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Xie W, Gao Q, Chen P, Zhang H, Liu Y, Weng Q. Seasonal expressions of the translocator protein (18 kDa), voltage-dependent anion channel, and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein in the scent glands of muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus). J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 234:106400. [PMID: 37722462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Steroidogenesis machinery involves the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), which regulates cholesterol transfer within the mitochondria, and the transport of cholesterol via a channel composed of 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO), the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) plus some accessory proteins. In this study, we investigated the immunolocalizations and expressions of StAR, TSPO, VDAC and cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc, CYP11A1) in the scent glands of muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) during the breeding and non-breeding periods. StAR, TSPO, VDAC and CYP11A1 were immunolocalized in the scent glandular, interstitial and epithelial cells in both breeding and non-breeding seasons with stronger immunostaining in the breeding season. The mRNA expression levels of StAR, TSPO, VDAC and CYP11A1 were higher in the scent glands of the breeding season than those of the non-breeding season. The circulating follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) as well as scent glandular T and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) concentrations were also significantly higher in the breeding season. Additionally, the transcriptomic study in the scent glands identified that differentially expressed genes might be related to the lipid metabolic process, integral component of membrane, and steroid hormone receptor activity and hormone activity using GO analysis. Further in vitro study verified that StAR, TSPO, VDAC and CYP11A1 expression levels increased significantly after human chorionic gonadotropin, hCG/FSH treatment compared with the control group. The KEGG pathway enriched by differentially expressed genes detected to be involved in endocrine system or amino acid metabolism. These findings suggested that the scent glands of the muskrats have ability to synthesize steroids de novo, and that the steroid hormones may have an important regulatory role in the scent glandular function via an autocrine/paracrine pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Xie
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingjing Gao
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Haolin Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuning Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
| | - Qiang Weng
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
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Esposito M, Salerno M, Calvano G, Agliozzo R, Ficarra V, Sessa F, Favilla V, Cimino S, Pomara C. Impact of anabolic androgenic steroids on male sexual and reproductive function: a systematic review. Panminerva Med 2023; 65:43-50. [PMID: 35146992 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.22.04677-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs) are a complex cluster of synthetic derivatives of testosterone. AAS abuse is considered a major public health issue since it has increased among young/adolescent males. The use of steroids has a prevalence rate of 14% in young athletes and 30-75% in professional athletes or bodybuilders. AASs simulate the testosterone mechanism, binding the intracellular androgen receptor, and dysregulating the normal hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in the same way as exogenous testosterone. Abuse can produce several side effects on organs, such as the genital system. The physio-pathological mechanisms that cause AAS abuse-related, genital system disorders in humans are still not completely known. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION This study focuses on the effect of AASs on the male reproductive organs in humans and animals. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS A systematic review was performed using SCOPUS, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Sciences database up to 31 December 2021 using the keywords: "anabolic-androgenic steroids," "erectile dysfunction," "spermatogenesis" and "infertility;" (anabolic agents) "erectile dysfunction," "spermatogenesis" and "infertility." The review of the literature identified 66 articles published until 2021. Sixty-two articles were included. The use of AASs induces testicular atrophy and azoospermia known as "anabolic steroid-induced hypogonadism." Anabolic steroid induced infertility is characterized by oligo or azoospermia and abnormalities in sperm motility and morphology. Although sperm quality recovers in most cases within 4 months of stopping anabolic steroid abuse, the negative consequences on spermatogenesis can take up to 3 years to disappear. Human studies reported a positive correlation between AAS abuse in athletes and an increase in morphologically abnormal spermatozoa. Animal studies showed the destruction of Leydig cells and testicular atrophy in animals treated with cycles of AASs. CONCLUSIONS The present review of the literature highlights how little is known about the action of AASs on the male genital system. However, although their use is prohibited in many countries, the black market for these substances is still very frequent. The scientific landscape still has a lot to invest in the research of AAS on the male genital system to make young people even more aware of the negative aspects of these substances, contributing to the reduction of these products in an inappropriate way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Esposito
