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Gottlieb C, Henrich M, Liu PT, Yacoubian V, Wang J, Chun R, Adams JS. High- Throughput CAMP Assay (HiTCA): A Novel Tool for Evaluating the Vitamin D-Dependent Antimicrobial Response. Nutrients 2023; 15:1380. [PMID: 36986109 PMCID: PMC10051182 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is known to modulate human immune responses, and vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased susceptibility to infection. However, what constitutes sufficient levels or whether vitamin D is useful as an adjuvant therapeutic is debated, much in part because of inadequate elucidation of mechanisms underlying vitamin D's immune modulatory function. Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) has potent broad-spectrum activity, and the CAMP gene is regulated in human innate immune cells by active 1,25(OH)2D3, a product of hydroxylation of inactive 25(OH)D3 by CYP27B1-hydroxylase. We developed a CRISPR/Cas9-edited human monocyte-macrophage cell line containing the mCherry fluorescent reporter gene at the 3' end of the endogenous CAMP gene. The High Throughput CAMP Assay (HiTCA) developed here is a novel tool for evaluating CAMP expression in a stable cell line that is scalable for a high-throughput workflow. Application of HiTCA to serum samples from a small number of human donors (n = 10) showed individual differences in CAMP induction that were not fully accounted for by the serum vitamin D metabolite status of the host. As such, HiTCA may be a useful tool that can advance our understanding of the human vitamin D-dependent antimicrobial response, which is being increasingly appreciated for its complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carter Gottlieb
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mason Henrich
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Philip T. Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Vahe Yacoubian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jeffery Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rene Chun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - John S. Adams
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Vanichkulbodee A, Romposra M, Inboriboon PC, Trongtrakul K. Effects of vitamin D insufficiency on sepsis severity and risk of hospitalisation in emergency department patients: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e064985. [PMID: 36653058 PMCID: PMC9853214 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level on sepsis severity and risk of hospitalisation in emergency department (ED) septic patients when categorised as vitamin D insufficiency according to the level of 25(OH)D<30 ng/mL. DESIGN Cross-sectional observational study. SETTING A 900-bed academic tertiary hospital with an ED residency training programme in Bangkok, Thailand. PARTICIPANTS An observational study of 101 ED septic patients aged ≥18 years was conducted between March 2015 and September 2015. OUTCOME MEASURES The level of 25(OH)D was analysed and correlated with sepsis severity assessed by Acute Physiology Age Chronic Health Evaluation-II (APACHE-II) and Mortality in ED Sepsis (MEDS) scores, and the risk of hospitalisation. RESULTS One hundred and one patients were enrolled, with an average age of 68±18 years, 56% female, APACHE-II score of 14±6, MEDS score of 8±5 and 25(OH)D level was 19±11 ng/mL. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in our ED septic patients was 87% and the admission rate was 88%. A significant association between 25(OH)D level and sepsis severity scores was found, which was measured by APACHE-II and MEDS scores (-0.29; 95% CI -0.41 to -0.17, p<0.001 and -0.15; 95% CI -0.25 to -0.06, p=0.002, respectively). However, vitamin D insufficiency could not determine hospitalisation (OR=1.42; 95% CI 0.27 to 7.34; p=0.68 and OR=1.65; 95% CI 0.07 to 41.7; p=0.76 when adjusted by baseline covariates). CONCLUSIONS The vitamin D insufficiency of septic patients in our ED was high and had a significant negative association with sepsis severity. However, vitamin D insufficiency status cannot predict the hospitalisation of septic patients who were admitted to the ED. Further research is needed to investigate the role of vitamin D supplementation in the ED in affecting sepsis severity. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER TCTR20151127001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissara Vanichkulbodee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Navamindradhiraj University, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Muditha Romposra
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Navamindradhiraj University, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
- Emergency Room, Sukhumvit Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Konlawij Trongtrakul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Critical Care, Navamindradhiraj University, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Chiang Mai University, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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3
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Qurban R, Saeed S, Kanwal W, Junaid K, Rehman A. Potential immune modulatory effect of vitamin D in HIV infection: A review. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 47:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sakalyte R, Denkovskij J, Bernotiene E, Stropuviene S, Mikulenaite SO, Kvederas G, Porvaneckas N, Tutkus V, Venalis A, Butrimiene I. The Expression of Inflammasomes NLRP1 and NLRP3, Toll-Like Receptors, and Vitamin D Receptor in Synovial Fibroblasts From Patients With Different Types of Knee Arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 12:767512. [PMID: 35126351 PMCID: PMC8807559 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.767512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fibroblasts (SFs) are among the most important cells promoting RA pathogenesis. They are considered active contributors to the initiation, progression, and perpetuation of the disease; therefore, early detection of RASF activation could advance contemporary diagnosis and adequate treatment of undifferentiated early inflammatory arthritis (EA). In this study, we investigated the expression of nucleotide-binding, oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing (NLRP)1, NLRP3 inflammasomes, Toll-like receptor (TLR)1, TLR2, TLR4, vitamin D