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Fiorucci S, Marchianò S, Urbani G, Di Giorgio C, Distrutti E, Zampella A, Biagioli M. Immunology of bile acids regulated receptors. Prog Lipid Res 2024; 95:101291. [PMID: 39122016 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Bile acids are steroids formed at the interface of host metabolism and intestinal microbiota. While primary bile acids are generated in the liver from cholesterol metabolism, secondary bile acids represent the products of microbial enzymes. Close to 100 different enzymatic modifications of bile acids structures occur in the human intestine and clinically guided metagenomic and metabolomic analyses have led to the identification of an extraordinary number of novel metabolites. These chemical mediators make an essential contribution to the composition and function of the postbiota, participating to the bidirectional communications of the intestinal microbiota with the host and contributing to the architecture of intestinal-liver and -brain and -endocrine axes. Bile acids exert their function by binding to a group of cell membrane and nuclear receptors collectively known as bile acid-regulated receptors (BARRs), expressed in monocytes, tissue-resident macrophages, CD4+ T effector cells, including Th17, T regulatory cells, dendritic cells and type 3 of intestinal lymphoid cells and NKT cells, highlighting their role in immune regulation. In this review we report on how bile acids and their metabolitesmodulate the immune system in inflammations and cancers and could be exploiting for developing novel therapeutic approaches in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Fiorucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Silvia Marchianò
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ginevra Urbani
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Eleonora Distrutti
- SC di Gastroenterologia ed Epatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Angela Zampella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Michele Biagioli
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Ma Y, Shi R, Li F, Chang H. Emerging strategies for treating autoimmune disease with genetically modified dendritic cells. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:262. [PMID: 38715122 PMCID: PMC11075321 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01641-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene editing of living cells has become a crucial tool in medical research, enabling scientists to address fundamental biological questions and develop novel strategies for disease treatment. This technology has particularly revolutionized adoptive transfer cell therapy products, leading to significant advancements in tumor treatment and offering promising outcomes in managing transplant rejection, autoimmune disorders, and inflammatory diseases. While recent clinical trials have demonstrated the safety of tolerogenic dendritic cell (TolDC) immunotherapy, concerns remain regarding its effectiveness. This review aims to discuss the application of gene editing techniques to enhance the tolerance function of dendritic cells (DCs), with a particular focus on preclinical strategies that are currently being investigated to optimize the tolerogenic phenotype and function of DCs. We explore potential approaches for in vitro generation of TolDCs and provide an overview of emerging strategies for modifying DCs. Additionally, we highlight the primary challenges hindering the clinical adoption of TolDC therapeutics and propose future research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhan Ma
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, China
| | - Ruobing Shi
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, China
| | - Fujun Li
- Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Haocai Chang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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3
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Huang J, Wang X, Li Q, Zhang P, Jing Z, Zhang J, Su H, Sun X. Effect of Mixed Probiotics on Ovalbumin-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in Juvenile Mice. Int J Microbiol 2024; 2024:7172386. [PMID: 38590774 PMCID: PMC10999295 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7172386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is one of the most common dermatologic problems, especially in children. Given the ability of symbiotic microorganisms in modulating the immune system, probiotics administration has been studied in previous research in the management of atopic dermatitis. However, there are conflicting results between studies. In this study, we aimed to assess the effectiveness of mixed probiotics as a treatment option for atopic dermatitis induced by ovalbumin. BALB/c juvenile mice were classified and divided into the ovalbumin group, mixed probiotic group (ovalbumin + LK), and control group. Except for the control group, all mice were sensitized with ovalbumin to establish a model of atopic dermatitis. The mixed probiotics were given by gavage for 14 days. Mice body weight, skin lesions, skin inflammation, ovalbumin-specific Ig, the number of Treg and CD103+DC, and the expression level of PD-1/PD-L1 were examined. The results showed that mixed probiotics can improve body weight and alleviate skin symptoms. Mixed probiotics reduced serum Th2 inflammatory factors, eosinophils, mast cell degranulation, mast cell count, and the expression of ovalbumin-specific immunoglobulin E/G1 and increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10, Treg cells, CD103+DC cells, and the expression level of PD-1/PD-L1. These findings suggest that mixed probiotics could be a viable treatment option for atopic dermatitis and provide insight into the underlying mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xingzhi Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Qiuhong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zenghui Jing
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Hui Su
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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Kalinina O, Minter LM, Sperling AI, Hollinger MK, Le P, Osborne BA, Zhang S, Stiff P, Knight KL. Exopolysaccharide-Treated Dendritic Cells Effectively Ameliorate Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease. Transplant Cell Ther 2024; 30:79.e1-79.e10. [PMID: 37924979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2023.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a primary and often lethal complication of allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Prophylactic regimens for GVHD are given as standard pretransplantation therapy; however, up to 50% of these patients develop acute GVHD (aGVHD) and require additional immunosuppressive intervention. Using a mouse GVHD model, we previously showed that injecting mice with exopolysaccharide (EPS) from Bacillus subtilis prior to GVHD induction significantly increased 80-day survival after transplantation of complete allogeneic major histocompatibility complex-mismatched cells. To ask whether EPS might also inhibit GVHD in humans, we used humanized NSG-HLA-A2 mice and induced GVHD by i.v. injection of A2neg human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Because we could not inject human donors with EPS, we transferred EPS-pretreated dendritic cells (DCs) to inhibit aGVHD. We derived these DCs from CD34+ human cord blood cells, treated them with EPS, and then injected them together with PBMCs into the NSG-HLA-A2 mice. We found that all mice that received untreated DCs were dead by day 35, whereas 25% of mice receiving EPS-treated DCs (EPS-DCs) survived. This DC cell therapy could be readily translatable to humans, because we can generate large numbers of human EPS-DCs and use them as an "off the shelf" treatment for patients undergoing HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kalinina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Lisa M Minter
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Anne I Sperling
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, and Carter Center for Immunology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | | | - Phong Le
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Barbara A Osborne
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts; HasenTech, LLC, Leverett, Massachusetts
| | - Shubin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Patrick Stiff
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Katherine L Knight
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois; HasenTech, LLC, Leverett, Massachusetts.