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies, "G.F. Ingrassia, " University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Monica Salerno
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies, "G.F. Ingrassia, " University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gianluca Calvano
- Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Roberta Agliozzo
- Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ficarra
- Section of Urology, Department of Human and Pediatric Pathology Gaetano Barresi, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Sessa
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies, "G.F. Ingrassia, " University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Favilla
- Section of Urology, Department of Human and Pediatric Pathology Gaetano Barresi, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Cimino
- Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Cristoforo Pomara
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies, "G.F. Ingrassia, " University of Catania, Catania, Italy -
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Effect of Soluble Adenylyl Cyclase (ADCY10) Inhibitors on the LH-Stimulated cAMP Synthesis in Mltc-1 Leydig Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094641. [PMID: 33924969 PMCID: PMC8125623 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to all transmembrane adenylyl cyclases except ADCY9, the cytosolic soluble adenylyl cyclase (ADCY10) is insensitive to forskolin stimulation and is uniquely modulated by calcium and bicarbonate ions. In the present paper, we focus on ADCY10 localization and a kinetic analysis of intracellular cAMP accumulation in response to human LH in the absence or presence of four different ADCY10 inhibitors (KH7, LRE1, 2-CE and 4-CE) in MTLC-1 cells. ADCY10 was immuno-detected in the cytoplasm of MLTC-1 cells and all four inhibitors were found to inhibit LH-stimulated cAMP accumulation and progesterone level in MLTC-1 and testosterone level primary Leydig cells. Interestingly, similar inhibitions were also evidenced in mouse testicular Leydig cells. In contrast, the tmAC-specific inhibitors ddAdo3′ and ddAdo5′, even at high concentration, exerted weak or no inhibition on cAMP accumulation, suggesting an important role of ADCY10 relative to tmACs in the MLTC-1 response to LH. The strong synergistic effect of HCO3− under LH stimulation further supports the involvement of ADCY10 in the response to LH.
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Zhang W, Wei Y, Cao X, Guo K, Wang Q, Xiao X, Zhai X, Wang D, Huang Z. Enzymatic preparation of Crassostrea oyster peptides and their promoting effect on male hormone production. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 264:113382. [PMID: 32918991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Crassostrea gigas Thunberg and other oysters have been traditionally used in China as folk remedies to invigorate the kidney and as natural aphrodisiacs to combat male impotence. AIM OF THE STUDY Erectile dysfunction (ED) has become a major health problem for the global ageing population. The aim of this study is therefore to evaluate the effect of peptide-rich preparations from C. gigas oysters on ED and related conditions as increasing evidence suggests that peptides are important bioactive components of marine remedies and seafood. MATERIALS AND METHODS Crassostrea oyster peptide (COP) preparations COP1, COP2 and COP3 were obtained from C. gigas oysters by trypsin, papain or sequential trypsin-papain digestion, respectively. The contents of testosterone, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and nitric oxide (NO) and the activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in mice and/or cells were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Real-time PCR was used to assess the expression of genes associated with sex hormone secretion pathways. The model animal Caenorhabditis elegans was also used to analyze the gene expression of a conserved steroidogenic enzyme. In silico analysis of constituent peptides was performed using bioinformatic tools based on public databases. RESULTS The peptide-rich preparation COP3, in which >95% peptides were <3000 Da, was found to increase the contents of male mouse serum testosterone and cAMP, both of which are known to play important roles in erectile function, and to increase the activity of mouse penile NOS, which is closely associated with ED. Further investigation using mouse Leydig-derived TM3 cells demonstrates that COP3 was able to stimulate the production of testosterone as well as NO, a pivotal mediator of penile erection. Real-time PCR analysis reveals that COP3 up-regulated the expression of Areg and Acvr2b, the genes known to promote sex hormone secretion, but not Fst, a gene involved in suppressing follicle-stimulating hormone release. Furthermore, COP3 was also shown to up-regulate the expression of let-767, a well-conserved C. elegans gene encoding a protein homologous to human 17-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. Preliminary bioinformatic analysis using the peptide sequences in COP3 cryptome identified 19 prospective motifs, each of which occurred in more than 10 peptides. CONCLUSIONS In this paper, Crassostrea oyster peptides were prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis and were found for the first time to increase ED-associated biochemical as well as molecular biology parameters. These results may help to explain the ethnopharmacological use of oysters and provide an important insight into the potentials of oyster peptides in overcoming ED-related health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwan Zhang
- Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China; Center for Bioresources and Drug Discovery, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yifang Wei
- Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China; Center for Bioresources and Drug Discovery, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Cao
- Center for Bioresources and Drug Discovery, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kaixin Guo
- Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China; Center for Bioresources and Drug Discovery, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qiangqiang Wang
- Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Xiaochun Xiao
- Research and Development Center, Infinitus (China) Company Ltd, Guangzhou, 510665, China
| | - Xufeng Zhai
- Research and Development Center, Infinitus (China) Company Ltd, Guangzhou, 510665, China
| | - Dingding Wang
- Center for Bioresources and Drug Discovery, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Zebo Huang
- Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China; Center for Bioresources and Drug Discovery, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Testicular STAC3 regulates Leydig cell steroidogenesis through potentiating mitochondrial membrane potential and StAR processing. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 384:195-209. [PMID: 33409656 PMCID: PMC8016781 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03312-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SH3 and cysteine-rich protein 3 (STAC3), a small adapter protein originally identified as a core component of excitation–contraction coupling machinery, regulates the voltage-induced Ca2+ release in skeletal muscle. However, the possibility of additional, as yet unknown, non-muscle effects of STAC3 cannot be ruled out. Herein, we provide the evidence for the expression and functional involvement of STAC3 in spermatogenesis. STAC3 expression was localized in the testicular interstitium of rodent and human testes. By using the cytotoxic drug ethylene dimethane sulfonate (EDS), STAC3 expression was observed to be decreased sharply in rat testis after selective withdrawal of Leydig cells (LCs), and reappeared immediately after LCs repopulation, indicating that testicular expression of STAC3 mainly stems from LCs. From a functional standpoint, in vivo lentiviral vector–mediated suppression of STAC3 resulted in a significant decrease in testosterone production, and thereafter caused impairment of male fertility by inducing oligozoospermia and asthenospermia. The indispensible involvement of STAC3 in testicular steroidogenesis was validated using the in vivo knockdown model with isolated primary LCs as well as in vitro experiments with primary LCs. By generating the TM3Stac3−/− cells, we further revealed that STAC3 depletion attenuated mitochondrial membrane potential and StAR processing in db-cAMP-stimulated LCs. Thus, the inhibitory effect of STAC3 deficiency on testicular steroidogenesis may be ascribed to a disturbed mitochondrial homeostasis. Collectively, the present results strongly suggest that STAC3 may function as a novel regulator linking mitochondrial homeostasis and testicular steroidogenesis in LCs. Our data underscore an unexpected reproductive facet of this muscle-derived factor.
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Regulation of Leydig cell steroidogenesis: intriguing network of signaling pathways and mitochondrial signalosome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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7
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The Dynamics of Neurosteroids and Sex-Related Hormones in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease. Neuromolecular Med 2018; 20:215-224. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-018-8493-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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8
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Long noncoding RNA expression profile changes associated with dietary energy in the sheep testis during sexual maturation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5180. [PMID: 28701734 PMCID: PMC5507887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05443-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis can be affected by nutrition, which operates through normal physiological processes by changing the testicular mass and hormone levels profoundly. However, little is known regarding how testis development is regulated by long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). In this study, we investigated the effects of high-grain (HG) feeding on testis development during sexual maturation mediated by lncRNA. The HG diet group showed an increase in growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and testosterone (T) levels, and in the number of sperm in the seminiferous tubules compared with the hay-fed group (p
< 0.05). Moreover, we found 59 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and 229 DE mRNAs in sheep testis between the two groups. qRT-PCR results of 20 randomly selected DE lncRNAs and mRNAs were also consistent with the RNA-seq data. Through functional enrichment analysis and lncRNA-mRNA interaction network analysis, we screened several lncRNAs that may be enriched for male reproduction such as spermatogenesis, sperm motility, steroid hormones, MAPK and ErbB signaling pathways. This study provides a first insight into the development of the testis with HG feeding in sheep and shows that these changes are associated with alterations in lncRNA expression.