receptor (VDR), and secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in SFs isolated from patients with RA, osteoarthritis (OA), EA, and control individuals (CN) after knee surgical intervention. C-reactive protein, general blood test, anticyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP), rheumatoid factor (RF), and vitamin D (vitD) in patients’ sera were performed. Cells were stimulated or not with 100 ng/ml tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) or/and 1 nM or/and 0.01 nM vitamin D3 for 72 h. The expression levels of NLRP1, NLRP3, TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, and VDR in all examined SFs were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Additionally, the secretion of IL-1β by SFs and MMPs were determined by ELISA and Luminex technology. The expression of NLRP3 was correlated with the levels of CRP, RF, and anti-CCP, suggesting its implication in SF inflammatory activation. In the TNF-α-stimulated SFs, a significantly lower expression of NLRP3 and TLR4 was observed in the RA group, compared with the other tested forms of arthritis. Moreover, upregulation of NLRP3 expression by TNF-α alone or in combination with vitD3 was observed, further indicating involvement of NLRP3 in the inflammatory responses of SFs. Secretion of IL-1β was not detected in any sample, while TNF-α upregulated the levels of secreted MMP-1, MMP-7, MMP-8, MMP-12, and MMP-13 in all patient groups. Attenuating effects of vitD on the expression of NLRP3, TLR1, and TLR4 suggest potential protective effects of vitD on the inflammatory responses in SFs. However, longer studies may be needed to confirm or fully rule out the potential implication of vitD in SF activation in inflammatory arthritis. Both VDR and NLRP3 in the TNF-α-stimulated SFs negatively correlated with the age of patients, suggesting potential age-related changes in the local inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Sakalyte
- The Clinic of Rheumatology, Traumatology Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine of the Faculty of Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Department of Experimental, Preventative and Clinic Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
- *Correspondence: Regina Sakalyte,
| | - Jaroslav Denkovskij
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Eiva Bernotiene
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, The Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius Tech, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sigita Stropuviene
- The Clinic of Rheumatology, Traumatology Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine of the Faculty of Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Department of Experimental, Preventative and Clinic Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Silvija Ona Mikulenaite
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Giedrius Kvederas
- The Clinic of Rheumatology, Traumatology Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine of the Faculty of Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Narunas Porvaneckas
- The Clinic of Rheumatology, Traumatology Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine of the Faculty of Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Tutkus
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Anthropology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Algirdas Venalis
- The Clinic of Rheumatology, Traumatology Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine of the Faculty of Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Department of Experimental, Preventative and Clinic Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Irena Butrimiene
- The Clinic of Rheumatology, Traumatology Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine of the Faculty of Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Department of Experimental, Preventative and Clinic Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
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25-Hydroxyvitamin D potentializes extracellular cathelicidin release from human PBMC stimulated ex vivo with either bacterial (LPS) or viral (P: IC) mimetics. J Physiol Biochem 2022; 78:335-342. [PMID: 34985728 PMCID: PMC8727486 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00868-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human cathelicidin refers to the cationic antimicrobial peptide hCAP18/LL-37. LL-37 is formed by cleavage of the propeptide hCAP18 coded by the CAMP gene. The active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)D), has been shown to induce the CAMP gene expression through promoter activation. We previously failed to demonstrate in a clinical trial that supplementation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) improves LL-37 serum levels. The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of 25(OH)D supplementation on intracellular expression of CAMP and secretion of LL-37 in an ex vivo model using the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). PBMC collected from healthy donors and incubated with different concentrations of 25(OH)D (0 ng/ml: control (D0); 25 ng/ml: deficient (D25); 75 ng/ml: physiological (D75); 125 ng/ml: supraphysiological (D125)) were stimulated or not with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 ng/ml) or synthetic double-stranded RNA Poly (I: C) (PIC, 10 µg/ml). The intracellular expressions of the CAMP gene and the hCAP18 peptide were measured respectively after 24-h and 48-h incubation periods. The concentration of LL-37 was determined in the culture medium after 48-h incubation. 25(OH)D significantly induced CAMP gene expression at 24 h with a maximum effect at a dose of D125 in either unstimulated (tenfold expression) or stimulated (LPS: 100-fold expression; PIC: 15-fold expression) conditions. Intracellular hCAP18 peptide was overexpressed at 48 h under unstimulated (1.5-fold, D125) and stimulated conditions, LPS (twofold, D125) and PIC (2.5-fold, D125). The secretion of LL-37 in the culture medium was significantly induced by 25(OH)D only in both stimulated (LPS and PIC) conditions in a dose-dependent manner. Our results demonstrate that 25(OH)D incubation increases intracellular expression of CAMP and hCAP18, but extracellular secretion of LL-37 antimicrobial peptide is increased by 25(OH)D only when PBMC from healthy donors were stimulated with bacterial or viral immune mimetic.
