1
|
Pérez MM, Pimentel VE, Fuzo CA, da Silva-Neto PV, Toro DM, Fraga-Silva TFC, Gardinassi LG, Oliveira CNS, Souza COS, Torre-Neto NT, de Carvalho JCS, De Leo TC, Nardini V, Feitosa MR, Parra RS, da Rocha JJR, Feres O, Vilar FC, Gaspar GG, Constant LF, Ostini FM, Degiovani AM, Amorim AP, Viana AL, Fernandes APM, Maruyama SR, Russo EMS, Santos IKFM, Bonato VLD, Cardoso CRB, Sorgi CA, Dias-Baruffi M, Faccioli LH. Acetylcholine, Fatty Acids, and Lipid Mediators Are Linked to COVID-19 Severity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:250-261. [PMID: 35768148 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipid and cholinergic mediators are inflammatory regulators, but their role in the immunopathology of COVID-19 is still unclear. Here, we used human blood and tracheal aspirate (TA) to investigate whether acetylcholine (Ach), fatty acids (FAs), and their derived lipid mediators (LMs) are associated with COVID-19 severity. First, we analyzed the perturbation profile induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection in the transcriptional profile of genes related to the ACh and FA/LM pathways. Blood and TA were used for metabolomic and lipidomic analyses and for quantification of leukocytes, cytokines, and ACh. Differential expression and coexpression gene network data revealed a unique transcriptional profile associated with ACh and FA/LM production, release, and cellular signaling. Transcriptomic data were corroborated by laboratory findings: SARS-CoV-2 infection increased plasma and TA levels of arachidonic acid, 5-hydroxy-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid, 11-hydroxy-5Z,8Z,12E,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid, and ACh. TA samples also exhibited high levels of PGE2, thromboxane B2, 12-oxo-5Z,8Z,10E,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid, and 6-trans-leukotriene B4 Bioinformatics and experimental approaches demonstrated robust correlation between transcriptional profile in Ach and FA/LM pathways and parameters of severe COVID-19. As expected, the increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil counts, and cytokine levels (IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, and IL-8) correlated with worse clinical scores. Glucocorticoids protected severe and critical patients and correlated with reduced Ach levels in plasma and TA samples. We demonstrated that pulmonary and systemic hyperinflammation in severe COVID-19 are associated with high levels of Ach and FA/LM. Glucocorticoids favored the survival of patients with severe/critical disease, and this effect was associated with a reduction in ACh levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malena M Pérez
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinícius E Pimentel
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Fuzo
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro V da Silva-Neto
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia Aplicadas à Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Diana M Toro
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia Aplicadas à Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Thais F C Fraga-Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz G Gardinassi
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Camilla N S Oliveira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila O S Souza
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nicola T Torre-Neto
- Departamento de Química. Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jonatan C S de Carvalho
- Departamento de Química. Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais C De Leo
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Hospital São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viviani Nardini
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marley R Feitosa
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Hospital São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rogerio S Parra
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Hospital São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José J R da Rocha
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Omar Feres
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Hospital São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando C Vilar
- Hospital São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilberto G Gaspar
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leticia F Constant
- Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fátima M Ostini
- Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Augusto M Degiovani
- Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandro P Amorim
- Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angelina L Viana
- Departamento de Enfermagem Materno-Infantil e Saúde Pública, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana P M Fernandes
- Departamento de Enfermagem Geral e Especializada, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra R Maruyama
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisa M S Russo
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabel K F M Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vânia L D Bonato
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina R B Cardoso
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Sorgi
- Departamento de Química. Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dias-Baruffi
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
dos Santos PP, Rafacho BPM, Gonçalves AF, Pires VCM, Roscani MG, Azevedo PS, Polegato BF, Minicucci MF, Fernandes AAH, Tanni SE, Zornoff LAM, de Paiva SAR. Vitamin D Supplementation Induces Cardiac Remodeling in Rats: Association with Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein and Thioredoxin. Arq Bras Cardiol 2021; 116:970-978. [PMID: 34008824 PMCID: PMC8121481 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20190633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D (VD) has been shown to play an important role in cardiac function. However, this vitamin exerts a biphasic "dose response" curve in cardiovascular pathophysiology and may cause deleterious effects, even in non-toxic doses. VD exerts its cellular functions by binding to VD receptor. Additionally, it was identified that the thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) expression is positively regulated by VD. TXNIP modulate different cell signaling pathways that may be important for cardiac remodeling. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether VD supplementation lead to cardiac remodeling and if TXNIP and thioredoxin (Trx) proteins are associated with the process. METHODS A total of 250 Male Wistar rats were allocated into three groups: control (C, n=21), with no VD supplementation; VD3 (n = 22) and VD10 (n=21), supplemented with 3,000 and 10,000 IU of VD/ kg of chow respectively, for two months. The groups were compared by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Holm-Sidak post hoc analysis, (variables with normal distribution), or by Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's test post hoc analysis. The significance level for all tests was 5%. RESULTS TXNIP protein expression was higher and Trx activity was lower in VD10. The animals supplemented with VD showed increased lipid hydroperoxide and decreased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. The protein Bcl-2 was lower in VD10. There was a decrease in fatty acid β-oxidation, tricarboxylic acid cycle and electron transport chain with shift to increase in glycolytic pathway. CONCLUSION VD supplementation led to cardiac remodeling and this process may be modulated by TXNIP and Trx proteins and consequently oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscila P. dos Santos
- UNESPFaculdade de Medicina de BotucatuBotucatuSPBrasilFaculdade de Medicina de Botucatu – UNESP, Botucatu, SP - Brasil.