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5
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Preciado S, Martínez-Villaluenga C, Rico D, Muntión S, García-Macías MC, Navarro-Bailón A, Martín-Diana AB, Sánchez-Guijo F. Effects of Dietary Supplementation with a Ferulic Acid-Rich Bioactive Component of Wheat Bran in a Murine Model of Graft-Versus-Host Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:4582. [PMID: 37960235 PMCID: PMC10648738 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a common and severe complication following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Its prevention and treatment is a major challenge. Ferulic acid (FA) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that could be attractive in this setting. Our aim was to evaluate a bioactive ingredient derived from wheat bran (WB), selected for its high concentration of FA, in a murine model of GvHD. The ingredient was obtained via a bioprocess involving hydrolysis and spray-drying. GvHD was induced via HSCT between MHC-mismatched mouse strains. FA treatment was administered orally. Survival and disease scores (weight loss, hunching, activity, fur texture, and skin integrity, each scored between 0 and 2 depending on disease severity) were recorded daily, histological evaluation was performed at the end of the experiment, and serum inflammatory cytokines were analyzed on days 9 and 28. Treatment with FA did not protect GvHD mice from death, nor did it diminish GvHD scores. However, histological analysis showed that ulcers with large areas of inflammatory cells, vessels, and keratin were less common in skin samples from FA-treated mice. Areas of intense inflammatory response were also seen in fewer small intestine samples from treated mice. In addition, a slight decrease in INF-γ and TNF-α expression was observed in the serum of treated mice on day 28. The results showed some local effect of the ingredient intervention, but that the dose used may not be sufficient to control or reduce the inflammatory response at the systemic level in mice with GvHD. Higher dosages of FA may have an impact when evaluating the immunomodulatory capabilities of the hydrolyzed WB ingredient. Thus, further experiments and the use of technological strategies that enrich the ingredients in soluble ferulic acid to improve its efficacy in this setting are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Preciado
- Cell Therapy Unit, Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.M.); (A.N.-B.); (F.S.-G.)
- RICORS TERAV, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Rico
- Agrarian Technological Institute of Castilla and Leon (ITACyL), Ctra. Burgos Km 119, Finca Zamadueñas, 47071 Valladolid, Spain; (D.R.); (A.B.M.-D.)
| | - Sandra Muntión
- Cell Therapy Unit, Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.M.); (A.N.-B.); (F.S.-G.)
- RICORS TERAV, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Almudena Navarro-Bailón
- Cell Therapy Unit, Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.M.); (A.N.-B.); (F.S.-G.)
- RICORS TERAV, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Martín-Diana
- Agrarian Technological Institute of Castilla and Leon (ITACyL), Ctra. Burgos Km 119, Finca Zamadueñas, 47071 Valladolid, Spain; (D.R.); (A.B.M.-D.)
| | - Fermín Sánchez-Guijo
- Cell Therapy Unit, Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.M.); (A.N.-B.); (F.S.-G.)