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9
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Barone R, Pitruzzella A, Marino Gammazza A, Rappa F, Salerno M, Barone F, Sangiorgi C, D'Amico D, Locorotondo N, Di Gaudio F, Cipolloni L, Di Felice V, Schiavone S, Rapisarda V, Sani G, Tambo A, Cappello F, Turillazzi E, Pomara C. Nandrolone decanoate interferes with testosterone biosynthesis altering blood-testis barrier components. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:1636-1647. [PMID: 28244681 PMCID: PMC5542904 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether nandrolone decanoate (ND) use affects testosterone production and testicular morphology in a model of trained and sedentary mice. A group of mice underwent endurance training while another set led a sedentary lifestyle and were freely mobile within cages. All experimental groups were treated with either ND or peanut oil at different doses for 6 weeks. Testosterone serum levels were measured via liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Western blot analysis and quantitative real‐time PCR were utilized to determine gene and protein expression levels of the primary enzymes implicated in testosterone biosynthesis and gene expression levels of the blood–testis barrier (BTB) components. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were conducted for testicular morphological evaluation. The study demonstrated that moderate to high doses of ND induced a diminished serum testosterone level and altered the expression level of the key steroidogenic enzymes involved in testosterone biosynthesis. At the morphological level, ND induced degradation of the BTB by targeting the tight junction protein‐1 (TJP1). ND stimulation deregulated metalloproteinase‐9, metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) and the tissue inhibitor of MMP‐2. Moreover, ND administration resulted in a mislocalization of mucin‐1. In conclusion, ND abuse induces a decline in testosterone production that is unable to regulate the internalization and redistribution of TJP1 and may induce the deregulation of other BTB constituents via the inhibition of MMP‐2. ND may well be considered as both a potential inducer of male infertility and a potential risk factor to a low endogenous bioavailable testosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Barone
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BioNeC)University of PalermoPalermoItaly
- Euro‐Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST)PalermoItaly
| | - Alessandro Pitruzzella
- Euro‐Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST)PalermoItaly
- Department of NeuroscienceMental Health and Sense Organs (Nesmos)Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Antonella Marino Gammazza
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BioNeC)University of PalermoPalermoItaly
- Euro‐Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST)PalermoItaly
| | - Francesca Rappa
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BioNeC)University of PalermoPalermoItaly
- Euro‐Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST)PalermoItaly
| | - Monica Salerno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineForensic PathologyUniversity of FoggiaFoggiaItaly
| | - Fulvio Barone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineForensic PathologyUniversity of FoggiaFoggiaItaly
- Department of RadiologyScientific Institute Hospital “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”San Giovanni Rotondo (FG)Italy
| | - Claudia Sangiorgi
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BioNeC)University of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Daniela D'Amico
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BioNeC)University of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | | | - Francesca Di Gaudio
- Locorotondo Labs srlPalermoItaly
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical BiotechnologyUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Luigi Cipolloni
- Department of Forensic PathologySapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Valentina Di Felice
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BioNeC)University of PalermoPalermoItaly
- Euro‐Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST)PalermoItaly
| | - Stefania Schiavone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of FoggiaFoggiaItlay
| | - Venerando Rapisarda
- Occupational MedicineDepartment of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of NeuroscienceMental Health and Sense Organs (Nesmos)Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Amos Tambo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineForensic PathologyUniversity of FoggiaFoggiaItaly
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of FoggiaFoggiaItlay
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BioNeC)University of PalermoPalermoItaly
- Euro‐Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST)PalermoItaly
| | - Emanuela Turillazzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineForensic PathologyUniversity of FoggiaFoggiaItaly
| | - Cristoforo Pomara
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineForensic PathologyUniversity of FoggiaFoggiaItaly
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of FoggiaFoggiaItlay
- Department of AnatomyUniversity of MaltaMsidaMalta
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10