- UNESPInstituto de Biociências de BotucatuBotucatuSPBrasilInstituto de Biociências de Botucatu-UNESP, Botucatu, SP - Brasil.
| | - Bruna P. M. Rafacho
- UNESPFaculdade de Medicina de BotucatuBotucatuSPBrasilFaculdade de Medicina de Botucatu – UNESP, Botucatu, SP - Brasil.
| | - Andrea F. Gonçalves
- UNESPFaculdade de Medicina de BotucatuBotucatuSPBrasilFaculdade de Medicina de Botucatu – UNESP, Botucatu, SP - Brasil.
| | - Vanessa C. M. Pires
- UNESPFaculdade de Medicina de BotucatuBotucatuSPBrasilFaculdade de Medicina de Botucatu – UNESP, Botucatu, SP - Brasil.
| | - Meliza G. Roscani
- UNESPFaculdade de Medicina de BotucatuBotucatuSPBrasilFaculdade de Medicina de Botucatu – UNESP, Botucatu, SP - Brasil.
| | - Paula S. Azevedo
- UNESPFaculdade de Medicina de BotucatuBotucatuSPBrasilFaculdade de Medicina de Botucatu – UNESP, Botucatu, SP - Brasil.
| | - Bertha F. Polegato
- UNESPFaculdade de Medicina de BotucatuBotucatuSPBrasilFaculdade de Medicina de Botucatu – UNESP, Botucatu, SP - Brasil.
| | - Marcos F. Minicucci
- UNESPFaculdade de Medicina de BotucatuBotucatuSPBrasilFaculdade de Medicina de Botucatu – UNESP, Botucatu, SP - Brasil.
| | - Ana Angélica H. Fernandes
- UNESPInstituto de Biociências de BotucatuBotucatuSPBrasilInstituto de Biociências de Botucatu-UNESP, Botucatu, SP - Brasil.
| | - Suzana E. Tanni
- UNESPFaculdade de Medicina de BotucatuBotucatuSPBrasilFaculdade de Medicina de Botucatu – UNESP, Botucatu, SP - Brasil.
| | - Leonardo A. M. Zornoff
- UNESPFaculdade de Medicina de BotucatuBotucatuSPBrasilFaculdade de Medicina de Botucatu – UNESP, Botucatu, SP - Brasil.
| | - Sergio A. R. de Paiva
- UNESPFaculdade de Medicina de BotucatuBotucatuSPBrasilFaculdade de Medicina de Botucatu – UNESP, Botucatu, SP - Brasil.