- RICORS TERAV, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Liu X, Yu P, Xu Y, Wang Y, Chen J, Tang F, Hu Z, Zhou J, Liu L, Qiu W, Ye Y, Jia Y, Yao W, Long J, Zeng Z. Metformin induces tolerogenicity of dendritic cells by promoting metabolic reprogramming. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:283. [PMID: 37688662 PMCID: PMC10492886 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04932-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) can mediate immune responses or immune tolerance depending on their immunophenotype and functional status. Remodeling of DCs' immune functions can develop proper therapeutic regimens for different immune-mediated diseases. In the immunopathology of autoimmune diseases (ADs), activated DCs notably promote effector T-cell polarization and exacerbate the disease. Recent evidence indicates that metformin can attenuate the clinical symptoms of ADs due to its anti-inflammatory properties. Whether and how the therapeutic effects of metformin on ADs are associated with DCs remain unknown. In this study, metformin was added to a culture system of LPS-induced DC maturation. The results revealed that metformin shifted DC into a tolerant phenotype, resulting in reduced surface expression of MHC-II, costimulatory molecules and CCR7, decreased levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IFN-γ), increased level of IL-10, upregulated immunomodulatory molecules (ICOSL and PD-L) and an enhanced capacity to promote regulatory T-cell (Treg) differentiation. Further results demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory effects of metformin in vivo were closely related to remodeling the immunophenotype of DCs. Mechanistically, metformin could mediate the metabolic reprogramming of DCs through FoxO3a signaling pathways, including disturbing the balance of fatty acid synthesis (FAS) and fatty acid oxidation (FAO), increasing glycolysis but inhibiting the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TAC) and pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), which resulted in the accumulation of fatty acids (FAs) and lactic acid, as well as low anabolism in DCs. Our findings indicated that metformin could induce tolerance in DCs by reprogramming their metabolic patterns and play anti-inflammatory roles in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianmei Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immunity and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province/Engineering Center of Cellular Immunotherapy in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immunity and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province/Engineering Center of Cellular Immunotherapy in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujun Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immunity and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province/Engineering Center of Cellular Immunotherapy in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immunity and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province/Engineering Center of Cellular Immunotherapy in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immunity and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province/Engineering Center of Cellular Immunotherapy in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuzhou Tang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immunity and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province/Engineering Center of Cellular Immunotherapy in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuquan Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immunity and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province/Engineering Center of Cellular Immunotherapy in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions & Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immunity and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province/Engineering Center of Cellular Immunotherapy in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immunity and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province/Engineering Center of Cellular Immunotherapy in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Qiu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immunity and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province/Engineering Center of Cellular Immunotherapy in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuannong Ye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immunity and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province/Engineering Center of Cellular Immunotherapy in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Jia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immunity and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province/Engineering Center of Cellular Immunotherapy in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijuan Yao
- Hemorheology Center, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinhua Long
- Department of Head & Neck, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhu Zeng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immunity and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province/Engineering Center of Cellular Immunotherapy in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Functions & Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China.
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Insights into mechanisms of graft-versus-host disease through humanised mouse models. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231673. [PMID: 35993192 PMCID: PMC9446388 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major complication that occurs following allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for the treatment of haematological cancers and other blood-related disorders. GVHD is an inflammatory disorder, where the transplanted donor immune cells can mediate an immune response against the recipient and attack host tissues. Despite over 60 years of research, broad-range immune suppression is still used to prevent or treat GVHD, leading to an increased risk of cancer relapse and infection. Therefore, further insights into the disease mechanisms and development of predictive and prognostic biomarkers are key to improving outcomes and reducing GVHD development following allogeneic HSCT. An important preclinical tool to examine the pathophysiology of GVHD and to understand the key mechanisms that lead to GVHD development are preclinical humanised mouse models. Such models of GVHD are now well-established and can provide valuable insights into disease development. This review will focus on models where human peripheral blood mononuclear cells are injected into immune-deficient non-obese diabetic (NOD)-scid-interleukin-2(IL-2)Rγ mutant (NOD-scid-IL2Rγnull) mice. Humanised mouse models of GVHD can mimic the clinical setting for GVHD development, with disease progression and tissues impacted like that observed in humans. This review will highlight key findings from preclinical humanised mouse models regarding the role of donor human immune cells, the function of cytokines and cell signalling molecules and their impact on specific target tissues and GVHD development. Further, specific therapeutic strategies tested in these preclinical models reveal key molecular pathways important in reducing the burden of GVHD following allogeneic HSCT.