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Detopoulou P, Demopoulos CA, Antonopoulou S. Micronutrients, Phytochemicals and Mediterranean Diet: A Potential Protective Role against COVID-19 through Modulation of PAF Actions and Metabolism. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020462. [PMID: 33573169 PMCID: PMC7911163 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an emerging situation with high rates of morbidity and mortality, in the pathophysiology of which inflammation and thrombosis are implicated. The disease is directly connected to the nutritional status of patients and a well-balanced diet is recommended by official sources. Recently, the role of platelet activating factor (PAF) was suggested in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. In the present review several micronutrients (vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin D, selenium, omega-3 fatty acids, and minerals), phytochemicals and Mediterranean diet compounds with potential anti-COVID activity are presented. We further underline that the well-known anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic actions of the investigated nutrients and/or holistic dietary schemes, such as the Mediterranean diet, are also mediated through PAF. In conclusion, there is no single food to prevent coronavirus Although the relationship between PAF and COVID-19 is not robust, a healthy diet containing PAF inhibitors may target both inflammation and thrombosis and prevent the deleterious effects of COVID-19. The next step is the experimental confirmation or not of the PAF-COVID-19 hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Detopoulou
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, General Hospital Korgialenio Benakio, 11526 Athens, Greece;
| | - Constantinos A. Demopoulos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 16121 Athens, Greece;
| | - Smaragdi Antonopoulou
- Laboratory of Biology, Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Street, 17671 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-954-9230; Fax: +30-210-957-7050
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7
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Tang D, Liu W, Huang L, Cheng L, Xu Z. Efficient biotransformation of vitamin D 3 to 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 by a newly isolated Bacillus cereus strain. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:765-774. [PMID: 31776608 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10250-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
25-hydroxyvitamin D3 has attracted considerable attention due to its great medical value and huge market demand in animal husbandry. Microbial production of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 has been recognized as an alternative superior to traditional chemical synthesis. In this study, a Gram-positive bacteria zju 4-2 (CCTCC M 2019385) was isolated from the soil using vitamin D3 as the sole carbon source and was identified as Bacillus cereus according to its physiological characteristics and 16S rRNA analysis, which also showed a relatively high capacity for 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 production. Through systematic optimization of different catalytic conditions, the optimal solvent system of vitamin D3, vitamin D3 addition time and concentration, temperature, and pH were shown to be propylene glycol/ethanol (v/v = 9:1), early stationary phase, 2 g/L, 37 °C, and pH 7.2, respectively. With these optimal conditions, 796 mg/L of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 was achieved after 48 h bioconversion with zju 4-2 at the shake flask level. Finally, up to 830 mg/L 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 with a yield of 41.5% was obtained in a 5 L fermentation tank. Our developed biotransformation process with this newly isolated strain provides a platform to produce 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 efficiently at industrialization scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering (Education Ministry), College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering (Education Ministry), College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering (Education Ministry), College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Leming Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Zhinan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering (Education Ministry), College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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Alvarez N, Aguilar-Jimenez W, Rugeles MT. The Potential Protective Role of Vitamin D Supplementation on HIV-1 Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2291. [PMID: 31611877 PMCID: PMC6773828 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV infection remains a global and public health issue with the incidence increasing in some countries. Despite the fact that combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has decreased mortality and increased the life expectancy of HIV-infected individuals, non-AIDS conditions, mainly those associated with a persistent inflammatory state, have emerged as important causes of morbidity, and mortality despite effective antiviral therapy. One of the most common comorbidities in HIV-1 patients is Vitamin D (VitD) insufficiency, as VitD is a hormone that, in addition to its physiological role in mineral metabolism, has pleiotropic effects on immune regulation. Several reports have shown that VitD levels decrease during HIV disease progression and correlate with decreased survival rates, highlighting the importance of VitD supplementation during infection. An extensive review of 29 clinical studies of VitD supplementation in HIV-infected patients showed that regardless of cART, when VitD levels were increased to normal ranges, there was a decrease in inflammation, markers associated with bone turnover, and the risk of secondary hyperparathyroidism while the anti-bacterial response was increased. Additionally, in 3 of 7 studies, VitD supplementation led to an increase in CD4+ T cell count, although its effect on viral load was inconclusive since most patients were on cART. Similarly, previous evidence from our laboratory has shown that VitD can reduce the infection of CD4+ T cells in vitro. The effect of VitD supplementation on other HIV-associated conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemia or hypertension, warrants further exploration. Currently, the available evidence suggests that there is a potential role for VitD supplementation in people living with HIV-1, however, comprehensive studies are required to define an adequate supplementation protocol for these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Alvarez
