1
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Hegeman KA, Marlatt VL. Reproductive and thyroid endocrine axis cross-talk in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) alevins. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 312:113855. [PMID: 34284022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to characterize morphological and molecular effects in rainbow trout alevins after waterborne exposures to 17β-estradiol (E2; 0.0008 to 0.5 μg/L), triiodothyronine (T3; 0.52 to 65 μg/L), and various co-treatments for 21 to 23 days. Interestingly, there was no consistent evidence that E2 alone influenced growth, development or deformity rates, however, 65 μg/L T3 alone expedited development, and both 13 μg/L and 65 μg/L alone caused a unique opercular deformity not previously reported. In addition, some potentiation between E2 and T3 at lower concentrations suggests some cross-talk between these two hormonal pathways may also contribute to the development of this opercular deformity. Gene expression changes were observed, including induction of vtg in rainbow trout alevins at 0.02 μg/L concentration of E2, which is the lowest concentration reported to induce vtg in rainbow trout alevins. These data suggest low-level E2 does not negate abnormal growth and development caused by hyperthyroidism, and examining more time points is likely required to demonstrate a stronger response profile for individual hormones and endocrine axes cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Hegeman
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Biological Sciences, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Vicki L Marlatt
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Biological Sciences, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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2
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Peng Y, Wang XH, Su CN, Qiao WW, Gao Q, Sun XF, Meng LY. RNA-seq analysis of palatal transcriptome changes in all-trans retinoic acid-induced cleft palate of mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 80:103438. [PMID: 32569741 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cleft palate is a common congenital maxillofacial malformation in newborns. All-trans retinoic acid (atRA) is an ideal exogenous stimulus to construct a mouse cleft palate model. However, the precise pathogenic mechanism remains to be elucidated. In our study, to explore the toxicity of atRA on palatal shelves during different stages of palate development, a total of 100 mg/kg atRA was administered to C57BL/6 mice at embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5). Mouse embryonic palatal shelves at E13.5, E14.5, E15.5, and E16.5 were collected for RNA extraction and histological treatment. Changes in gene expression were tested through RNA-seq. Selected differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to metabolic pathways, such as Ptgds, Ttr, Cyp2g1, Ugt2a1 and Mgst3, were validated and analyzed by Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). In addition, Gene Oncology analysis showed that transcriptional changes of genes from extracellular matrix (ECM) components, such as Spp1, and crystallin family might play important role in palatal shelves elevation (E13.5-E14.5). Therefore, the protein expression level of Ttr and Spp1 from E13.5 to E16.5 were tested by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Besides, the mRNA level of Spp1, were down-regulated at E16.5 and the protein were down-regulated at E15.5 and E16.5 in all-trans retinoic acid group, suggesting that atRA may involve in palatal bone formation by regulating Spp1. Overall, gene transcriptional profiles were obviously different at each time point of palate development. Thus, this study summarized some pathways and genes that may be related to palatogenesis and cleft palate through RNA-seq, to provide a direction for subsequent studies on the mechanism and targeted therapy of cleft palate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Peng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xin-Huan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Chao-Nan Su
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Wei-Wei Qiao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Qian Gao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xue-Fei Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Liu-Yan Meng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.
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3
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Riera-Heredia N, Martins R, Mateus AP, Costa RA, Gisbert E, Navarro I, Gutiérrez J, Power DM, Capilla E. Temperature responsiveness of gilthead sea bream bone; an in vitro and in vivo approach. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11211. [PMID: 30046119 PMCID: PMC6060158 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29570-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the molecules involved in osteogenesis in seabream and establish using in vitro/in vivo approaches the responsiveness of selected key genes to temperature. The impact of a temperature drop from 23 to 13 °C was evaluated in juvenile fish thermally imprinted during embryogenesis. Both, in vitro/in vivo, Fib1a, appeared important in the first stages of bone formation, and Col1A1, ON and OP, in regulating matrix production and mineralization. OCN mRNA levels were up-regulated in the final larval stages when mineralization was more intense. Moreover, temperature-dependent differential gene expression was observed, with lower transcript levels in the larvae at 18 °C relative to those at 22 °C, suggesting bone formation was enhanced in the latter group. Results revealed that thermal imprinting affected the long-term regulation of osteogenesis. Specifically, juveniles under the low and low-to-high-temperature regimes had reduced levels of OCN when challenged, indicative of impaired bone development. In contrast, gene expression in fish from the high and high-to-low-temperature treatments was unchanged, suggesting imprinting may have a protective effect. Overall, the present study revealed that thermal imprinting modulates bone development in seabream larvae, and demonstrated the utility of the in vitro MSC culture as a reliable tool to investigate fish osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natàlia Riera-Heredia