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Serré J, Tanjeko AT, Mathyssen C, Heigl T, Sacreas A, Cook DP, Verbeken E, Maes K, Verhaegen J, Pilette C, Vanoirbeek J, Gysemans C, Mathieu C, Vanaudenaerde B, Janssens W, Gayan-Ramirez G. Effects of repeated infections with non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae on lung in vitamin D deficient and smoking mice. Respir Res 2022; 23:40. [PMID: 35236342 PMCID: PMC8889723 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-01962-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), exacerbations cause acute inflammatory flare-ups and increase the risk for hospitalization and mortality. Exacerbations are common in all disease stages and are often caused by bacterial infections e.g., non-typeable Heamophilus influenzae (NTHi). Accumulating evidence also associates vitamin D deficiency with the severity of COPD and exacerbation frequency. However, it is still unclear whether vitamin D deficiency when combined with cigarette smoking would worsen and prolong exacerbations caused by repeated infections with the same bacterial strain. Methods Vitamin D sufficient (VDS) and deficient (VDD) mice were exposed to nose-only cigarette smoke (CS) for 14 weeks and oropharyngeally instilled with NTHi at week 6, 10 and 14. Three days after the last instillation, mice were assessed for lung function, tissue remodeling, inflammation and immunity. The impact of VDD and CS on inflammatory cells and immunoglobulin (Ig) production was also assessed in non-infected animals while serum Ig production against NTHi and dsDNA was measured in COPD patients before and 1 year after supplementation with Vitamin D3. Results VDD enhanced NTHi eradication, independently of CS and complete eradication was reflected by decreased anti-NTHi Ig’s within the lung. In addition, VDD led to an increase in total lung capacity (TLC), lung compliance (Cchord), MMP12/TIMP1 ratio with a rise in serum Ig titers and anti-dsDNA Ig’s. Interestingly, in non-infected animals, VDD exacerbated the CS-induced anti-NTHi Ig’s, anti-dsDNA Ig’s and inflammatory cells within the lung. In COPD patients, serum Ig production was not affected by vitamin D status but anti-NTHi IgG increased after vitamin D3 supplementation in patients who were Vitamin D insufficient before treatment. Conclusion During repeated infections, VDD facilitated NTHi eradication and resolution of local lung inflammation through production of anti-NTHi Ig, independently of CS whilst it also promoted autoantibodies. In COPD patients, vitamin D supplementation could be protective against NTHi infections in vitamin D insufficient patients. Future research is needed to decipher the determinants of dual effects of VDD on adaptive immunity. Trail registration ClinicalTrials, NCT00666367. Registered 23 April 2008, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT00666367. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-01962-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jef Serré
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&NI bis, box 706, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ajime Tom Tanjeko
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&NI bis, box 706, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carolien Mathyssen
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&NI bis, box 706, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tobias Heigl
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&NI bis, box 706, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annelore Sacreas
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&NI bis, box 706, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dana Paulina Cook
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik Verbeken
- Translational Cell & Tissue Research, Department of Imaging & Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Maes
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&NI bis, box 706, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Verhaegen
- Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Charles Pilette
- Institute of Experimental & Clinical Research, Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Department of Pulmonology, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Vanoirbeek
- Centre of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Conny Gysemans
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Vanaudenaerde
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&NI bis, box 706, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Janssens
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&NI bis, box 706, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislaine Gayan-Ramirez
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&NI bis, box 706, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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9
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Matos C, Renner K, Peuker A, Schoenhammer G, Schreiber L, Bruss C, Eder R, Bruns H, Flamann C, Hoffmann P, Gebhard C, Herr W, Rehli M, Peter K, Kreutz M. Physiological levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 induce a suppressive CD4 + T cell phenotype not reflected in the epigenetic landscape. Scand J Immunol 2022; 95:e13146. [PMID: 35073416 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2 D3 ), the active metabolite of vitamin D3 has a strong impact on the differentiation and function of immune cells. Here we analyzed the influence of its precursor 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3 ) on the differentiation of human CD4+ T cells applying physiological concentrations in vitro. Our data show that 25(OH)D3 is converted to its active form 1,25(OH)2 D3 by T cells, which in turn supports FOXP3, CD25 and CTLA-4 expression and inhibits IFN-γ production. These changes were not reflected in the demethylation of the respective promoters. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of vitamin D3 metabolites under induced Treg polarization conditions using TGF-β. Surprisingly, no additive effect but a decreased percentage of FOXP3 expressing cells was observed. However, the combination of 25(OH)D3 or 1,25(OH)2 D3 together with TGF-β further upregulated CD25 and CTLA-4 and significantly increased soluble CTLA-4 and IL-10 secretion whereas IFN-γ expression of iTreg was decreased. Our data suggest that physiological levels of 25(OH)D3 act as potent modulator of human CD4+ T cells and autocrine or paracrine production of 1,25(OH)2 D3 by T cells might be crucial for the local regulation of an adaptive immune response. However, since no epigenetic changes are detected by 25(OH)D3 a rather transient phenotype is induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Matos
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Renner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alice Peuker
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Schoenhammer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Laura Schreiber
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christina Bruss
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ruediger Eder
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Heiko Bruns
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 - Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cindy Flamann
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 - Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Germany
| | - Petra Hoffmann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center of Regensburg, Germany.,Regensburg Centre for Interventional Immunology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Gebhard
- Regensburg Centre for Interventional Immunology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Rehli
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center of Regensburg, Germany.,Regensburg Centre for Interventional Immunology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Peter
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marina Kreutz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center of Regensburg, Germany.,Regensburg Centre for Interventional Immunology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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10
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Mi Y, Han J, Zhu J, Jin T. Role of the PD-1/PD-L1 Signaling in Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: Recent Insights and Future Directions. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:6249-6271. [PMID: 34480337 PMCID: PMC8639577 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02495-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmunity-related chronic demyelination disease of the central nervous system (CNS), causing young disability. Currently, highly specific immunotherapies for MS are still lacking. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is an immunosuppressive co-stimulatory molecule, which is expressed on activated T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and other immune cells. PD-L1, the ligand of PD-1, is expressed on T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages. PD-1/PD-L1 delivers negative regulatory signals to immune cells, maintaining immune tolerance and inhibiting autoimmunity. This review comprehensively summarizes current insights into the role of PD-1/PD-L1 signaling in MS and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The potentiality of PD-1/PD-L1 as biomarkers or therapeutic targets for MS will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Mi
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Jinming Han
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021 China
- Present Address: Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021 China
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021 China
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11
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Regulatory Macrophages and Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells in Myeloid Regulatory Cell-Based Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157970. [PMID: 34360736 PMCID: PMC8348814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid regulatory cell-based therapy has been shown to be a promising cell-based medicinal approach in organ transplantation and for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease and multiple sclerosis. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most efficient antigen-presenting cells and can naturally acquire tolerogenic properties through a variety of differentiation signals and stimuli. Several subtypes of DCs have been generated using additional agents, including vitamin D3, rapamycin and dexamethasone, or immunosuppressive cytokines, such as interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). These cells have been extensively studied in animals and humans to develop clinical-grade tolerogenic (tol)DCs. Regulatory macrophages (Mregs) are another type of protective myeloid cell that provide a tolerogenic environment, and have mainly been studied within the context of research on organ transplantation. This review aims to thoroughly describe the ex vivo generation of tolDCs and Mregs, their mechanism of action, as well as their therapeutic application and assessment in human clinical trials.