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Medellín, Colombia
| | - Wbeimar Aguilar-Jimenez
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Medellín, Colombia
| | - Maria T Rugeles
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Medellín, Colombia
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Minisola S, Pepe J, Donato P, Vigna E, Occhiuto M, Ferrone F, Biamonte F, Cecchetti V, Danese VC, Sonato C, BIondi P, Colangelo L, Cipriani C. Replenishment of vitamin D status: theoretical and practical considerations. Hormones (Athens) 2019; 18:3-5. [PMID: 29949127 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-018-0040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Minisola
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, "Sapienza", Rome University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Jessica Pepe
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, "Sapienza", Rome University, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Donato
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, "Sapienza", Rome University, Rome, Italy
| | - Evelina Vigna
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, "Sapienza", Rome University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Occhiuto
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, "Sapienza", Rome University, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Ferrone
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, "Sapienza", Rome University, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Biamonte
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, "Sapienza", Rome University, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Cecchetti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, "Sapienza", Rome University, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittoria Carmela Danese
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, "Sapienza", Rome University, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Sonato
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, "Sapienza", Rome University, Rome, Italy
| | - Piergianni BIondi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, "Sapienza", Rome University, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Colangelo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, "Sapienza", Rome University, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Cipriani
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, "Sapienza", Rome University, Rome, Italy
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Daily Nutritional Supplementation with Vitamin D₃ and Phenylbutyrate to Treatment-Naïve HIV Patients Tested in a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11010133. [PMID: 30634590 PMCID: PMC6356462 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor nutritional status is common among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients including vitamin D (vitD₃) deficiency. We conducted a double-blinded, randomized, and placebo-controlled trial in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, to investigate if daily nutritional supplementation with vitD₃ (5000 IU) and phenylbutyrate (PBA, 2 × 500 mg) could mediate beneficial effects in treatment-naïve HIV patients. Primary endpoint: the change in plasma HIV-1 comparing week 0 to 16 using modified intention-to-treat (mITT, n = 197) and per-protocol (n = 173) analyses. Secondary endpoints: longitudinal HIV viral load, T cell counts, body mass index (BMI), middle-upper-arm circumference (MUAC), and 25(OH)D₃ levels in plasma. Baseline characteristics were detectable viral loads (median 7897 copies/mL), low CD4⁺ (median 410 cells/µL), and elevated CD8⁺ (median 930 cells/µL) T cell counts. Most subjects were vitD₃ deficient at enrolment, but a gradual and significant improvement of vitD₃ status was demonstrated in the vitD₃ + PBA group compared with placebo (p < 0.0001) from week 0 to 16 (median 37.5 versus 115.5 nmol/L). No significant changes in HIV viral load, CD4⁺ or CD8⁺ T cell counts, BMI or MUAC could be detected. Clinical adverse events were similar in both groups. Daily vitD₃ + PBA for 16 weeks was well-tolerated and effectively improved vitD₃ status but did not reduce viral load, restore peripheral T cell counts or improve BMI or MUAC in HIV patients with slow progressive disease. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01702974.
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Monthly or Weekly Supplementation with Cholecalciferol 20,000 IU in People Living with HIV: Results from a Nested Cohort Study. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2018; 2018:7502127. [PMID: 30245713 PMCID: PMC6139192 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7502127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is still considerable uncertainty in handling vitamin D deficiency in people living with HIV (PLWH), due to a lack of comparative data and the wide range of recommended daily intake. Nondaily supplementation might be preferred in many PLWH, but recommendation on dosing has not been established. We aimed to compare the efficacy of weekly versus monthly supplementation with cholecalciferol 20,000 IU in a group of PLWH with vitamin D deficiency in Western Europe. Study Design Longitudinal, retrospective nested cohort study of PLWH from two large clinical care centers in Munich, Germany. Results Of 307 patients with vitamin D deficiency, 124 patients received vitamin D supplementation (weekly supplementation in 84 (67.7%)). 46.4% and 22.5% of patients achieved 25(OH)D levels ≥30 ng/mL after 12 months of weekly and monthly supplementation with cholecalciferol 20,000 IU, respectively (p=0.011). Dosing interval as well as 25(OH)D baseline levels >15 ng/mL were associated with the normalization of 25(OH)D. Conclusion A higher rate of 25(OH)D level normalization can be achieved via weekly supplementation. For several PLWH, even a weekly dose of cholecalciferol 20,000 IU might not be adequate to maintain 25(OH)D levels >30 ng/mL without an initial "loading" dose. The response to supplementation is poorly predictable at an individual level.
