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Dysregulation of PGC-1α-Dependent Transcriptional Programs in Neurological and Developmental Disorders: Therapeutic Challenges and Opportunities. Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cells10020352
expr 820281011 + 880698691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence indicates that mitochondrial impairment contributes to neuronal dysfunction and vulnerability in disease states, leading investigators to propose that the enhancement of mitochondrial function should be considered a strategy for neuroprotection. However, multiple attempts to improve mitochondrial function have failed to impact disease progression, suggesting that the biology underlying the normal regulation of mitochondrial pathways in neurons, and its dysfunction in disease, is more complex than initially thought. Here, we present the proteins and associated pathways involved in the transcriptional regulation of nuclear-encoded genes for mitochondrial function, with a focus on the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α). We highlight PGC-1α’s roles in neuronal and non-neuronal cell types and discuss evidence for the dysregulation of PGC-1α-dependent pathways in Huntington’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, and developmental disorders, emphasizing the relationship between disease-specific cellular vulnerability and cell-type-specific patterns of PGC-1α expression. Finally, we discuss the challenges inherent to therapeutic targeting of PGC-1α-related transcriptional programs, considering the roles for neuron-enriched transcriptional coactivators in co-regulating mitochondrial and synaptic genes. This information will provide novel insights into the unique aspects of transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial function in neurons and the opportunities for therapeutic targeting of transcriptional pathways for neuroprotection.
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Dysregulation of PGC-1α-Dependent Transcriptional Programs in Neurological and Developmental Disorders: Therapeutic Challenges and Opportunities. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020352. [PMID: 33572179 PMCID: PMC7915819 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence indicates that mitochondrial impairment contributes to neuronal dysfunction and vulnerability in disease states, leading investigators to propose that the enhancement of mitochondrial function should be considered a strategy for neuroprotection. However, multiple attempts to improve mitochondrial function have failed to impact disease progression, suggesting that the biology underlying the normal regulation of mitochondrial pathways in neurons, and its dysfunction in disease, is more complex than initially thought. Here, we present the proteins and associated pathways involved in the transcriptional regulation of nuclear-encoded genes for mitochondrial function, with a focus on the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α). We highlight PGC-1α's roles in neuronal and non-neuronal cell types and discuss evidence for the dysregulation of PGC-1α-dependent pathways in Huntington's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and developmental disorders, emphasizing the relationship between disease-specific cellular vulnerability and cell-type-specific patterns of PGC-1α expression. Finally, we discuss the challenges inherent to therapeutic targeting of PGC-1α-related transcriptional programs, considering the roles for neuron-enriched transcriptional coactivators in co-regulating mitochondrial and synaptic genes. This information will provide novel insights into the unique aspects of transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial function in neurons and the opportunities for therapeutic targeting of transcriptional pathways for neuroprotection.
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Comment on: Molecular Functions of Thyroid Hormone Signaling in Regulation of Cancer Progression and Anti-Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082684. [PMID: 32294891 PMCID: PMC7215323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Yang N, Zhang H, Gao X, Miao L, Yao Z, Xu Y, Wang G. Role of irisin in Chinese patients with hypothyroidism: an interventional study. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:1592-1601. [PMID: 30722716 PMCID: PMC6460594 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518824445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Irisin is a myokine that greatly affects energy expenditure and systemic metabolism. While thyroid hormone is likely associated with irisin, a direct relationship remains to be fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate plasma irisin levels in Chinese patients with hypothyroidism. Methods A total of 155 subjects were divided into the hypothyroidism group or the control group. Fifty-seven patients in the hypothyroidism group received levothyroxine treatment. Baseline irisin levels were measured in the two groups and post-treatment levels were measured in the hypothyroidism group. Results Irisin levels were significantly lower in the hypothyroidism group than in the control group. In the hypothyroidism group, irisin levels were positively associated with free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine levels, and negatively associated with thyrotropin levels. In the hypothyroidism group, irisin levels were significantly increased after levothyroxine treatment. Multiple linear regression models showed that total cholesterol and free thyroxine levels were the only significant predictors of serum irisin levels. Conclusions Irisin levels are decreased in patients with hypothyroidism. Our results suggest that decreased irisin levels are directly associated with reduced thyroid hormone levels. These values may be restored after levothyroxine treatment in Chinese patients with hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Miao
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Campos JLO, Doratioto TR, Videira NB, Ribeiro Filho HV, Batista FAH, Fattori J, Indolfo NDC, Nakahira M, Bajgelman MC, Cvoro A, Laurindo FRM, Webb P, Figueira ACM. Protein Disulfide Isomerase Modulates the Activation of Thyroid Hormone Receptors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:784. [PMID: 30671024 PMCID: PMC6331412 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) are responsible for mediating thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) actions at a cellular level. They belong to the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily and execute their main functions inside the cell nuclei as hormone-regulated transcription factors. These receptors also exhibit so-called "non-classic" actions, for which other cellular proteins, apart from coregulators inside nuclei, regulate their activity. Aiming to find alternative pathways of TR modulation, we searched for interacting proteins and found that PDIA1 interacts with TRβ in a yeast two-hybrid screening assay. The functional implications of PDIA1-TR interactions are still unclear; however, our co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) and fluorescence assay results showed that PDI was able to bind both TR isoforms in vitro. Moreover, T3 appears to have no important role in these interactions in cellular assays, where PDIA1 was able to regulate transcription of TRα and TRβ-mediated genes in different ways depending on the promoter region and on the TR isoform involved. Although PDIA1 appears to act as a coregulator, it binds to a TR surface that does not interfere with coactivator binding. However, the TR:PDIA1 complex affinity and activation are different depending on the TR isoform. Such differences may reflect the structural organization of the PDIA1:TR complex, as shown by models depicting an interaction interface with exposed cysteines from both proteins, suggesting that PDIA1 might modulate TR by its thiol reductase/isomerase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. O. Campos