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12
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Garcia AM, Bishop EL, Li D, Jeffery LE, Garten A, Thakker A, Certo M, Mauro C, Tennant DA, Dimeloe S, Evelo CT, Coort SL, Hewison M. Tolerogenic effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D on dendritic cells involve induction of fatty acid synthesis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 211:105891. [PMID: 33785437 PMCID: PMC8223499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) is a potent regulator of immune function, promoting anti-inflammatory, tolerogenic T cell responses by modulating antigen presentation by dendritic cells (DC). Transcriptomic analyses indicate that DC responses to 1,25D involve changes in glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, electron transport and the TCA cycle. To determine the functional impact of 1,25D-mediated metabolic remodelling, human monocyte-derived DC were differentiated to immature (+vehicle, iDC), mature (+LPS, mDC), and immature tolerogenic DC (+1,25D, itolDC) and characterised for metabolic function. In contrast to mDC which showed no change in respiration, itolDC showed increased basal and ATP-linked respiration relative to iDC. Tracer metabolite analyses using 13C -labeled glucose showed increased lactate and TCA cycle metabolites. Analysis of lipophilic metabolites of 13C-glucose revealed significant incorporation of label in palmitate and palmitoleate, indicating that 1,25D promotes metabolic fatty acid synthesis in itolDC. Inhibition of fatty acid synthesis in itolDC altered itolDC morphology and suppressed expression of CD14 and IL-10 by these cells. These data indicate that the ability of 1,25D to induce tolerogenic DC involves metabolic remodelling leading to synthesis of fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amadeo Muñoz Garcia
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Department of Bioinformatics-BiGCaT, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Emma L Bishop
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Danyang Li
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Louisa E Jeffery
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Antje Garten
- Universität Leipzig, Medizinische Fakultät, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Alpesh Thakker
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Michelangelo Certo
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Claudio Mauro
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel A Tennant
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Dimeloe
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Chris T Evelo
- Department of Bioinformatics-BiGCaT, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; Maastricht Centre for System Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Susan L Coort
- Department of Bioinformatics-BiGCaT, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Martin Hewison
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
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13
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Lin J, Wang H, Liu C, Cheng A, Deng Q, Zhu H, Chen J. Dendritic Cells: Versatile Players in Renal Transplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:654540. [PMID: 34093544 PMCID: PMC8170486 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.654540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) induce and regulate adaptive immunity through migrating and maturing in the kidney. In this procedure, they can adopt different phenotypes—rejection-associated DCs promote acute or chronic injury renal grafts while tolerogenic DCs suppress the overwhelmed inflammation preventing damage to renal functionality. All the subsets interact with effector T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) stimulated by the ischemia–reperfusion procedure, although the classification corresponding to different effects remains controversial. Thus, in this review, we discuss the origin, maturation, and pathological effects of DCs in the kidney. Then we summarize the roles of divergent DCs in renal transplantation: taking both positive and negative stages in ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI), switching phenotypes to induce acute or chronic rejection, and orchestrating surface markers for allograft tolerance via alterations in metabolism. In conclusion, we prospect that multidimensional transcriptomic analysis will revolute researches on renal transplantation by addressing the elusive mononuclear phagocyte classification and providing a holistic view of DC ontogeny and subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Lin
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Disease, Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,The Third Grade Laboratory under the National State, Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongyi Wang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chenxi Liu
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ao Cheng
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qingwei Deng
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Disease, Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,The Third Grade Laboratory under the National State, Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Kalinina O, Talley S, Zamora-Pineda J, Paik W, Campbell EM, Knight KL. Amelioration of Graft-versus-Host Disease by Exopolysaccharide from a Commensal Bacterium. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:2101-2108. [PMID: 33846225 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) is a severe, often lethal, complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and although prophylactic regimens are given as standard pretransplantation therapy, up to 60% of these patients develop aGvHD, and require additional immunosuppressive intervention. We treated mice with a purified probiotic molecule, exopolysaccharide (EPS) from Bacillus subtilis, shortly before and after induction of aGvHD and found that, whereas only 10% of control mice survived to day 80, 70% of EPS-treated mice survived to 80 d. EPS treatment of donor-only mice resulted in ∼60% survival. Using a biosensor mouse model to assess inflammation in live mice during aGvHD, we found that EPS prevented the activation of alloreactive donor T cells. In vitro, EPS did not affect T cells directly but, instead, induced bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) that displayed characteristics of inhibitory dendritic cells (DCs). Development of these BMDCs required TLR4 signaling through both MyD88 and TRIF pathways. Using BMDCs derived from IDO knockout mice, we showed that T cell inhibition by EPS-treated BMDCs was mediated through the suppressive effects of IDO. These studies describe a bacterial molecule that modulates immune responses by inducing inhibitory DCs in a TLR4-dependent manner, and these cells have the capacity to inhibit T cell activation through IDO. We suggest that EPS or EPS-treated DCs can serve as novel agents for preventing aGvHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kalinina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