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12
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Gupta V, Tangpricha V, Yow E, McComsey GA, Schanberg L, Robinson AB. Analysis of relationships between 25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone and cathelicidin with inflammation and cardiovascular risk in subjects with paediatric systemic lupus erythematosus: an Atherosclerosis Prevention in Paediatric Lupus Erythematosus (APPLE) study. Lupus Sci Med 2018; 5:e000255. [PMID: 29955369 PMCID: PMC6018862 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2017-000255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Previous studies demonstrated associations between reduced serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), inflammation and disease activity in paediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (pSLE). The goal of this study was to assess parathyroid hormone (PTH) in its relationship to vitamin D and inflammation, as well as to better understand the role of human cathelicidin (LL-37) in pSLE. Methods Frozen serum samples collected at baseline of the Atherosclerosis Prevention in Paediatric Lupus Erythematosus (APPLE) study were assayed to determine 25OHD, PTH and LL-37 levels. Pearson’s correlations and Χ2 tests were used to evaluate the relationships between 25OHD, PTH, LL-37, inflammation, disease activity and infection using baseline values collected as part of the APPLE study. Results 201/221 APPLE participants had serum available for analysis. Serum 25OHD was inversely associated with serum PTH, but not LL-37. Serum PTH was not associated with high sensitivity C-reactive protein, carotid intima media thickness or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, but was negatively associated with lipoprotein(a) levels. Despite no association with serum 25OHD, LL-37 was negatively associated with total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol and positively associated with age. There was no significant difference in mean LL-37 levels in participants with reported infection as an adverse event during the 3-year APPLE study. Conclusions Despite links to vitamin D levels in other studies, LL-37 levels were not associated with baseline serum 25OHD concentrations in paediatric patients with pSLE. Despite the lack of correlation with 25OHD, LL-37 levels in this study were associated with cholesterol levels. Some subjects with pSLE have significantly elevated levels of LL-37 of unknown significance. These exploratory results addressing the role of LL-37 levels in pSLE appear worthy of future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Gupta
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Vin Tangpricha
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Eric Yow
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Grace A McComsey
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Laura Schanberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Angela Byun Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital/ Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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13
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Arababadi MK, Nosratabadi R, Asadikaram G. Vitamin D and toll like receptors. Life Sci 2018; 203:105-111. [PMID: 29596922 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that vitamin D (VD) significantly modulates immune responses. Toll like receptors (TLRs) are the main innate immunity receptors which are expressed on the cell membrane and intracellular vesicles and recognize several pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to induce immune responses. Based on the important roles played by TLRs in physiologic and pathologic functions of immune responses and due to the immunomodulatory functions of VD, it has been hypothesized that VD may present its immunomodulatory functions via modulation of TLRs. This review article collates recent studies regarding the interactions between VD and TLRs and discussed the controversial investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Kazemi Arababadi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Reza Nosratabadi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Asadikaram
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology and Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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14
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Hauger H, Ritz C, Mortensen C, Mølgaard C, Metzdorff SB, Frøkiær H, Damsgaard CT. Winter cholecalciferol supplementation at 55°N has little effect on markers of innate immune defense in healthy children aged 4–8 years: a secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:1453-1462. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1671-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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15
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Jiménez-Sousa MÁ, Martínez I, Medrano LM, Fernández-Rodríguez A, Resino S. Vitamin D in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: Influence on Immunity and Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:458. [PMID: 29593721 PMCID: PMC5857570 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection typically have hypovitaminosis D, which is linked to a large number of pathologies, including immune disorders and infectious diseases. Vitamin D (VitD) is a key regulator of host defense against infections by activating genes and pathways that enhance innate and adaptive immunity. VitD mediates its biological effects by binding to the Vitamin D receptor (VDR), and activating and regulating multiple cellular pathways. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes from those pathways have been associated with protection from HIV-1 infection. High levels of VitD and VDR expression are also associated with natural resistance to HIV-1 infection. Conversely, VitD deficiency is linked to more inflammation and immune activation, low peripheral blood CD4+ T-cells, faster progression of HIV disease, and shorter survival time in HIV-infected patients. VitD supplementation and restoration to normal values in HIV-infected patients may improve immunologic recovery during combination antiretroviral therapy, reduce levels of inflammation and immune activation, and increase immunity against pathogens. Additionally, VitD may protect against the development of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome events, pulmonary tuberculosis, and mortality among HIV-infected patients. In summary, this review suggests that VitD deficiency may contribute to the pathogenesis of HIV infection. Also, VitD supplementation seems to reverse some alterations of the immune system, supporting the use of VitD supplementation as prophylaxis, especially in individuals with more severe VitD deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ángeles Jiménez-Sousa
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Isidoro Martínez