- Centro de Pesquisa em AlimentosSão PauloSPBrasilCentro de Pesquisa em Alimentos, São Paulo, SP - Brasil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu C, Lu B, Wang Y, Jin C, Zhang Y, Ye J. Effects of dietary vitamin D 3 on growth performance, antioxidant capacities and innate immune responses in juvenile black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:2243-2256. [PMID: 32945979 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00876-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this experiment was used to investigate the effects of different contents of dietary vitamin D3 on the growth performance and antioxidant and innate immune responses in juvenile black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus. Black carp juveniles were fed six levels of dietary vitamin D3 (VD3) (96, 220, 412, 840, 1480, and 3008 IU/Kg) for 9 weeks. Results showed that highest weight gain (WG) and special growth ratio (SGR) were obtained at 534.2 IU/Kg dietary VD3 according to the second-order polynomial regression model. The protein efficiency ratio (PER) of black carp could be significantly increased by 412, 840, and 1480 IU/Kg dietary VD3 (p < 0.05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) were reduced by 412, 840, and 1480 IU/Kg dietary VD3 (p < 0.05). Adequate dietary VD3 content (412, 840, and 1480 IU/Kg) could significantly upregulate expression levels of lipoxygenase 5 (LPO 5); increase the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione reductase (GR); and improve GSH contents and total antioxidant capacities (T-AOC) in the liver of black carp. However, glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly reduced by adequate dietary VD3 content (412, 840, and 1480 IU/Kg) in the fish liver. In addition, 412, 840, and 1480 IU/Kg dietary VD3 could significantly upregulate the mRNA expression levels of interferon-α (IFN-α), lysozyme (LYZ), hepcidin (HEPC), natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (NRAMP), and complement component 3 (C3) and C9 in the hemocytes and liver of black carp juveniles compared with the VD3-deficient diet (96 IU/Kg). Meanwhile, higher contents of dietary VD3 could increase serum LYZ and ACP activities and C3 and C4 contents in black carp juveniles compared with the groups fed VD3-deficient diet. In conclusion, these results suggest that adequate dietary VD3 could increase growth performances, improve antioxidant capacities, and then enhance innate immune parameters in black carp juveniles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Wu
- School of Life Science, Huzhou University, 759 East 2nd Road, Huzhou, 313000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Lu
- School of Life Science, Huzhou University, 759 East 2nd Road, Huzhou, 313000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- School of Life Science, Huzhou University, 759 East 2nd Road, Huzhou, 313000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanmin Jin
- School of Life Science, Huzhou University, 759 East 2nd Road, Huzhou, 313000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixiang Zhang
- School of Life Science, Huzhou University, 759 East 2nd Road, Huzhou, 313000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyun Ye
- School of Life Science, Huzhou University, 759 East 2nd Road, Huzhou, 313000, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fouad H, Yahia S, Elsaid A, Hammad A, Wahba Y, El-Gilany AH, Abdel-Aziz AAF. Oxidative stress and vitamin D receptor BsmI gene polymorphism in Egyptian children with systemic lupus erythematosus: a single center study. Lupus 2019; 28:771-777. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203319846380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with unknown exact etiology. Vitamin D receptor gene ( VDR) and oxidative stress play important roles in the pathogenesis of SLE. Here we investigated the genotypes and allelic frequencies of VDR BsmI polymorphism as well as their relationship with oxidative stress markers in Egyptian SLE children. We conducted a cross-sectional comparative study at Mansoura University Children's Hospital, Egypt from 2014 to 2018 including 100 SLE children and 100 controls. We investigated both groups for VDR BsmI polymorphism using polymerase chain reaction. Oxidative stress was assessed using malondialdehyde, glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and total antioxidant capacity. BB genotype frequency was found to be significantly higher in the SLE group ( p = 0.04, odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 2.5 (1.01–5.9)). However, VDR B allele and b allele showed insignificant differences between SLE patients and controls ( p = 0.36, odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 1.2 (0.8–1.8)). Lower levels of glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity were found in the SLE group with statistically significant differences as regards glutathione S-transferase and superoxide dismutase ( p < 0.001). Serum malondialdehyde and catalase levels were significantly higher in the SLE group ( p < 0.001). No significant differences were found between VDR BsmI polymorphism (genotypes and alleles) and oxidative stress markers in the SLE group. In conclusion, BB genotype of VDR BsmI polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of SLE among Egyptian children. Oxidative stress may contribute in pathogenesis of SLE but is not associated with VDR BsmI polymorphism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hend Fouad
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Sohier Yahia
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Afaf Elsaid
- Genetic Unit, Biochemistry Section, Mansoura University Children's Hospital, Egypt
| | - Ayman Hammad
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Yahya Wahba