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rute Martins
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ana Patrícia Mateus
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Rita A Costa
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Enric Gisbert
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | - Isabel Navarro
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Gutiérrez
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Deborah M Power
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Encarnación Capilla
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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4
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Fernández I, Ortiz-Delgado JB, Darias MJ, Hontoria F, Andree KB, Manchado M, Sarasquete C, Gisbert E. Vitamin A Affects Flatfish Development in a Thyroid Hormone Signaling and Metamorphic Stage Dependent Manner. Front Physiol 2017; 8:458. [PMID: 28713287 PMCID: PMC5492123 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A (VA) and retinoid derivatives are known morphogens controlling vertebrate development. Despite the research effort conducted during the last decade, the precise mechanism of how VA induces post-natal bone changes, and particularly those operating through crosstalk with the thyroid hormones (THs) remain to be fully understood. Since effects and mechanisms seem to be dose and time-dependent, flatfish are an interesting study model as they undergo a characteristic process of metamorphosis driven by THs that can be followed by external appearance. Here, we studied the effects of VA imbalance that might determine Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) skeletogenetic phenotype through development of thyroid follicles, THs homeostasis and signaling when a dietary VA excess was specifically provided during pre-, pro- or post-metamorphic stages using enriched rotifers and Artemia as carriers. The increased VA content in enriched live prey was associated to a higher VA content in fish at all developmental stages. Dietary VA content clearly affected thyroid follicle development, T3 and T4 immunoreactive staining, skeletogenesis and mineralization in a dose and time-dependent fashion. Gene expression analysis showed that VA levels modified the mRNA abundance of VA- and TH-specific nuclear receptors at specific developmental stages. Present results provide new and key knowledge to better understand how VA and TH pathways interact at tissue, cellular and nuclear level at different developmental periods in Senegalese sole, unveiling how dietary modulation might determine juvenile phenotype and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Fernández
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do AlgarveFaro, Portugal
| | | | - Maria J Darias
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, Institut de Recherche Pour le DéveloppementMontpellier, France
| | - Francisco Hontoria
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (CSIC)Torre de la Sal, Castellón, Spain
| | - Karl B Andree
- Unitat de Cultius Experimentals, Centre de Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Institute for Research and Technology in Food and AgricultureSant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | - Manuel Manchado
- IFAPA Centro "El Toruño," Junta de Andalucía, El Puerto de Santa MariaCádiz, Spain
| | | | - Enric Gisbert
- Unitat de Cultius Experimentals, Centre de Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Institute for Research and Technology in Food and AgricultureSant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
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5
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Cardeira J, Gavaia PJ, Fernández I, Cengiz IF, Moreira-Silva J, Oliveira JM, Reis RL, Cancela ML, Laizé V. Quantitative assessment of the regenerative and mineralogenic performances of the zebrafish caudal fin. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39191. [PMID: 27991522 PMCID: PMC5171864 DOI: 10.1038/srep39191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of zebrafish to fully regenerate its caudal fin has been explored to better understand the mechanisms underlying de novo bone formation and to develop screening methods towards the discovery of compounds with therapeutic potential. Quantifying caudal fin regeneration largely depends on successfully measuring new tissue formation through methods that require optimization and standardization. Here, we present an improved methodology to characterize and analyse overall caudal fin and bone regeneration in adult zebrafish. First, regenerated and mineralized areas are evaluated through broad, rapid and specific chronological and morphometric analysis in alizarin red stained fins. Then, following a more refined strategy, the intensity of the staining within a 2D longitudinal plane is determined through pixel intensity analysis, as an indicator of density or thickness/volume. The applicability of this methodology on live specimens, to reduce animal experimentation and provide a tool for in vivo tracking of the regenerative process, was successfully demonstrated. Finally, the methodology was validated on retinoic acid- and warfarin-treated specimens, and further confirmed by micro-computed tomography. Because it is easily implementable, accurate and does not require sophisticated equipment, the present methodology will certainly provide valuable technical standardization for research in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and skeletal biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Cardeira
- ProRegeM PhD Programme, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal.,Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Gavaia
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ignacio Fernández
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ibrahim Fatih Cengiz
- 3B's Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco GMR, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Portugal
| | | | - Joaquim Miguel Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco GMR, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco GMR, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Portugal
| | - M Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Vincent Laizé