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Luz María Medrano
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Amanda Fernández-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Salvador Resino
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
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16
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Muñoz Garcia A, Kutmon M, Eijssen L, Hewison M, Evelo CT, Coort SL. Pathway analysis of transcriptomic data shows immunometabolic effects of vitamin D. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 60:95-108. [PMID: 29233860 PMCID: PMC5850959 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Unbiased genomic screening analyses have highlighted novel immunomodulatory properties of the active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D). However, clearer interpretation of the resulting gene expression data is limited by cell model specificity. The aim of the current study was to provide a broader perspective on common gene regulatory pathways associated with innate immune responses to 1,25(OH)2D, through systematic re-interrogation of existing gene expression databases from multiple related monocyte models (the THP-1 monocytic cell line (THP-1), monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) and monocytes). Vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression is common to multiple immune cell types, and thus, pathway analysis of gene expression using data from multiple related models provides an inclusive perspective on the immunomodulatory impact of vitamin D. A bioinformatic workflow incorporating pathway analysis using PathVisio and WikiPathways was utilized to compare each set of gene expression data based on pathway-level context. Using this strategy, pathways related to the TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis and metabolism were shown to be significantly regulated by 1,25(OH)2D in each of the repository models (Z-scores 3.52-8.22). Common regulation by 1,25(OH)2D was also observed for pathways associated with apoptosis and the regulation of apoptosis (Z-scores 2.49-3.81). In contrast to the primary culture DC and monocyte models, the THP-1 myelomonocytic cell line showed strong regulation of pathways associated with cell proliferation and DNA replication (Z-scores 6.1-12.6). In short, data presented here support a fundamental role for active 1,25(OH)2D as a pivotal regulator of immunometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amadeo Muñoz Garcia
- Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaTNUTRIM School of Nutrition and Metabolism in Translational Research, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems ResearchThe University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Martina Kutmon
- Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaTNUTRIM School of Nutrition and Metabolism in Translational Research, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Maastricht Centre for System Biology (MaCSBio)Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Eijssen
- Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaTNUTRIM School of Nutrition and Metabolism in Translational Research, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Hewison
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems ResearchThe University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Chris T Evelo
- Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaTNUTRIM School of Nutrition and Metabolism in Translational Research, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Maastricht Centre for System Biology (MaCSBio)Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Susan L Coort
- Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaTNUTRIM School of Nutrition and Metabolism in Translational Research, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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17
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Wang J, Liu X, Wang H, Li Y, Lan N, Yuan X, Wu M, Liu Z, Li G. Allergen specific immunotherapy enhanced defense against bacteria via TGF-β1-induced CYP27B1 in asthma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:68681-68695. [PMID: 28978148 PMCID: PMC5620288 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergen specific immunotherapy (SIT) is the only specific treatment of allergic diseases at present. How SIT impacts pulmonary innate immunity against bacteria currently remains unclear. In this study, dust mite extracts (HDM)-sensitized mice were immunized with a subcutaneous injection of HDM. These mice were then challenged with an intranasal administration of HDM. After the last challenge, mice were infected with an intranasal instillation with P. aeruginosa (P.a). We measured the score of tissue inflammation, the expression of cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D-1Alpha-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) in lung. We analyzed the effect of TGF-β1 on CRAMP and CYP27B1 in airway cells (16HBE), and investigate the role of TGF-β1-induced CYP27B1 in defense against bacteria in16HBE cell. We found that SIT attenuates HDM-induced airway inflammation and airway responsiveness (AHR), which is involved in the increased levels of HDM-specific IgG2a, IL-10, TGF-β1, IFN-γ, CRAMP and CYP27B1. SIT ameliorates pulmonary infectious inflammation associated with an improving defense of HDM-challenged mice against P. aeruginosa. Meanwhile, TGF-β1 significantly increased the expression of CYP27B1 in a dose-dependent manner. TGF-β1 did not increase the levels of CRAMP in airway epithelial cells. Furthermore, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (25VD3) is required for TGF-β1-induced CRAMP in airway epithelial cells. CRAMP was significantly increased in TGF-β1/25VD3-treated 16HBE cells. These findings illustrated that TGF-β1 is a major player against bacterial infections in SIT models via induction of CYP27B1 rather than CRAMP. Collectively, these findings highlight a role for SIT enhancing host defense against bacteria depending on TGF-β1-induced CYP27B1in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Wang
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.,Department of Respiratory Disease, the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Hui Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yin Li
- The First Clinic College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Nan Lan
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiefang Yuan
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58203, United States of America
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.,Department of Respiratory Disease, the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610031, China
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18
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Vitamin D inhibits the Staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced expression of tumor necrosis factor in microglial cells. Immunol Res 2017; 65:913-919. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-017-8930-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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19