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li C, Yin S, Yin H, Cao L, Zhang T, Wang Y. Efficacy and Safety of 22-Oxa-Calcitriol in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Phase II Trial. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:9127-9135. [PMID: 30554233 PMCID: PMC6319165 DOI: 10.12659/msm.911628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcitriol (1 alpha, 25-dihydroxy vitamin D3) is a good vitamin D supplement but can cause hypercalcemia. Whereas, 22-oxa-1 alpha, 25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (22-oxa-calcitriol) has less hypercalcemic activity than calcitriol and is reported to be effective for cell-proliferative diseases. The objective of the study was to compare renal function and blood tests of arthritis patients receiving calcitriol supplements with those receiving 22-oxa-calcitriol supplements. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 369 patients with clinically confirmed rheumatoid arthritis were included in this phase II trial. Patients received lactose powder (the placebo group, n=123), 50 000 IU/week of 22-oxa-calcitriol (the treatment group, n=123), or 50 000 IU/week of calcitriol (the control group, n=123) for 6 weeks. At the time of enrollment and after 6 weeks of supplementation, renal function tests, blood tests, and secondary outcome measures were evaluated. One-way ANOVA and the chi-squared test for independence were performed for continuous data and constant data at a 95% of confidence level. RESULTS Both 22-oxa-calcitriol and calcitriol successfully decreased swollen joints in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and both improved Health Assessment Questionnaire Disease Activity Index scores and serum vitamin D levels. The intensity of improvement of serum vitamin D levels in both groups was the same (P<0.0001, q=0.24); however, calcitriol caused hypercalcemia (P<0.0001, q=12.59). CONCLUSIONS This study found that 22-oxa-calcitriol was a good option for vitamin D supplementation in rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaohong Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Songlou Yin
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Hanqiu Yin
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Lina Cao
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Neurology Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Surai P, Fisinin V. 25. Antioxidant system regulation: from vitamins to vitagenes. HANDBOOK OF CHOLESTEROL 2016. [DOI: 10.3920/978-90-8686-821-6_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P.F. Surai
- Feed-Food Ltd., 53 Dongola Road, KA7 3BN Ayr, UK
- Trakia University, Studentski Grad, Stara Zagora 6000, Bulgaria
- Szent Istvan University, Godollo 2103, Hungary
- Sumy National Agrarian University, Kirova Street 160, Sumy 40021, Ukraine
- Odessa National Academy of Food Technologies, Kanatna Street 112, Odessa 65000, Ukraine
| | - V.I. Fisinin
- All Russian Institute of Poultry Husbandry, Ptitzegradskaya Street 10, Sergiev Posad, Moscow region 141311, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Malinarich F, Duan K, Hamid RA, Bijin A, Lin WX, Poidinger M, Fairhurst AM, Connolly JE. High mitochondrial respiration and glycolytic capacity represent a metabolic phenotype of human tolerogenic dendritic cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:5174-86. [PMID: 25917094 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human dendritic cells (DCs) regulate the balance between immunity and tolerance through selective activation by environmental and pathogen-derived triggers. To characterize the rapid changes that occur during this process, we analyzed the underlying metabolic activity across a spectrum of functional DC activation states, from immunogenic to tolerogenic. We found that in contrast to the pronounced proinflammatory program of mature DCs, tolerogenic DCs displayed a markedly augmented catabolic pathway, related to oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid metabolism, and glycolysis. Functionally, tolerogenic DCs demonstrated the highest mitochondrial oxidative activity, production of reactive oxygen species, superoxide, and increased spare respiratory capacity. Furthermore, assembled, electron transport chain complexes were significantly more abundant in tolerogenic DCs. At the level of glycolysis, tolerogenic and mature DCs showed similar glycolytic rates, but glycolytic capacity and reserve were more pronounced in tolerogenic DCs. The enhanced glycolytic reserve and respiratory capacity observed in these DCs were reflected in a higher metabolic plasticity to maintain intracellular ATP content. Interestingly, tolerogenic and mature DCs manifested substantially different expression of proteins involved in the fatty acid oxidation (FAO) pathway, and FAO activity was significantly higher in tolerogenic DCs. Inhibition of FAO prevented the function of tolerogenic DCs and partially restored T cell stimulatory capacity, demonstrating their dependence on this pathway. Overall, tolerogenic DCs show metabolic signatures of increased oxidative phosphorylation programing, a shift in redox state, and high plasticity for metabolic adaptation. These observations point to a mechanism for rapid genome-wide reprograming by modulation of underlying cellular metabolism during DC differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frano Malinarich
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138673; Singapore Immunology Network, Singapore 138648; and
| | - Kaibo Duan
- Singapore Immunology Network, Singapore 138648; and
| | - Raudhah Abdull Hamid
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138673; Singapore Immunology Network, Singapore 138648; and
| | - Au Bijin
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138673; Singapore Immunology Network, Singapore 138648; and
| | - Wu Xue Lin
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138673; Singapore Immunology Network, Singapore 138648; and
| | | | | | - John E Connolly
