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He L, Chen C, Duan S, Li Y, Li C, Yao X, Gonzalez FJ, Qin Z, Yao Z. Inhibition of estrogen sulfation by Xian-Ling-Gu-Bao capsule. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 225:106182. [PMID: 36152789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Xian-Ling-Gu-Bao capsule (XLGB) is a widely prescribed traditional Chinese medicine used for the treatment of osteoporosis. However, it significantly elevates levels of serum estrogens. Here we aimed to assess the dominant contributors of sulfotransferase (SULT) enzymes to the sulfation of estrogens and identify the effective inhibitors of this pathway in XLGB. First, estrone, 17β-estradiol, and estriol underwent sulfation in human liver S9 extracts. Phenotyping reactions and enzyme kinetics assays revealed that SULT1A1, 1A2, 1A3, 1C4, 1E1, and 2A1 all participated in estrogen sulfation, with SULT1E1 and 1A1 as the most important contributors. The incubation system for these two active enzymes were optimized with Tris-HCl buffer, DL-Dithiothreitol (DTT), MgCl2, adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS), protein concentration, and incubation time. Then, 29 compounds in XLGB were selected to investigate their inhibitory effects and mechanisms against SULT1E1 and 1A1 through kinetic modelling. Moreover, in silico molecular docking was used to validate the obtained results. And finally, the prenylated flavonoids (isobavachin, neobavaisoflavone, etc.) from Psoralea corylifolia L., prenylated flavanols (icariside II) from Epimedium brevicornu Maxim., tanshinones (dihydrotanshinone, tanshinone II-A,) from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., and others (corylifol A, corylin) were identified as the most potent inhibitors of estrogen sulfation. Taken together, these findings provide insights into the understanding regioselectivity of estrogen sulfation and identify the effective components of XLGB responsible for the promotion of estrogen levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang He
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chanjuan Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shuyi Duan
- Department of Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chuan Li
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development Ministry of PR China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zifei Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Department of Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Zhihong Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development Ministry of PR China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Chen L, Cao H, Huang Q, Xiao J, Teng H. Absorption, metabolism and bioavailability of flavonoids: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7730-7742. [PMID: 34078189 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1917508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are stored in various plants and widely presented in different kinds of food in variable amounts. Plant roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits are known to have high amounts of flavonoids. However, flavonoid aglycones are found less frequently in natural products, as it requires bioconversion through bacteria, which provide β-glucosidase to convert them. Recently, flavonoids and its metabolites were applied in the prevention and treatment of various diseases such as cancers, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders and osteoporosis in numerous studies. This review focused on absorption, activity, metabolism, and bioavailability of flavonoids. Also authors organized and collected newly-found reports of flavonoids and their absorption barriers of flavonoids in the gastrointestinal tract, providing the latest findings and evidence from the past decade. Particularly, nanoparticles delivery systems are emphasized regarding fabrication methods and their potential benefits on flavonoids. Moreover, the potential challenges of nanoparticles as delivery system for flavonoids in the gastrointestinal tract are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hui Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qun Huang
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hui Teng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
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Lightning TA, Gesteira TF, Mueller JW. Steroid disulfates - Sulfation double trouble. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 524:111161. [PMID: 33453296 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sulfation pathways have recently come into the focus of biomedical research. For steroid hormones and related compounds, sulfation represents an additional layer of regulation as sulfated steroids are more water-soluble and tend to be biologically less active. For steroid diols, an additional sulfation is possible, carried out by the same sulfotransferases that catalyze the first sulfation step. The steroid disulfates that are formed are the focus of this review. We discuss both their biochemical production as well as their putative biological function. Steroid disulfates have also been linked to various clinical conditions in numerous untargeted metabolomics studies. New analytical techniques exploring the biosynthetic routes of steroid disulfates have led to novel insights, changing our understanding of sulfation in human biology. They promise a bright future for research into sulfation pathways, hopefully too for the diagnosis and treatment of several associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Alec Lightning
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tarsis F Gesteira
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Optimvia, LLC, Batavia, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan Wolf Mueller
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK.
