function in cancer cells. Oncogene 2012; 32:678-88. [PMID: 22430216 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Functional cross talk between insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) system and estrogen signaling has been largely reported, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. As GPR30/GPER mediates rapid cell responses to estrogens, we evaluated the potential of IGF-I to regulate GPER expression and function in estrogen receptor (ER)α-positive breast (MCF-7) and endometrial (Ishikawa) cancer cells. We found that IGF-I transactivates the GPER promoter sequence and upregulates GPER mRNA and protein levels in both cells types. Similar data were found, at least in part, in carcinoma-associated fibroblasts. The upregulation of GPER expression by IGF-I involved the IGF-IR/PKCδ/ERK/c-fos/AP1 transduction pathway and required ERα, as ascertained by specific pharmacological inhibitors and gene-silencing. In both MCF-7 and Ishikawa cancer cells, the IGF-I-dependent cell migration required GPER and its main target gene CTGF, whereas the IGF-I-induced proliferation required both GPER and cyclin D1. Our data demonstrate that the IGF-I system regulates GPER expression and function, triggering the activation of a signaling network that leads to the migration and proliferation of cancer cells.
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Fu P, Ibusuki M, Yamamoto Y, Hayashi M, Murakami K, Zheng S, Iwase H. Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor gene expression is associated with survival in breast cancer: a comprehensive analysis of gene copy number, mRNA and protein expression. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 130:307-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-011-1605-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Lee YT. Structure activity relationship analysis of phenolic acid phenethyl esters on oral and human breast cancers: The grey GM(0, N) approach. Comput Biol Med 2011; 41:506-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2011.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Metabolic syndrome is an independent risk factor for breast cancer. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2011; 284:1271-6. [PMID: 21249376 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-011-1837-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with breast cancer and the independent effect of metabolic syndrome on breast cancer risk. METHODS Eighty-one women aged 40-80 years with breast cancer and 81 controls of similar age were screened for metabolic syndrome prevalence and breast cancer risk factors, including age at diagnosis, age at menarche, reproductive status, live births, breastfeeding, family history of breast cancer, physical activity, cigarette smoking, body mass index, and metabolic syndrome parameters. Each variable was first assessed for baseline comparisons using the univariate model, and significant variables were then added to the multivariate conditional logistic regression model. RESULTS Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 59.2% in breast cancer patients, and 37% in the control group (p < 0.005). A positive and independent association was observed between metabolic syndrome and breast cancer risk (odds ratio = 2.49; 95% confidence interval 1.17-5.30). CONCLUSION Metabolic syndrome is more prevalent in breast cancer patients and is an independent risk factor for breast cancer.
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Mendoza RA, Enriquez MI, Mejia SM, Moody EE, Thordarson G. Interactions between IGF-I, estrogen receptor-α (ERα), and ERβ in regulating growth/apoptosis of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. J Endocrinol 2011; 208:1-9. [PMID: 20974640 PMCID: PMC3242433 DOI: 10.1677/joe-10-0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Understanding of the interactions between estradiol (E₂) and IGF-I is still incomplete. Cell lines derived from the MCF-7 breast cancer cells were generated with suppressed expression of the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR), termed IGF-IR.low cells, by stable transfection using small interfering RNA (siRNA) expression vector. Vector for control cells carried sequence generating noninterfering RNA. Concomitant with reduction in the IGF-IR levels, the IGF-IR.low cells also showed a reduction in estrogen receptor α (ERα) and progesterone receptor expressions, and an elevation in the expression of ERβ. The number of the IGF-IR.low cells was reduced in response to IGF-I and human GH plus epidermal growth factor, but E₂ did not cause an increase in the number of the IGF-IR.low cells compared to controls. The proliferation rate of IGF-IR.low cells was only reduced in response to E₂ compared to controls, whereas their basal and hormone-stimulated apoptosis rate was increased. Phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) was increased in the IGF-IR.low cells after treatment with E₂, without affecting control cells. Furthermore, phosphorylation of the tumor suppressor protein p53 was elevated in the IGF-IR.low cells compared to the controls. In conclusion, suppressing IGF-IR expression decreased the level of ERα but increased the level of ERβ. Overall growth rate of the IGF-IR.low cells was reduced mostly through an increase in apoptosis without affecting proliferation substantially. We hypothesize that a decreased ERα:ERβ ratio triggered a rapid phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, which in turn phosphorylated the p53 tumor suppressor and accelerated apoptosis rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhone A Mendoza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L Foster School of Medicine, 5001 El Paso Drive, El Paso, Texas 79905, USA
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Longobardi L, Granero-Moltó F, O'Rear L, Myers TJ, Li T, Kregor PJ, Spagnoli A. Subcellular localization of IRS-1 in IGF-I-mediated chondrogenic proliferation, differentiation and hypertrophy of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Growth Factors 2009; 27:309-20. [PMID: 19639489 DOI: 10.1080/08977190903138874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) can differentiate into chondrocytes. Understanding the mechanisms and growth factors that control the MSC stemness is critical to fully implement their therapeutic use in cartilage diseases. The activated type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR), interacting with the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), can induce cancer cell proliferation and transformation. In cancer or transformed cells, IRS-1 has been shown to localize in the cytoplasm where it activates the canonical Akt pathway, as well as in the nucleus where it binds to nuclear proteins. We have previously demonstrated that IGF-I has distinct time-dependent effect on primary BM-MSC chondrogenic pellets: initially (2-day culture), IGF-I induces proliferation; subsequently, IGF-I promotes chondrocytic differentiation (7-day culture). In the present study, by using MSC from the BM of IRS-1(- / - ) mice we show that IRS-1 mediates almost 50% of the IGF-I mitogenic response and the MAPK-MEK/ERK signalling accounts for the other 50%. After stimulation with IGF-I, we found that in 2-day old human and mouse derived BM-MSC pellets, IRS-1 (total and phosphorylated) is nuclearly localized and that proliferation prevails over differentiation. The IGF-I mitogenic effect is Akt-independent. In 7-day MSC pellets, IGF-I stimulates the chondrogenic differentiation of MSC into chondrocytes, pre-hypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes and IRS-1 accumulates in the cytoplasm. IGF-I-dependent differentiation is exclusively Akt-dependent. Our data indicate that in the physiologically relevant model of primary cultured MSC, IGF-I induces a temporally regulated nuclear or cytoplasmic localization of IRS-1 that correlate with the transition from proliferation to chondrogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Longobardi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7039, USA
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Jin Q, Esteva FJ. Cross-talk between the ErbB/HER family and the type I insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway in breast cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2008; 13:485-98. [PMID: 19034632 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-008-9107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2008] [Accepted: 11/13/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in tumorigenesis and their influence on clinical outcome is providing specific molecular markers for targeted therapy. Activation of tyrosine kinase receptors from the human epidermal growth factor receptor family (EGFR, HER2, HER3, HER4) and the insulin-like growth factor receptor I (IGF-IR) plays a key role in the initiation and progression of breast cancer. HER2 overexpression is a validated therapeutic target, as shown by the clinical efficacy of trastuzumab and lapatinib. However, only 25-30% of patients with HER2-overexpressing tumors respond to single-agent trastuzumab or lapatinib, and resistance develops even in responding patients. Therefore, to optimize therapeutic efficacy, it is urgent to elucidate the complex network of signaling pathways that develop in breast cancer cells. Signaling interactions have been reported between ErbB/HER family members and IGF-IR. As increased IGF-IR signaling has been implicated in trastuzumab resistance, agents targeting HER2, and IGF-IR could be potential therapeutic tools in breast cancers that develop resistance to HER2-directed therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanri Jin
- Departments of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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