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Angulo-Elizari E, Henriquez-Figuereo A, Morán-Serradilla C, Plano D, Sanmartín C. Unlocking the potential of 1,4-naphthoquinones: A comprehensive review of their anticancer properties. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116249. [PMID: 38458106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Cancer encompasses a group of pathologies with common characteristics, high incidence, and prevalence in all countries. Although there are treatments available for this disease, they are not always effective or safe, often failing to achieve the desired results. This is why it is necessary to continue the search for new therapies. One of the strategies for obtaining new antitumor drugs is the use of 1,4-naphthoquinone as a scaffold in synthetic or natural products with antitumor activity. This review focuses on compiling studies related to the antitumor activity of 1,4-naphthoquinone and its natural and synthetic derivatives over the last 10 years. The work describes the main natural naphthoquinones with antitumor activity and classifies the synthetic naphthoquinones based on the structural modifications made to the scaffold. Additionally, the formation of metal complexes using naphthoquinones as a ligand is considered. After a thorough review, 197 synthetic compounds with potent biological activity against cancer have been classified according to their chemical structures and their mechanisms of action have been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Angulo-Elizari
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Andreina Henriquez-Figuereo
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina Morán-Serradilla
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Daniel Plano
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
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Ren QL, Wang Q, Zhang XQ, Wang M, Hu H, Tang JJ, Yang XT, Ran YH, Liu HH, Song ZX, Liu JG, Li XL. Anticancer Activity of Diosgenin and Its Molecular Mechanism. Chin J Integr Med 2023:10.1007/s11655-023-3693-1. [PMID: 36940072 PMCID: PMC10026233 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-023-3693-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Diosgenin, a steroidal sapogenin, obtained from Trigonella foenum-graecum, Dioscorea, and Rhizoma polgonati, has shown high potential and interest in the treatment of various cancers such as oral squamous cell carcinoma, laryngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer, glioma, and leukemia. This article aims to provide an overview of the in vivo, in vitro, and clinical studies reporting the diosgenin's anticancer effects. Preclinical studies have shown promising effects of diosgenin on inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and growth, promoting apoptosis, inducing differentiation and autophagy, inhibiting tumor cell metastasis and invasion, blocking cell cycle, regulating immunity and improving gut microbiome. Clinical investigations have revealed clinical dosage and safety property of diosgenin. Furthermore, in order to improve the biological activity and bioavailability of diosgenin, this review focuses on the development of diosgenin nano drug carriers, combined drugs and the diosgenin derivatives. However, further designed trials are needed to unravel the diosgenin's deficiencies in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun-Li Ren
- Special Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and Drug Development, Higher Education Institution, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Special Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and Drug Development, Higher Education Institution, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
| | - Xin-Qun Zhang
- Zheng'an County people's Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Special Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and Drug Development, Higher Education Institution, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
| | - Huan Hu
- Special Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and Drug Development, Higher Education Institution, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
| | - Jun-Jie Tang
- School of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
| | - Xiong-Tong Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
| | - Ying-Hui Ran
- School of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
| | - Huan-Huan Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
| | - Zhi-Xing Song
- School of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
| | - Jian-Guo Liu
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Li
- Special Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and Drug Development, Higher Education Institution, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China.
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China.
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China.
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Hybrids of 1,4-Quinone with Quinoline Derivatives: Synthesis, Biological Activity, and Molecular Docking with DT-Diaphorase (NQO1). Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196206. [PMID: 36234741 PMCID: PMC9572083 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrids 1,4-quinone with quinoline were obtained by connecting two active structures through an oxygen atom. This strategy allows to obtain new compounds with a high biological activity and suitable bioavailability. Newly synthesized compounds were characterized by various spectroscopic methods. The enzymatic assay used showed that these compounds were a suitable DT-diaphorase (NQO1) substrates as evidenced by increasing enzymatic conversion rates relative to that of streptonigrin. Hybrids were tested in vitro against a panel of human cell lines including melanoma, breast, and lung cancers. They showed also a high cytotoxic activity depending on the type of 1,4-quinone moiety and the applied tumor cell lines. It was found that cytotoxic activity of the studied hybrids was increasing against the cell lines with higher NQO1 protein level, such as breast (MCF-7 and T47D) and lung (A549) cancers. Selected hybrids were tested for the transcriptional activity of the gene encoding a proliferation marker (H3 histone), cell cycle regulators (p53 and p21) and the apoptosis pathway (BCL-2 and BAX). The molecular docking was used to examine the probable interaction between the hybrids and NQO1 protein.