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
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6
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Wang X, Gao Y, Shi H, Liu N, Zhang W, Li H. Influence of the intensity and loading time of direct current electric field on the directional migration of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Front Med 2016; 10:286-96. [PMID: 27324024 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-016-0456-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Exogenic electric fields can effectively accelerate bone healing and remodeling through the enhanced migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) toward the injured area. This study aimed to determine the following: (1) the direction of rat BMSC (rBMSC) migration upon exposure to a direct current electric field (DCEF), (2) the optimal DCEF intensity and duration, and (3) the possible regulatory role of SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in rBMSC migration as induced by DCEF. Results showed that rBMSCs migrated to the positive electrode of the DCEF, and that the DCEF of 200 mV/mm for 4 h was found to be optimal in enhancing rBMSC migration. This DCEF strength and duration also upregulated the expression of osteoblastic genes, including ALP and OCN, and upregulated the expression of ALP and Runx2 proteins. Moreover, when CXCR4 was inhibited, rBMSC migration due to DCEF was partially blocked. These findings indicated that DCEF can effectively induce rBMSC migration. A DCEF of 200 mV/mm for 4 h was recommended because of its ability to promote rBMSC migration, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. The SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway may play an important role in regulating the DCEF-induced migration of rBMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yuxuan Gao
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Haigang Shi
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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7
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Green AC, Martin TJ, Purton LE. The role of vitamin A and retinoic acid receptor signaling in post-natal maintenance of bone. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 155:135-46. [PMID: 26435449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin A and retinoid derivatives are recognized as morphogens that govern body patterning and skeletogenesis, producing profound defects when in excess. In post-natal bone, both high and low levels of vitamin A are associated with poor bone heath and elevated risk of fractures. Despite this, the precise mechanism of how retinoids induce post-natal bone changes remains elusive. Numerous studies have been performed to discover how retinoids induce these changes, revealing a complex morphogenic regulation of bone through interplay of different cell types. This review will discuss the direct and indirect effects of retinoids on mediators of bone turnover focusing on differentiation and activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts and explains why some discrepancies in this field have arisen. Importantly, the overall effect of retinoids on the skeleton is highly site-specific, likely due to differential regulation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts at trabecular vs. cortical periosteal and endosteal bone surfaces. Further investigation is required to discover the direct gene targets of retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and molecular mechanisms through which these changes occur. A clear role for RARs in regulating bone is now accepted and the therapeutic potential of retinoids in treating bone diseases has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna C Green
- St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia.
| | - T John Martin
- St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Louise E Purton
- St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
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8
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Fernández I, López-Joven C, Andree KB, Roque A, Gisbert E. Vitamin A supplementation enhances Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) early juvenile's immunocompetence: New insights on potential underlying pathways. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 46:703-709. [PMID: 26272637 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) has been considered since the 1990's to be a promising flatfish species for diversifying European marine aquaculture. However, pathogen outbreaks leading to high mortality rates can impair Senegalese sole commercial production at the weaning phase. Different approaches have been shown to improve fish immunocompetence; with this in mind the objective of the work described herein was to determine whether increased levels of dietary vitamin A (VA) improve the immune response in early juveniles of Senegalese sole. For this purpose, Senegalese sole were reared and fed with Artemia metanauplii containing increased levels of VA (37,000; 44,666; 82,666 and 203,000 total VA IU Kg(-1)) from 6 to 60 days post-hatch (early juvenile stage). After an induced bacterial infection with a 50% lethal dose of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae, survival rate, as well as underlying gene expression of specific immune markers (C1inh, C3, C9, Lgals1, Hamp, LysC, Prdx1, Steap4 and Transf) were evaluated. Results showed that fish fed higher doses of dietary VA were more resistant to the bacterial challenge. The lower mortality was found to be related with differential expression of genes involved in the complement system and iron availability. We suggest that feeding metamorphosed Senegalese sole with 203,000 total VA IU Kg(-1) might be an effective, inexpensive and environmentally friendly method to improve Senegalese sole immunocompetence, thereby improving survival of juveniles and reducing economic losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Fernández
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR/CIMAR-LA), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; IRTA, Centre de Sant Carles de la Ràpita (IRTA-SCR), Unitat de Cultius Experimentals, Crta. del Poble Nou s/n, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain.