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138673; Singapore Immunology Network, Singapore 138648; and Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schröder K. NADPH oxidases in bone homeostasis and osteoporosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:25-38. [PMID: 25167924 PMCID: PMC11114015 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1712-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone formation and degradation are perfectly coordinated. In case of an imbalance of these processes diseases occur associated with exaggerated formation of new bone or bone loss as in osteoporosis. Most studies investigating osteoporosis either focus on osteoblast or osteoclast function and differentiation. Both processes have been suggested to be affected by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Besides a potentially harmful role of ROS, these small molecules are important second messengers. The family of NADPH oxidases produces ROS in a controlled and targeted manner, to specifically regulate signal transduction. This review will highlight the role of reactive oxygen species in bone cell differentiation and bone-loss associated disease with a special focus on osteoporosis and NADPH oxidases as specialized sources of ROS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Schröder
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Fachbereich Medizin der Goethe-Universität, Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lancaster ST, Blackburn J, Blom A, Makishima M, Ishizawa M, Mansell JP. 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 cooperates with a stable, fluoromethylene LPA receptor agonist to secure human (MG63) osteoblast maturation. Steroids 2014; 83:52-61. [PMID: 24513053 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) agonists supporting human osteoblast (hOB) differentiation in the absence of bone resorption are attractive agents in a bone regenerative setting. One potential candidate fulfilling these roles is 24,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (24,25D). Over forty years ago it was reported that supraphysiological levels of 24,25D could stimulate intestinal calcium uptake and aid bone repair without causing bone calcium mobilisation. VDR agonists co-operate with certain growth factors to enhance hOB differentiation but whether 24,25D might act similarly in promoting cellular maturation has not been described. Given our discovery that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) co-operated with VDR agonists to enhance hOB maturation, we co-treated MG63 hOBs with 24,25D and a phosphatase-resistant LPA analog. In isolation 24,25D inhibited proliferation and stimulated osteocalcin expression. When co-administered with the LPA analog there were synergistic increases in alkaline phosphatase (ALP). These are encouraging findings which may help realise the future application of 24,25D in promoting osseous repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Tamar Lancaster
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Avon Orthopaedic Centre, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Julia Blackburn
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Avon Orthopaedic Centre, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Ashley Blom
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Avon Orthopaedic Centre, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Makoto Makishima
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Michiyasu Ishizawa
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Jason Peter Mansell
- Department of Biological, Biomedical & Analytical Sciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Somjen D, Kulesza U, Sharon O, Knoll E, Stern N. New vitamin D less-calcemic analog affect human bone cell line and cultured vascular smooth muscle cells similar to other less-calcemic analogs. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 140:1-6. [PMID: 24269661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Primary cultures of human bone and vascular cells respond to vitamin D treatment by modulation of cell proliferation measured by DNA synthesis (DNA) and energy metabolism measured by creatine kinase specific activity (CK) via binding to vitamin D receptors (VDR) which are expressed in these cells. Vitamin D compounds also modulate the response to estradiol-17β (E₂) and the expression mRNAs of estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ), VDR, 25-hydroxy vitamin D₃ 1-α hydroxylase (1OHase) and lipoxygenases (12LO and 15LO). We now compared our newly synthesized analog: 1α,25-dihydroxy-9-methylene-19-norvitamin D₃ JK152 (JK), on bone and vascular cells compared to other analogs. Human bone cell line SaOS₂ respond to JK by increased DNA and stimulated CK dose-dependently, similar to the less-calcemic analogs CB 1093 (CB) and EB 1089 (EB). JK also up-regulated the response to E₂ in terms of DNA and CK. JK inhibited DNA synthesis and increased CK in primary human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) dose-dependently similar to EB and CB. JK up regulated the response to E₂ in terms of CK with no effect on DNA. JK similar to CB and EB stimulated mRNA expression of VDR and ERα, 12LO and 15LO, with no effect on ERβ and 1OHase mRNA expression in SaOS₂ measured by real time PCR. Similar treatments of VSMC with JK, CB and EB stimulated 12LO and 15LO, VDR and ERα mRNA expression with no effect on ERβ and 1OHase mRNA expression. The results presented here demonstrate that the new vitamin D less-calcemic analog JK is similar to other analogs in its effects on human cultured cells and therefore may be used in combined hormone replacement treatment (HRT) both in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Somjen
- Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | - U Kulesza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - O Sharon
- Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - E Knoll
- Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - N Stern
- Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Luong KVQ, Nguyen LTH. Beneficial role of vitamin D3 in the prevention of certain respiratory diseases. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2013; 7:327-50. [PMID: 24056290 DOI: 10.1177/1753465813503029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is evidence of aberrations in the vitamin D-endocrine system in subjects with respiratory diseases. Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in patients with respiratory diseases, and patients who receive vitamin D have significantly larger improvements in inspiratory muscle strength and maximal oxygen uptake. Studies have provided an opportunity to determine which proteins link vitamin D to respiratory pathology, including the major histocompatibility complex class II molecules, vitamin D receptor, vitamin D-binding protein, chromosome P450, Toll-like receptors, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1, and the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Vitamin D also exerts its effect on respiratory diseases through cell signaling mechanisms, including matrix metalloproteinases, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, prostaglandins, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide synthase. In conclusion, vitamin D plays a significant role in respiratory diseases. The best form of vitamin D for use in the treatment of respiratory diseases is calcitriol because it is the active metabolite of vitamin D3 and modulates inflammatory cytokine expression. Further investigation of calcitriol in respiratory diseases is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khanh Vinh Quoc Luong
- Vietnamese American Medical Research Foundation, 14971 Brookhurst Street, Westminster, CA 92683, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
vinh quốc Lu'o'ng K, Nguyễn LTH. The beneficial role of vitamin D in obesity: possible genetic and cell signaling mechanisms. Nutr J 2013; 12:89. [PMID: 23800102 PMCID: PMC3702462 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-12-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity are considered an important public issue in the United States, and both of these conditions are increasing among both children and adults. There is evidence of aberrations in the vitamin D-endocrine system in obese subjects. Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in patients with obesity, and many studies have demonstrated the significant effect of calcitriol on adipocytes. Genetic studies have provided an opportunity to determine which proteins link vitamin D to obesity pathology, including the vitamin D receptor, toll-like receptors, the renin-angiotensin system, apolipoprotein E, vascular endothelial growth factor, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1. Vitamin D also exerts its effect on obesity through cell-signaling mechanisms, including matrix metalloproteinases, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, prostaglandins, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide synthase. In conclusion, vitamin D may have a role in obesity. The best form of vitamin D for use in the obese individuals is calcitriol because it is the active form of the vitamin D3 metabolite, its receptors are present in adipocytes, and modulates inflammatory cytokine expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khanh vinh quốc Lu'o'ng
- Vietnamese American Medical Research Foundation, 14971 Brookhurst Street, Westminster, CA 92683, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Somjen D, Katzburg S, Sharon O, Knoll E, Stern N. Estrogens and hyperglycemic modulation of mRNAs expressions involved in bone metabolism: an overshadowed association? Connect Tissue Res 2013; 54:176-80. [PMID: 23586476 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2013.772596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Human bone cell line (SaOS2) express different mRNAs involved in bone biology and physiology such as estrogen receptor α (ERα), estrogen receptor β (ERβ), vitamin D receptor (VDR), 1α, 25 hydroxy vitamin D(3) hydroxylase (1OHase) as well as 12 and 15 lipoxygenases (12LO and 15LO). These mRNAs are modulated by estrogenic compounds. Since the skeletal protective effects of estrogens are not discernible in diabetic women, we tested whether the expression of the parameters measured here and their modulations by estrogens, in SaOS2 cells grown in growth medium containing high glucose (HG; 9.0 g/L; 44 mM) compared to normal glucose (NG; 4.5 g/L; 22 mM). High Glucose (HG) significantly increased DNA synthesis and creatine kinase (CK) specific activity in SaOS2 cells. Stimulations of DNA but not of CK by E(2), by 4, 4', 4''-[4-propyl-(1H)-pyrazol-1, 3, 5- triyl] tris-phenol (PPT, ERα specific agonist), or by 2, 3-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile (DPN, ERβ specific agonist), were abolished by HG. HG itself upregulated the expression of mRNA of 12LO and 15LO and upregulated to much less extent of ERβ and VDR, but had no effect on the expression of mRNA of ERα and 1OHase. The different hormonal treatments modulated the expressions of 12LO and 15LO mRNAs which was reduced in HG, whereas the induction of their products 12HETE and 15HETE was only slightly affected by HG. The exact mechanism of HG effects on bone cell responses is yet to be investigated and its relationship to human bone physiology is not yet clear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Somjen
- Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Long KVQ, Nguyễn LTH. Roles of vitamin D in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: possible genetic and cellular signaling mechanisms. Mol Brain 2013; 6:16. [PMID: 23570271 PMCID: PMC3641959 DOI: 10.1186/1756-6606-6-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that there are aberrations in the vitamin D-endocrine system in subjects with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here, we review the relationship between vitamin D and ALS. Vitamin D deficiency was reported in patients with ALS. Dietary vitamin D3 supplementation improves functional capacity in the G93A transgenic mouse model of ALS. Genetic studies have provided an opportunity to identify the proteins that link vitamin D to ALS pathology, including major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules, toll-like receptors, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1, heme oxygenase-1, and calcium-binding proteins, as well as the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Vitamin D also exerts its effect on ALS through cell-signaling mechanisms, including glutamate, matrix metalloproteinases, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, prostaglandins, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide synthase. In conclusion, vitamin D may have a role in ALS. Further investigation of vitamin D in ALS patients is needed.