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Dai Z, Zhao F, Li Y, Xu J, Liu Z. The Environmental Pollutant Bromophenols Interfere With Sulfotransferase That Mediates Endocrine Hormones. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:814373. [PMID: 35069453 PMCID: PMC8777265 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.814373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromophenols (BPs), known as an important environmental contaminant, can cause endocrine disruption and other chronic toxicity. The study aimed to investigate the potential inhibitory capability of BPs on four human sulfotransferase isoforms (SULT1A1, SULT1A3, SULT1B1 and SULT1E1) and interpret how to interfere with endocrine hormone metabolism. P-nitrophenol(PNP) was utilized as a nonselective probe substrate, and recombinant SULT isoforms were utilized as the enzyme resources. PNP and its metabolite PNP-sulfate were analyzed using a UPLC-UV detecting system. SULT1A1 and SULT1B1 were demonstrated to be the most vulnerable SULT isoforms towards BPs' inhibition. To determine the inhibition kinetics, 2,4,6-TBP and SULT1A3 were selected as the representative BPs and SULT isoform respectively. The competitive inhibition of 2,4,6-TBP on SULT1A3. The fitting equation was y=90.065x+1466.7, and the inhibition kinetic parameter (Ki) was 16.28 µM. In vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) showed that the threshold concentration of 2,4,6-TBP to induce inhibition of SULT1A3 was 1.628 µM. In silico docking, the method utilized indicated that more hydrogen bonds formation contributed to the stronger inhibition of 3,5-DBP than 3-BP. In conclusion, our study gave the full description of the inhibition of BPs towards four SULT isoforms, which may provide a new perspective on the toxicity mechanism of BPs and further explain the interference of BPs on endocrine hormone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Dai
- Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Furong Zhao
- Research Department, Dalian Innovation Center of Laboratory Medicine Mass Spectrometry Technology, Dalian, China
- Research Department, Clinical Mass Spectrometry Profession Technology Innovation Center of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- Research Department, Clinical Mass Spectrometry Profession Technology Innovation Center of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Research Department, Dalian Innovation Center of Laboratory Medicine Mass Spectrometry Technology, Dalian, China
- Research Department, Clinical Mass Spectrometry Profession Technology Innovation Center of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiyu Liu,
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Shi CY, He XB, Zhao C, Wang HJ. Luteoloside Exerts Analgesic Effect in a Complete Freund's Adjuvant-Induced Inflammatory Model via Inhibiting Interleukin-1β Expression and Macrophage/Microglia Activation. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1158. [PMID: 32848767 PMCID: PMC7412990 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Flavonoid monomers are proved to have an anti-inflammatory effect and may also be promising for chronic pain treatment. In the present study, the analgesic effect and the relevant mechanisms of luteoloside, one of the flavonoid monomers, were investigated. Methods The analgesic effect of luteoloside was first evaluated in complete Freud’s adjuvant induced inflammatory model by von Frey test and Hargreaves test in both male and female mice. The interleukin-1β levels in plantar tissue, serum, dorsal root ganglion, and the dorsal horn of the spinal cord were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or immunofluorescence. The activation of macrophage/microglia was tested by Iba-1 staining. Results Our data showed that luteoloside exhibited both acute and chronic analgesic phenotypes. Every single dose of luteoloside solution reached the peak transient analgesic effect 2 h after administration and lasted less than 6 h. About 14 consecutive days administration (one dose per day) later, luteoloside showed a sustained analgesic effect which lasted more than 24 h. Celecoxib 20 mg/kg combined with luteoloside 40 mg/kg achieved a similar analgesic effect as celecoxib 40 mg/kg alone. Luteoloside inhibited interleukin-1β expression in plantar tissue, dorsal root ganglion, the dorsal horn of spinal cord, and serum, after 14 days of continuous administration. Furthermore, our results also showed that the activation of macrophage/microglia in dorsal root ganglions were significantly inhibited 2 h after each single dose in daily luteoloside administration and recovered to a higher level 6 h later. These findings might be involved in the mechanisms of the acute analgesic effect of luteoloside. Conclusion Luteoloside presents an analgesic effect via anti-inflammatory and other mechanisms such as inhibiting the activation of macrophage/microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Shi
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, College of Fundamental Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Biao He
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, College of Fundamental Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital and MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Lab of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, College of Fundamental Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science, Shanghai, China.,Graduate School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Xie Y, Xie W. The Role of Sulfotransferases in Liver Diseases. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:742-749. [PMID: 32587100 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs) are phase II conjugating enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a sulfonate group from the universal sulfate donor 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate to a nucleophilic group of their substrates to generate hydrophilic products. Sulfation has a major effect on the chemical and functional homeostasis of substrate chemicals. SULTs are widely expressed in metabolically active or hormonally responsive tissues, including the liver and many extrahepatic tissues. The expression of SULTs exhibits isoform-, tissue-, sex-, and development-specific regulations. SULTs display a broad range of substrates including xenobiotics and endobiotics. The expression of SULTs has been shown to be transcriptionally regulated by members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, such as the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, pregnane X receptor, constitutive androstane receptor, vitamin D receptor, liver X receptors, farnesoid X receptor, retinoid-related orphan receptors, estrogen-related receptors, and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α These nuclear receptors can be activated by numerous xenobiotics and endobiotics, such as fatty acids, bile acids, and oxysterols, many of which are substrates of SULTs. Due to their metabolism of xenobiotics and endobiotics, SULTs and their regulations are implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases. This review is aimed to summarize the central role of major SULTs, including the SULT1 and SULT2 subfamilies, in the pathophysiology of liver and liver-related diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Sulfotransferases (SULTs) are indispensable in the homeostasis of xenobiotics and endobiotics. Knowing SULTs and their regulations are implicated in human diseases, it is hoped that genetic or pharmacological manipulations of the expression and/or activity of SULTs can be used to affect the clinical outcome of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xie
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Y.X., W.X.) and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (W.X.)
| | - Wen Xie
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Y.X., W.X.) and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (W.X.)
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