| | - Carmen López-Joven
- IRTA, Centre de Sant Carles de la Ràpita (IRTA-SCR), Unitat de Cultius Experimentals, Crta. del Poble Nou s/n, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain; Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE, UMR 5244), Ifremer, CNRS, University of Montpellier, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC80, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Karl B Andree
- IRTA, Centre de Sant Carles de la Ràpita (IRTA-SCR), Unitat de Cultius Experimentals, Crta. del Poble Nou s/n, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | - Ana Roque
- IRTA, Centre de Sant Carles de la Ràpita (IRTA-SCR), Unitat de Cultius Experimentals, Crta. del Poble Nou s/n, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | - Enric Gisbert
- IRTA, Centre de Sant Carles de la Ràpita (IRTA-SCR), Unitat de Cultius Experimentals, Crta. del Poble Nou s/n, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
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9
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Green AC, Poulton IJ, Vrahnas C, Häusler KD, Walkley CR, Wu JY, Martin TJ, Gillespie MT, Chandraratna RAS, Quinn JMW, Sims NA, Purton LE. RARγ is a negative regulator of osteoclastogenesis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 150:46-53. [PMID: 25800721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin A is known to influence post-natal bone content, with excess intake being associated with reduced bone mineral density and increased fracture risk. Despite this, the roles retinoids play in regulating osteoclastogenesis, particularly in vivo, remain unresolved. This study therefore aimed to determine the effect of loss of retinoic acid receptors (RAR)α or RARγ on bone mass (analyzed by histomorphometry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and osteoclastogenesis in mice in vivo. RARγ null mice had significantly less trabecular bone at 8 weeks of age compared to wildtype littermates. In contrast, no change in trabecular bone mass was detected in RARα null mice at this age. Further histomorphometric analysis revealed a significantly greater osteoclast surface in bones from 8-week-old RARγ null male mice. This in vivo effect was cell lineage autonomous, and was associated with increased osteoclastogenesis in vitro from hematopoietic cells obtained from 8-week-old RARγ null male mice. The use of highly selective agonists in RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation of wild type mouse whole bone marrow cells and RAW264.7 cells in vitro showed a stronger inhibitory effect of RARγ than RARα agonists, suggesting that RARγ is a more potent inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore, NFAT activation was also more strongly inhibited by RARγ than RARα agonists. While RARα and RARγ antagonists did not significantly affect osteoclast numbers in vitro, larger osteoclasts were observed in cultures stimulated with the antagonists, suggesting increased osteoclast fusion. Further investigation into the effect of retinoids in vivo revealed that oral administration of 5mg/kg/day ATRA for 10 days protected against bone loss induced by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) by inhibiting the pro-osteoclastogenic action of G-CSF. Collectively, our data indicates a physiological role for RARγ as a negative regulator of osteoclastogenesis in vivo and in vitro, and reveals distinct influences of RARα and RARγ in bone structure regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna C Green
- St. Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | | | - Christina Vrahnas
- St. Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Karl D Häusler
- St. Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Carl R Walkley
- St. Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Joy Y Wu
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305, USA
| | - T John Martin
- St. Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Matthew T Gillespie
- MIMR-PHI Institute, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | | | - Julian M W Quinn
- MIMR-PHI Institute, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia; The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010 Australia
| | - Natalie A Sims
- St. Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Louise E Purton
- St. Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia.
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10
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Fernández I, Vijayakumar P, Marques C, Cancela ML, Gavaia PJ, Laizé V. Zebrafish vitamin K epoxide reductases: expression in vivo, along extracellular matrix mineralization and under phylloquinone and warfarin in vitro exposure. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:745-759. [PMID: 25792234 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0043-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin K (VK) acts as a cofactor driving the biological activation of VK-dependent proteins and conferring calcium-binding properties to them. As a result, VK is converted into VK epoxide, which must be recycled by VK epoxide reductases (Vkors) before it can be reused. Although VK has been shown to play a central role in fish development, particularly during skeletogenesis, pathways underlying VK actions are poorly understood, while good and reliable molecular markers for VK cycle/homeostasis are still lacking in fish. In the present work, expression of 2 zebrafish vkor genes was characterized along larval development and in adult tissues through qPCR analysis. Zebrafish cell line ZFB1 was used to evaluate in vitro regulation of vkors and other VK cycle-related genes during mineralization and upon 24 h exposure to 0.16 and 0.8 µM phylloquinone (VK1), 0.032 µM warfarin, or a combination of both molecules. Results showed that zebrafish vkors are differentially expressed during larval development, in adult tissues, and during cell differentiation/mineralization processes. Further, several VK cycle intermediates were differentially expressed in ZFB1 cells exposed to VK1 and/or warfarin. Present work provides data identifying different developmental stages and adult tissues where VK recycling is probably highly required, and shows how genes involved in VK cycle respond to VK nutritional status in skeletal cells. Expression of vkor genes can represent a reliable indicator to infer VK nutritional status in fish, while ZFB1 cells could represent a suitable in vitro tool to get insights into the mechanisms underlying VK action on fish bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Fernández
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal,
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Fish: a suitable system to model human bone disorders and discover drugs with osteogenic or osteotoxic activities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ddmod.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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