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Schall JI, Hediger ML, Zemel BS, Rutstein RM, Stallings VA. Comprehensive Safety Monitoring of 12-Month Daily 7000-IU Vitamin D3Supplementation in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Children and Young Adults. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2016; 40:1057-63. [DOI: 10.1177/0148607115593790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joan I. Schall
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mary L. Hediger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Babette S. Zemel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Richard M. Rutstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- General Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Virginia A. Stallings
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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20
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Stukes TM, Shary JR, Wei W, Ebeling MD, Dezsi KB, Shary FS, Forestieri NE, Hollis BW, Wagner CL. Circulating Cathelicidin Concentrations in a Cohort of Healthy Children: Influence of Age, Body Composition, Gender and Vitamin D Status. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152711. [PMID: 27152524 PMCID: PMC4859539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathelicidin is an antimicrobial peptide whose circulating levels are related to vitamin D status in adults. This study sought to determine if circulating cathelicidin concentrations in healthy children are related to the age of the child, body composition and vitamin D status at birth and at the time of the study visit. Blood samples were obtained during yearly visits from 133 children, ages 2–7, whose mothers had participated in a pregnancy vitamin D supplementation RCT. Radioimmunoassay and ELISA were performed to analyze 25(OH)D and cathelicidin, respectively. Statistical analyses compared cathelicidin concentrations with concentrations of 25(OH)D at various time points (maternal levels throughout pregnancy, at birth, and child’s current level); and with race/ethnicity, age, gender, BMI, percent fat, and frequency of infections using Student’s t-test, χ2, Wilcoxon ranked-sum analysis, and multivariate regression. The cohort’s median cathelicidin concentration was 28.1 ng/mL (range: 5.6–3368.6) and did not correlate with 25(OH)D, but was positively correlated with advancing age (ρ = 0.236 & p = 0.005, respectively). Forty patients evaluated at two visits showed an increase of 24.0 ng/mL in cathelicidin from the first visit to the next (p<0.0001). Increased age and male gender were correlated with increased cathelicidin when controlling for race/ethnicity, percent fat, and child’s current 25(OH)D concentration (p = 0.028 & p = 0.047, respectively). This study demonstrated that as children age, the concentration of cathelicidin increases. Furthermore, male gender was significantly associated with increased cathelicidin concentrations. The lack of association between vitamin D status and cathelicidin in this study may be due to the narrow range in observed 25(OH)D values and warrants additional studies for further observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor M. Stukes
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Judith R. Shary
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Myla D. Ebeling
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kaleena B. Dezsi
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Frank S. Shary
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Nina E. Forestieri
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Bruce W. Hollis
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Carol L. Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Sarkar S, Hewison M, Studzinski GP, Li YC, Kalia V. Role of vitamin D in cytotoxic T lymphocyte immunity to pathogens and cancer. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2015; 53:132-45. [PMID: 26479950 DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2015.1094443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression in immune cells has opened up a new area of research into immunoregulation by vitamin D, a niche that is distinct from its classical role in skeletal health. Today, about three decades since this discovery, numerous cellular and molecular targets of vitamin D in the immune system have been delineated. Moreover, strong clinical associations between vitamin D status and the incidence/severity of many immune-regulated disorders (e.g. infectious diseases, cancers and autoimmunity) have prompted the idea of using vitamin D supplementation to manipulate disease outcome. While much is known about the effects of vitamin D on innate immune responses and helper T (T(H)) cell immunity, there has been relatively limited progress on the frontier of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immunity--an arm of host cellular adaptive immunity that is crucial for the control of such intracellular pathogens as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis (TB), malaria, and hepatitis C virus (HCV). In this review, we discuss the strong historical and clinical link between vitamin D and infectious diseases that involves cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immunity, present our current understanding as well as critical knowledge gaps in the realm of vitamin D regulation of host CTL responses, and highlight potential regulatory connections between vitamin D and effector and memory CD8 T cell differentiation events during infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surojit Sarkar
- a Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology , University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle , WA , USA .,b Seattle Children's Research Institute, Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Martin Hewison
- c Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), The University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - George P Studzinski
- d Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Rutgers New Jersey Medical School , Newark , NJ , USA , and
| | - Yan Chun Li
- e Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences , The University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Vandana Kalia
- a Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology , University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle , WA , USA .,b Seattle Children's Research Institute, Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research , Seattle , WA , USA
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22