| | - Sarah Talley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
| | - Jesus Zamora-Pineda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
| | - Wonbeom Paik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
| | - Edward M Campbell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
| | - Katherine L Knight
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
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15
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Briceno Noriega D, Savelkoul HFJ. Vitamin D and Allergy Susceptibility during Gestation and Early Life. Nutrients 2021; 13:1015. [PMID: 33801051 PMCID: PMC8003945 DOI: 10.3390/nu13031015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, the prevalence of allergies in young children, but also vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy and in newborns is rising. Vitamin D modulates the development and activity of the immune system and a low vitamin D status during pregnancy and in early life might be associated with an increased risk to develop an allergy during early childhood. This review studies the effects of vitamin D during gestation and early life, on allergy susceptibility in infants. The bioactive form of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)2D, inhibits maturation and results in immature dendritic cells that cause a decreased differentiation of naive T cells into effector T cells. Nevertheless, the development of regulatory T cells and the production of interleukin-10 was increased. Consequently, a more tolerogenic immune response developed against antigens. Secondly, binding of 1,25(OH)2D to epithelial cells induces the expression of tight junction proteins resulting in enhanced epithelial barrier function. Thirdly, 1,25(OH)2D increased the expression of anti-microbial peptides by epithelial cells that also promoted the defense mechanism against pathogens, by preventing an invasive penetration of pathogens. Immune intervention by vitamin D supplementation can mitigate the disease burden from asthma and allergy. In conclusion, our review indicates that a sufficient vitamin D status during gestation and early life can lower the susceptibility to develop an allergy in infants although there remains a need for more causal evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huub F. J. Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands;
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16
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Ness S, Lin S, Gordon JR. Regulatory Dendritic Cells, T Cell Tolerance, and Dendritic Cell Therapy for Immunologic Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:633436. [PMID: 33777019 PMCID: PMC7988082 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.633436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are antigen-presenting cells that can communicate with T cells both directly and indirectly, regulating our adaptive immune responses against environmental and self-antigens. Under some microenvironmental conditions DC develop into anti-inflammatory cells which can induce immunologic tolerance. A substantial body of literature has confirmed that in such settings regulatory DC (DCreg) induce T cell tolerance by suppression of effector T cells as well as by induction of regulatory T cells (Treg). Many in vitro studies have been undertaken with human DCreg which, as a surrogate marker of antigen-specific tolerogenic potential, only poorly activate allogeneic T cell responses. Fewer studies have addressed the abilities of, or mechanisms by which these human DCreg suppress autologous effector T cell responses and induce infectious tolerance-promoting Treg responses. Moreover, the agents and properties that render DC as tolerogenic are many and varied, as are the cells’ relative regulatory activities and mechanisms of action. Herein we review the most current human and, where gaps exist, murine DCreg literature that addresses the cellular and molecular biology of these cells. We also address the clinical relevance of human DCreg, highlighting the outcomes of pre-clinical mouse and non-human primate studies and early phase clinical trials that have been undertaken, as well as the impact of innate immune receptors and symbiotic microbial signaling on the immunobiology of DCreg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ness
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Shiming Lin
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - John R Gordon
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Division of Respirology, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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17
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Prospective pilot trial of calcipotriene as a novel topical treatment for acute skin graft versus host disease. Bone Marrow Transplant 2021; 56:1441-1444. [PMID: 33420390 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-020-01189-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Skin graft versus host disease (GVHD) can affect quality of life in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Therapeutic options for steroid-refractory GVHD are limited. We report the first prospective pilot study evaluating the topical vitamin D3 analog Calcipotriene (DOVONEX 0.005% cream) for acute skin GVHD in children, with associated analyses of target organ chemokine CXCL10 changes in response to therapy. We observed that Calcipotriene applications were safe and well tolerated. There were no symptom progression nor new symptoms requiring GVHD therapy escalation during study period. The most consistent response observed by study subjects was resolution of pruritus in eight patients and significant improvement in pruritus in two study subjects. Nine of ten patients had improvement or resolution of skin rash. In addition, we documented reduction of CXCL10 levels in the skin of seven subjects with GVHD after Calcipotriene course using non-invasive D-Squame® disc application to the skin for chemokine analysis. Our pilot study shows promising observation that topical Calcipotriene could be a novel therapeutic option for acute skin GVHD, especially in patients presenting with pruritus and should be studied in larger prospective studies.