Collapse
|
15
|
The role of vitamin d in primary biliary cirrhosis: possible genetic and cell signaling mechanisms. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2013; 2013:602321. [PMID: 23589715 PMCID: PMC3622384 DOI: 10.1155/2013/602321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory disease of the liver of unknown etiology. Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in patients with PBC, and many studies have demonstrated the significant effect of calcitriol on liver cell physiology. Vitamin D has antiproliferative and antifibrotic effects on liver fibrosis. Genetic studies have provided an opportunity to determine which proteins link vitamin D to PBC pathology (e.g., the major histocompatibility complex class II molecules, the vitamin D receptor, toll-like receptors, apolipoprotein E, Nramp1, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4). Vitamin D also exerts its effect on PBC through cell signaling mechanisms, that is, matrix metalloproteinases, prostaglandins, reactive oxygen species, and the transforming growth factor betas. In conclusion, vitamin D may have a beneficial role in the treatment of PBC. The best form of vitamin D for use in the PBC is calcitriol because it is the active form of vitamin D3 metabolite, and its receptors are present in the sinusoidal endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, and stellate cells of normal livers, as well as in the biliary cell line.
Collapse
|
16
|
Lancaster S, Mansell JP. The role of lysophosphatidic acid on human osteoblast formation, maturation and the implications for bone health and disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.12.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
17
|
Lương KVQ, Nguyễn LTH. Theoretical basis of a beneficial role for vitamin D in viral hepatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:5338-50. [PMID: 23082050 PMCID: PMC3471102 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i38.5338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal bone metabolism and dysfunction of the calcium-parathyroid hormone-vitamin D axis have been reported in patients with viral hepatitis. Some studies suggested a relationship between vitamin D and viral hepatitis. Genetic studies have provided an opportunity to identify the proteins that link vitamin D to the pathology of viral hepatitis (i.e., the major histocompatibility complex class II molecules, the vitamin D receptor, cytochrome P450, the renin-angiotensin system, apolipoprotein E, liver X receptor, toll-like receptor, and the proteins regulated by the Sp1 promoter gene). Vitamin D also exerts its effects on viral hepatitis via non-genomic factors, i.e., matrix metalloproteinase, endothelial vascular growth factor, prostaglandins, cyclooxygenase-2, and oxidative stress. In conclusion, vitamin D could have a beneficial role in viral hepatitis. Calcitriol is best used for viral hepatitis because it is the active form of the vitamin D3 metabolite.
Collapse
|
18
|
Gigi R, Salai M, Dolkart O, Chechik O, Katzburg S, Stern N, Somjen D. The effects of direct factor Xa inhibitor (Rivaroxaban) on the human osteoblastic cell line SaOS2. Connect Tissue Res 2012; 53:446-50. [PMID: 22800431 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2012.711867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Thromboprophylaxis reduces the risk of surgery-related deep vein thrombosis, but anticoagulants were associated with systemic osteoporosis, a known risk factor for poor fracture healing. Rivaroxaban (XARELTO(®)) is a novel anticoagulant with specific ability to inhibit factor Xa, a serine endopeptidase, which plays a key role in coagulation. This study investigated the direct effects of rivaroxaban on bone biology using an in vitro cell culture model from the human female osteoblastic cell line SaOS2. Cells at subconfluence were treated for 24 hr with different concentrations of rivaroxaban and analyzed for DNA synthesis and creatine kinase- and alkaline phosphatase-specific activities, and were treated 21 days for analyzing mineralization. Rivaroxaban (0.01-50 μg/ml) dose-dependently inhibited up to 60% DNA synthesis of the cells. Creatine kinase-specific activity was also inhibited dose-dependently to a similar extent by the same concentrations. Alkaline phosphatase-specific activity was dose-dependently inhibited but only up to 30%. Cell mineralization was unaffected by 10 μg/ml rivaroxaban. This model demonstrated a significant rivaroxaban-induced reduction in osteoblastic cell growth and energy metabolism, and slight inhibition of the osteoblastic marker, alkaline phosphatase, while osteoblastic mineralization was unaffected. These findings might indicate that rivaroxaban inhibits the first stage of bone formation but does not affect later stages (i.e., bone mineralization).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roy Gigi
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
The beneficial role of vitamin D in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Clin Rheumatol 2012; 31:1423-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-012-2033-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
20
|
|
21
|