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Kelesidis T, Papakonstantinou V, Detopoulou P, Fragopoulou E, Chini M, Lazanas MC, Antonopoulou S. The Role of Platelet-Activating Factor in Chronic Inflammation, Immune Activation, and Comorbidities Associated with HIV Infection. AIDS Rev 2015; 17:191-201. [PMID: 26616844 PMCID: PMC5056589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of highly effective antiretroviral therapy, cardiovascular disease has become an important cause of morbidity and mortality among people with treated HIV-1, but the pathogenesis is unclear. Platelet-activating factor is a potent lipid mediator of inflammation that has immunomodulatory effects and a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders and cardiovascular disease. Limited scientific evidence suggests that the platelet-activating factor pathway may be a mechanistic link between HIV-1 infection, systemic inflammation, and immune activation that contribute to pathogenesis of chronic HIV-related comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. In this review, we examine the mechanisms by which the cross-talk between HIV-1, immune dysregulation, inflammation, and perturbations in the platelet-activating factor pathway may directly affect HIV-1 immunopathogenesis. Understanding the role of platelet-activating factor in HIV-1 infection may pave the way for further studies to explore therapeutic interventions, such as diet, that can modify platelet-activating factor activity and use of platelet-activating factor inhibitors that might improve the prognosis of HIV-1 infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maria Chini
- Third Internal Medicine Department-Infectious Diseases Unit, Red Cross General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Marios C. Lazanas
- Third Internal Medicine Department-Infectious Diseases Unit, Red Cross General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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23
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Missailidis C, Höijer J, Johansson M, Ekström L, Bratt G, Hejdeman B, Bergman P. Vitamin D status in Well-Controlled Caucasian HIV Patients in Relation to Inflammatory and Metabolic Markers--A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study in Sweden. Scand J Immunol 2015; 82:55-62. [PMID: 25833795 PMCID: PMC4691317 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To study vitamin D (25OH D3) in relation to (i) microbial translocation (ii) systemic inflammation and (iii) blood lipid markers, in Caucasian, well-controlled HIV patients and healthy controls, plasma and serum samples from n = 97 male, HIV patients on HAART with immeasurable viral load (<20 copies/ml) since median 6.5 years and no concurrent inflammatory or infectious disease and n = 30 healthy controls were analysed for (i) LPS; (ii) sCD14, hsCRP, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, MCP-1 and IFN-γ; as well as (iii) blood lipids. Vitamin D levels were similarly distributed and equally low in both HIV patients and controls. There was no association between vitamin D levels and markers of microbial translocation, systemic inflammation or dyslipidemia. LPS levels were similar in both groups but HIV patients expressed higher levels of sCD14 and hsCRP, with HIV as an independent risk factor. HIV patients had higher cholesterol and Apo B levels. Notably, more HIV patients smoked and smoking was associated with lower vitamin D levels. In conclusion; these well-treated Caucasian HIV patients had similar vitamin D levels as healthy controls. However, despite perfect virological control, they exhibited slightly increased inflammatory markers and disturbed blood lipids. However, neither of these parameters were associated with low vitamin D levels but appeared to be linked to the HIV-disease per se. Thus, the rationale for vitamin D substitution as a way to improve microbial translocation and systemic inflammation is not fully supported in this HIV population.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Missailidis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Höijer
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Johansson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Ekström
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Bratt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Venhälsan, South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B Hejdeman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Venhälsan, South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Bergman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Brown J, Schall J, Rutstein R, Leonard M, Zemel B, Stallings V. The impact of vitamin D3 supplementation on muscle function among HIV-infected children and young adults: a randomized controlled trial. JOURNAL OF MUSCULOSKELETAL & NEURONAL INTERACTIONS 2015; 15:145-53. [PMID: 26032206 PMCID: PMC4533987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We tested the hypothesis that daily vitD3 supplementation increases neuromuscular motor skills, jump power, jump energy, muscular force, and muscular strength. METHODS This was a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of 12-months of oral 7,000 IU/day vitD3 supplementation or placebo among 56 persons living with HIV aged 9-25 years. Neuromuscular motor skills were quantified using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency. Power was quantified using peak jump power, and energy was quantified using peak jump height. Muscular force was quantified using isometric ankle plantar- and dorsiflexion, isokinetic knee flexion and extension. Muscular strength was quantified using isometric handgrip strength. RESULTS After 12-months, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was higher with supplementation versus placebo (β=12.1 ng/mL; P<0.001). In intention-to-treat analyses, supplementation improved neuromuscular motor skills versus placebo (β=1.14; P=0.041). We observed no effect of supplementation on jump power, jump energy, muscular force, or muscular strength outcomes versus placebo. CONCLUSIONS Among HIV-infected children and young adults supplementation with daily high-dose vitD3 increased concentration of serum 25(OH)D and improved neuromuscular motor skills versus placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.C. Brown
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine,Corresponding author: Justin C. Brown, MA, 8th Floor Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA E-mail:
| | - J.I. Schall
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition
| | - R.M. Rutstein
- Division of General Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA
| | - M.B. Leonard
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - B.S. Zemel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition
| | - V.A. Stallings
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA
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Han JE, Ziegler TR. Vitamin D supplementation in sepsis and critical illness: where are we now? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 190:483-5. [PMID: 25171307 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201408-1443ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny E Han
- 1 Department of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia
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