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18
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L Bishop E, Ismailova A, Dimeloe S, Hewison M, White JH. Vitamin D and Immune Regulation: Antibacterial, Antiviral, Anti-Inflammatory. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10405. [PMID: 32904944 PMCID: PMC7461279 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of immune function continues to be one of the most well-recognized extraskeletal actions of vitamin D. This stemmed initially from the discovery that antigen presenting cells such as macrophages could actively metabolize precursor 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D) to active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D). Parallel observation that activated cells from the immune system expressed the intracellular vitamin D receptor (VDR) for 1,25D suggested a potential role for vitamin D as a localized endogenous modulator of immune function. Subsequent studies have expanded our understanding of how vitamin D exerts effects on both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. At an innate level, intracrine synthesis of 1,25D by macrophages and dendritic cells stimulates expression of antimicrobial proteins such as cathelicidin, as well as lowering intracellular iron concentrations via suppression of hepcidin. By potently enhancing autophagy, 1,25D may also play an important role in combatting intracellular pathogens such as M. tuberculosis and viral infections. Local synthesis of 1,25D by macrophages and dendritic cells also appears to play a pivotal role in mediating T-cell responses to vitamin D, leading to suppression of inflammatory T helper (Th)1 and Th17 cells, and concomitant induction of immunotolerogenic T-regulatory responses. The aim of this review is to provide an update on our current understanding of these prominent immune actions of vitamin D, as well as highlighting new, less well-recognized immune effects of vitamin D. The review also aims to place this mechanistic basis for the link between vitamin D and immunity with studies in vivo that have explored a role for vitamin D supplementation as a strategy for improved immune health. This has gained prominence in recent months with the global coronavirus disease 2019 health crisis and highlights important new objectives for future studies of vitamin D and immune function. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Bishop
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Aiten Ismailova
- Department of PhysiologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Sarah Dimeloe
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Metabolism and Systems ResearchUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Martin Hewison
- Metabolism and Systems ResearchUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - John H White
- Department of PhysiologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of MedicineMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
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19
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Doi J, Moro A, Fujiki M, Eghtesad B, Quintini C, Menon KVN, Hashimoto K, Sasaki K. Nutrition Support in Liver Transplantation and Postoperative Recovery: The Effects of Vitamin D Level and Vitamin D Supplementation in Liver Transplantation. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3677. [PMID: 33260597 PMCID: PMC7759902 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D plays an important role in the arena of liver transplantation. In addition to affecting skeletal health significantly, it also clinically exerts immune-modulatory properties. Vitamin D deficiency is one of the nutritional issues in the perioperative period of liver transplantation (LT). Although vitamin D deficiency is known to contribute to higher incidences of acute cellular rejection (ACR) and graft failure in other solid organ transplantation, such as kidneys and lungs, its role in LT is not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical implication of vitamin D deficiency in LT. LT outcomes were reviewed in a retrospective cohort of 528 recipients during 2014-2019. In the pre-transplant period, 55% of patients were vitamin-D-deficient. The serum vitamin D level was correlated with the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD-Na) score. Vitamin D deficiency in the post-transplant period was associated with lower survival after LT, and the post-transplant supplementation of vitamin D was associated with a lower risk of ACR. The optimal vitamin D status and vitamin D supplementation in the post-transplant period may prolong survival and reduce ACR incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junshi Doi
- Department of General Surgery, Digestive Disease & Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (J.D.); (A.M.); (M.F.); (B.E.); (C.Q.); (K.H.)
| | - Amika Moro
- Department of General Surgery, Digestive Disease & Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (J.D.); (A.M.); (M.F.); (B.E.); (C.Q.); (K.H.)
| | - Masato Fujiki
- Department of General Surgery, Digestive Disease & Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (J.D.); (A.M.); (M.F.); (B.E.); (C.Q.); (K.H.)
| | - Bijan Eghtesad
- Department of General Surgery, Digestive Disease & Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (J.D.); (A.M.); (M.F.); (B.E.); (C.Q.); (K.H.)
| | - Cristiano Quintini
- Department of General Surgery, Digestive Disease & Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (J.D.); (A.M.); (M.F.); (B.E.); (C.Q.); (K.H.)
| | - K. V. Narayanan Menon
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Koji Hashimoto
- Department of General Surgery, Digestive Disease & Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (J.D.); (A.M.); (M.F.); (B.E.); (C.Q.); (K.H.)
| | - Kazunari Sasaki
- Department of General Surgery, Digestive Disease & Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (J.D.); (A.M.); (M.F.); (B.E.); (C.Q.); (K.H.)