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research Energy and Materials (CNPEM), São Paulo, Brazil
- Graduation Program of Biosciences and Bioactive Products Technology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tabata R. Doratioto
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research Energy and Materials (CNPEM), São Paulo, Brazil
- Graduation Program of Biosciences and Bioactive Products Technology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalia B. Videira
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research Energy and Materials (CNPEM), São Paulo, Brazil
- Graduation Program of Biosciences and Bioactive Products Technology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helder V. Ribeiro Filho
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research Energy and Materials (CNPEM), São Paulo, Brazil
- Graduation Program of Biosciences and Bioactive Products Technology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda A. H. Batista
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research Energy and Materials (CNPEM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Fattori
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research Energy and Materials (CNPEM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalia de C. Indolfo
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research Energy and Materials (CNPEM), São Paulo, Brazil
- Graduation Program of Biosciences and Bioactive Products Technology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcel Nakahira
- Institute of Chemistry (IQ), State University of Campinas (Unicamp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio C. Bajgelman
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research Energy and Materials (CNPEM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aleksandra Cvoro
- Genomic Medicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Francisco R. M. Laurindo
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paul Webb
- California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Ana Carolina M. Figueira
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research Energy and Materials (CNPEM), São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Ana Carolina M. Figueira
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Little AG, Seebacher F. The evolution of endothermy is explained by thyroid hormone-mediated responses to cold in early vertebrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 217:1642-8. [PMID: 24829322 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.088880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of endothermy is one of the most intriguing and consistently debated topics in vertebrate biology, but the proximate mechanisms that mediated its evolution are unknown. Here, we suggest that the function of thyroid hormone in regulating physiological processes in response to cold is key to understanding the evolution of endothermy. We argue that the capacity of early chordates to produce thyroid hormone internally was the first step in this evolutionary process. Selection could then act on the capacity of thyroid hormone to regulate metabolism, muscle force production and cardiac performance to maintain their function against the negative thermodynamic effects of decreasing temperature. Thyroid-mediated cold acclimation would have been the principal selective advantage. The actions of thyroid hormone during cold acclimation in zebrafish are very similar to its role during endothermic thermogenesis. The thyroid-mediated increases in metabolism and locomotor performance in ectotherms eventually resulted in sufficient heat production to affect body temperature. From this point onwards, increased body temperature per se could be of selective advantage and reinforce thyroid-induced increases in physiological rates. Selection for increased body temperature would promote those mechanisms that maximise heat production, such as increased Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity, futile cycling by SERCA, and mitochondrial uncoupling, all of which are regulated by thyroid hormone. The specific end point of this broader evolutionary process would be endothermic thermoregulation. However, considering the evolution of endothermy in isolation is misleading because the selective advantages that drove the evolutionary process were independent from endothermy. In other words, without the selective advantages of thyroid-mediated cold acclimation in fish, there would be no endotherms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Little
- School of Biological Sciences A08, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Frank Seebacher
- School of Biological Sciences A08, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Suh JH, Sieglaff DH, Zhang A, Xia X, Cvoro A, Winnier GE, Webb P. SIRT1 is a direct coactivator of thyroid hormone receptor β1 with gene-specific actions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70097. [PMID: 23922917 PMCID: PMC3724829 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) NAD+-dependent deacetylase regulates energy metabolism by modulating expression of genes involved in gluconeogenesis and other liver fasting responses. While many effects of SIRT1 on gene expression are mediated by deacetylation and activation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor coactivator α (PGC-1α), SIRT1 also binds directly to DNA bound transcription factors, including nuclear receptors (NRs), to modulate their activity. Since thyroid hormone receptor β1 (TRβ1) regulates several SIRT1 target genes in liver and interacts with PGC-1α, we hypothesized that SIRT1 may influence TRβ1. Here, we confirm that SIRT1 cooperates with PGC-1α to enhance response to triiodothyronine, T3. We also find, however, that SIRT1 stimulates TRβ1 activity in a manner that is independent of PGC-1α but requires SIRT1 deacetylase activity. SIRT1 interacts with TRβ1 in vitro, promotes TRβ1 deacetylation in the presence of T3 and enhances ubiquitin-dependent TRβ1 turnover; a common response of NRs to activating ligands. More surprisingly, SIRT1 knockdown only strongly inhibits T3 response of a subset of TRβ1 target genes, including glucose 6 phosphatase (G-6-Pc), and this is associated with blockade of TRβ1 binding to the G-6-Pc promoter. Drugs that target the SIRT1 pathway, resveratrol and nicotinamide, modulate T3 response at dual TRβ1/SIRT1 target genes. We propose that SIRT1 is a gene-specific TRβ1 co-regulator and TRβ1/SIRT1 interactions could play important roles in regulation of liver metabolic response. Our results open possibilities for modulation of subsets of TR target genes with drugs that influence the SIRT1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ho Suh
- Genomic Medicine Program, Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Douglas H. Sieglaff
- Genomic Medicine Program, Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Genomic Medicine Program, Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xuefeng Xia
- Genomic Medicine Program, Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Aleksandra Cvoro
- Genomic Medicine Program, Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Glenn E. Winnier
- Genomic Medicine Program, Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Paul Webb
- Genomic Medicine Program, Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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