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Zhang J, Yuan Y, Liu Q, Yang D, Liu M, Shen L, Zhou Y, Wang Z. Differentially expressed genes in the testicular tissues of adenylyl cyclase 3 knockout mice. Gene 2017; 602:33-42. [PMID: 27864010 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Adenylate cyclase 3 (AC3) is an important component of the cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway and converts adenosine triphosphate into cAMP. Male mice with AC3 deletion (AC3-/-) are sterile. However, the mechanical mechanism remains unclear. By TUNEL staining, we found that cell apoptosis in the testicular tissues of AC3-/- mice increased significantly compared with that in the wild-type (AC3+/+) mice. Differentially expressed genes regulated by AC3 in the testicular tissues were identified by gene chip hybridization. We observed that the expression of 693 genes was altered in the testicular tissues of AC3-/- mice, including 330 up-regulated and 363 down-regulated gene expression with fold changes higher than 2 (≥2) as the standards. Furthermore, part of these differentially expressed genes was verified by the real-time fluorescence quantification PCR and immunofluorescent staining. The expression levels of the genes related to olfactory receptors, cell apoptosis, transcriptional activity, defensive reaction, cell adhesion, cell death, and immunoreactions were significantly altered in the testicular tissues of AC3-/- mice compared with AC3+/+ mice. In addition, the corresponding Ca2+, cAMP, and cell adhesion signaling pathways, as well as the signaling pathways related to axon guidance and cell interaction, were altered significantly in the AC3-/- mice. These data would help elucidate the general understanding of the mechanisms underlying the sterility in AC3-/- male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, China
| | - Qingxiu Liu
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, China
| | - Dong Yang
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, China
| | - Mingshen Liu
- College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, China
| | - Limin Shen
- College of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, China
| | - Yanfen Zhou
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, China.
| | - Zhenshan Wang
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, China.
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Drobnis EZ, Nangia AK. Male Reproductive Functions Disrupted by Pharmacological Agents. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1034:13-24. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-69535-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Pomara C, Barone R, Marino Gammazza A, Sangiorgi C, Barone F, Pitruzzella A, Locorotondo N, Di Gaudio F, Salerno M, Maglietta F, Sarni AL, Di Felice V, Cappello F, Turillazzi E. Effects of Nandrolone Stimulation on Testosterone Biosynthesis in Leydig Cells. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:1385-91. [PMID: 26626779 PMCID: PMC5064776 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are among the drugs most used by athletes for improving physical performance, as well as for aesthetic purposes. A number of papers have showed the side effects of AAS in different organs and tissues. For example, AAS are known to suppress gonadotropin‐releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle‐stimulating hormone. This study investigates the effects of nandrolone on testosterone biosynthesis in Leydig cells using various methods, including mass spectrometry, western blotting, confocal microscopy and quantitative real‐time PCR. The results obtained show that testosterone levels increase at a 3.9 μM concentration of nandrolone and return to the basal level a 15.6 μM dose of nandrolone. Nandrolone‐induced testosterone increment was associated with upregulation of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and downregulation of 17a‐hydroxylase/17, 20 lyase (CYP17A1). Instead, a 15.6 µM dose of nandrolone induced a down‐regulation of CYP17A1. Further in vivo studies based on these data are needed to better understand the relationship between disturbed testosterone homeostasis and reproductive system impairment in male subjects. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 1385–1391, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Physiology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristoforo Pomara
- Department of Forensic Pathology, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.,Department of Anatomy, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Rosario Barone
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy.,Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BioNeC), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Marino Gammazza
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy.,Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BioNeC), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia Sangiorgi
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BioNeC), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fulvio Barone
- Department of Forensic Pathology, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.,Department of Radiology, Scientific Institute Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Alessandro Pitruzzella
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sense Organs (Nesmos), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Di Gaudio
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Monica Salerno
- Department of Forensic Pathology, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | | | - Valentina Di Felice
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BioNeC), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy.,Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BioNeC), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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