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20
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Zhuang Q, Cai H, Cao Q, Li Z, Liu S, Ming Y. Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells: The Pearl of Immunotherapy in Organ Transplantation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:552988. [PMID: 33123131 PMCID: PMC7573100 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.552988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over a half century, organ transplantation has become an effective method for the treatment of end-stage visceral diseases. Although the application of immunosuppressants (IS) minimizes the rate of allograft rejection, the common use of IS bring many adverse effects to transplant patients. Moreover, true transplant tolerance is very rare in clinical practice. Dendritic cells (DCs) are thought to be the most potent antigen-presenting cells, which makes a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. Among their subsets, a small portion of DCs with immunoregulatory function was known as tolerogenic DC (Tol-DC). Previous reports demonstrated the ability of adoptively transferred Tol-DC to approach transplant tolerance in animal models. In this study, we summarized the properties, ex vivo generation, metabolism, and clinical attempts of Tol-DC. Tol-DC is expected to become a substitute for IS to enable patients to achieve immune tolerance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhuang
- Transplantation Center of the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Haozheng Cai
- Transplantation Center of the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qingtai Cao
- Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zixin Li
- Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Transplantation Center of the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yingzi Ming
- Transplantation Center of the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine, Changsha, China
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21
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Bi CS, Li X, Qu HL, Sun LJ, An Y, Hong YL, Tian BM, Chen FM. Calcitriol inhibits osteoclastogenesis in an inflammatory environment by changing the proportion and function of T helper cell subsets (Th2/Th17). Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12827. [PMID: 32406154 PMCID: PMC7309596 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Previously, we found that by regulating T helper (Th) cell polarization, calcitriol intervention inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced alveolar bone loss in an animal periodontitis model, but the underlying cellular events remain unknown. Materials and methods In this study, mouse Th cells were incubated in an inflammatory environment in the presence of dendritic cells (DCs) and LPS. Then, the potential of the Th cells to undergo Th2/Th17 polarization, the RANKL expression of the polarized Th cells and the subsequent influences of the polarized Th cells on RAW264.7 cell osteoclastogenesis in response to calcitriol administration were assessed. Finally, the effects of calcitriol on antigen presentation by DCs during these cellular events were evaluated. Results In response to calcitriol administration, Th cells in an inflammatory environment exhibited an enhanced potential for Th2 polarization along with a decreased potential for Th17 polarization. In addition, RANKL expression in Th17‐polarized cells was largely inhibited. Furthermore, inflammation‐induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 cells was suppressed following coculture with calcitriol‐treated Th cells. During these cellular events, increased expression of Th2 promoters (such as OX‐40L and CCL17) and decreased expression of Th17 promoters (such as IL‐23 and IL‐6) were found in DCs. Conclusions Calcitriol can inhibit osteoclastogenesis in an inflammatory environment by changing the proportion and function of Th cell subsets. Our findings suggest that calcitriol may be an effective therapeutic agent for treating periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Sheng Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Periodontics, Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong-Lei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li-Juan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying An
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong-Long Hong
- Stomatology Center, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bei-Min Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fa-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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22
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Flamann C, Peter K, Kreutz M, Bruns H. Regulation of the Immune Balance During Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation by Vitamin D. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2586. [PMID: 31749811 PMCID: PMC6848223 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most promising therapeutic approaches for numerous hematological malignancies represents the allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). One major complication is the development of the life-threatening graft-vs.-host disease (GvHD) which limits beneficial effects of graft-vs.-leukemia (GvL) responses during allo-HSCT. Strengthening GvL effects without induction of severe GvHD is essential to decrease the relapse rate after allo-HSCT. An interesting player in this context is vitamin D3 since it has modulatory capacity in both preventing GvHD and boosting GvL responses. Current studies claim that vitamin D3 induces an immunosuppressive environment by dendritic cell (DC)-dependent generation of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Since vitamin D3 is known to support the antimicrobial defense by re-establishing the physical barrier as well as releasing defensins and antimicrobial peptides, it might also improve graft-vs.-infection (GvI) effects in patients. Beyond that, alloreactive T cells might be attenuated by vitamin D3-mediated inhibition of proliferation and activation. Despite the inhibitory effects of vitamin D3 on T cells, anti-tumor responses of GvL might be reinforced by vitamin D3-triggered phagocytic activity and antibody-based immunotherapy. Therefore, vitamin D3 treatment does not only lead to a shift from a pro-inflammatory toward a tolerogenic state but also promotes tumoricidal activity of immune cells. In this review we focus on vitamin D3 and its immunomodulatory effects by enhancing anti-tumor activity while alleviating harmful allogeneic responses in order to restore the immune balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Flamann
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology/Oncology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katrin Peter
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Hematology and Internal Oncology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marina Kreutz
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Hematology and Internal Oncology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Heiko Bruns
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology/Oncology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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23
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Vitamin D supplementation could reduce the risk of acute cellular rejection and infection in vitamin D deficient liver allograft recipients. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 75:105811. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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