L Ng K, Nguyễn L. Role of vitamin d in Parkinson's disease. ISRN NEUROLOGY 2012; 2012:134289. [PMID: 22619734 PMCID: PMC3349248 DOI: 10.5402/2012/134289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common form of neurodegeneration in the elderly population. Clinically, it is characterized by tremor, rigidity, slowness of movement, and postural imbalance. A significant association between low serum vitamin D and PD has been demonstrated, suggesting that elevated vitamin D levels might provide protection against PD. Genetic studies have helped identify a number of proteins linking vitamin D to PD pathology, including the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, the vitamin D receptor (VDR), cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6), chromosome 22, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 gene (PARP-1), neurotrophic factor (NTF), and Sp1 transcription factor. Vitamin D has also been implicated in PD through its effects on L-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels (L-VSCC), nerve growth factor (NGF), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), prostaglandins (PGs) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS). A growing body of evidence suggests that vitamin D supplementation may be beneficial for PD patients. Among the different forms of vitamin D, calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) is best indicated for PD, because it is a highly active vitamin D3 metabolite with an appropriate receptor in the central nervous system (CNS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khanh L Ng
- Vietnamese American Medical Research Foundation, Westminster, CA 92683, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lu'o'ng KVQ, Nguyên LTH. The beneficial role of vitamin D in Alzheimer's disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2011; 26:511-20. [PMID: 22202127 PMCID: PMC10845314 DOI: 10.1177/1533317511429321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly individuals and is associated with progressive neurodegeneration of the human neocortex. Patients with AD have a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, which is also associated with low mood and impaired cognitive performance in older people. Genetic studies have provided the opportunity to determine which proteins link vitamin D to AD pathology (ie, the major histocompatibility complex class II molecules, vitamin D receptor, renin-angiotensin system, apolipoprotein E, liver X receptor, Sp1 promoter gene, and the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 gene). Vitamin D also exerts its effect on AD through nongenomic factors, that is, L-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels, nerve growth factor, the prostaglandins, cyclooxygenase 2, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide synthase. In conclusion, vitamin D clearly has a beneficial role in AD and improves cognitive function in some patients with AD. Calcitriol, 1 α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, is best used for AD because of its active form of vitamin D(3) metabolite and its receptor in the central nervous system.
Collapse
|
23
|
Weinstock-Guttman B, Zivadinov R, Ramanathan M. Inter-dependence of vitamin D levels with serum lipid profiles in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2011; 311:86-91. [PMID: 21849177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2011.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether vitamin D (VD) levels in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients exhibit inter-dependence with serum lipid profile variables (serum cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein or HDL, low-density lipoprotein or LDL, and triglycerides) and to investigate the associations with clinical disability measures. METHODS The study population consisted of consecutive 178 MS patients (age: 46.6±10.6 years; disease duration: 13.8±10.3 years). The patients were assessed for fasting lipid profile and VD obtained concomitantly. Neurological disability using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) was obtained within ±6 months of the lipid profile. The associations between the HDL, LDL, total cholesterol and total cholesterol to HDL ratio with deseasonalized VD levels and their relationships with EDSS and the MS Severity Score (MSSS) were analyzed using regression methods. RESULTS The cholesterol to HDL ratio was associated with the deseasonalized VD (r(p)=-0.18, p=0.019) and VD3 (r(p)=-0.17, p=0.028) levels. The probability of VD3 sufficiency was associated with HDL>60 mg/dl status (p=0.015, OR=0.42, 95% CI=0.20 to 0.86) and with total cholesterol to HDL ratio<3.5 status (p<0.001, OR=4.07, 95% CI=2.03 to 8.15). In stepwise regression models, EDSS was associated with total cholesterol to HDL ratio (p=0.008, r(p)=0.21) whereas MSSS was associated with deseasonalized 25-hydroxy VD3 (p=0.021, r(p)=-0.18). The probability of EDSS≥4.0 was also associated with total cholesterol to HDL ratio (p=0.011, OR=1.59, 95% CI=1.11 to 1.26). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest inter-dependence between the total cholesterol to HDL ratio and deseasonalized vitamin D levels in MS patients. Disability measures in MS are also associated with these inter-dependent variables.
Collapse
|