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Mancini I, Vigna J, Sighel D, Defant A. Hybrid Molecules Containing Naphthoquinone and Quinolinedione Scaffolds as Antineoplastic Agents. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154948. [PMID: 35956896 PMCID: PMC9370406 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, molecular hybridization has proven to be an efficient tool for obtaining new synthetic molecules to treat different diseases. Based on the core idea of covalently combining at least two pharmacophore fragments present in different drugs and/or bioactive molecules, the new hybrids have shown advantages when compared with the compounds of origin. Hybridization could be successfully applied to anticancer drug discovery, where efforts are underway to develop novel therapeutics which are safer and more effective than those currently in use. Molecules presenting naphthoquinone moieties are involved in redox processes and in other molecular mechanisms affecting cancer cells. Naphthoquinones have been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth and are considered privileged structures and useful templates in the design of hybrids. The present work aims at summarizing the current knowledge on antitumor hybrids built using 1,4- and 1,2-naphthoquinone (present in natural compounds as lawsone, napabucasin, plumbagin, lapachol, α-lapachone, and β -lapachone), and the related quinolone- and isoquinolinedione scaffolds reported in the literature up to 2021. In detail, the design and synthetic approaches adopted to produce the reported compounds are highlighted, the structural fragments considered in hybridization and their biological activities are described, and the structure–activity relationships and the computational analyses applied are underlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Mancini
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Physics, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (J.V.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jacopo Vigna
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Physics, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (J.V.); (A.D.)
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy;
| | - Denise Sighel
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy;
| | - Andrea Defant
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Physics, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (J.V.); (A.D.)
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Dharani S, Kalaiarasi G, Ravi M, Sathan Raj N, Lynch VM, Prabhakaran R. Diosgenin derivatives developed from Pd(II) catalysed dehydrogenative coupling exert an effect on breast cancer cells by abrogating their growth and facilitating apoptosis via regulating the AKT1 pathway. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:6766-6777. [PMID: 35420095 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00514j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Palladium metallates containing 4-oxo-4H-chromene-3-carbaldehyde derived ONS donor Schiff bases were synthesized and their efficacy was tested in the direct amination of diosgenin - a phyto steroid. Based on the pharmacological importance of diosgenin, the obtained derivatives were exposed to study their effect on breast cancer cells where they significantly reduced the growth of cancer cells and left non-malignant breast epithelial cells unaffected. Among the derivatives, D3, D4 and D6 showed a better anti-proliferative effect and further analysis revealed that the D3, D4 and D6 derivatives markedly promoted cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by attenuation of the AKT1 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dharani
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India.
| | - G Kalaiarasi
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India.
| | - M Ravi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India.
| | - N Sathan Raj
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India.
| | - Vincent M Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712-1224, USA
| | - R Prabhakaran
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India.
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Mironov ME, Borisov SA, Rybalova TV, Baev DS, Tolstikova TG, Shults EE. Synthesis of Anti-Inflammatory Spirostene-Pyrazole Conjugates by a Consecutive Multicomponent Reaction of Diosgenin with Oxalyl Chloride, Arylalkynes and Hydrazines or Hydrazones. Molecules 2021; 27:molecules27010162. [PMID: 35011399 PMCID: PMC8746855 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid sapogenin diosgenin is of significant interest due to its biological activity and synthetic application. A consecutive one-pot reaction of diosgenin, oxalyl chloride, arylacetylenes, and phenylhydrazine give rise to steroidal 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazoles (isolated yield 46–60%) when the Stephens–Castro reaction and heterocyclization steps were carried out by heating in benzene. When the cyclization step of alkyndione with phenylhydrazine was performed in 2-methoxyethanol at room temperature, steroidal α,β-alkynyl (E)- and (Z)-hydrazones were isolated along with 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazole and the isomeric 2,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazole. The consecutive reaction of diosgenin, oxalyl chloride, phenylacetylene and benzoic acid hydrazides efficiently forms steroidal 1-benzoyl-5-hydroxy-3-phenylpyrazolines. The structure of new compounds was unambiguously corroborated by comprehensive NMR spectroscopy, mass-spectrometry, and X-ray structure analyses. Performing the heterocyclization step of ynedione with hydrazine monohydrate in 2-methoxyethanol allowed the synthesis of 5-phenyl substituted steroidal pyrazole, which was found to exhibit high anti-inflammatory activity, comparable to that of diclofenac sodium, a commercial pain reliever. It was shown by molecular docking that the new derivatives are incorporated into the binding site of the protein Keap1 Kelch-domain by their alkynylhydrazone or pyrazole substituent with the formation of more non-covalent bonds and have higher affinity than the initial spirostene core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim E. Mironov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Lavrentyev Ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.E.M.); (S.A.B.); (T.V.R.); (D.S.B.); (T.G.T.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Piragova Str., 1, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Borisov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Lavrentyev Ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.E.M.); (S.A.B.); (T.V.R.); (D.S.B.); (T.G.T.)
| | - Tatyana V. Rybalova
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Lavrentyev Ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.E.M.); (S.A.B.); (T.V.R.); (D.S.B.); (T.G.T.)
| | - Dmitry S. Baev
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Lavrentyev Ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.E.M.); (S.A.B.); (T.V.R.); (D.S.B.); (T.G.T.)
| | - Tatyana G. Tolstikova
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Lavrentyev Ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.E.M.); (S.A.B.); (T.V.R.); (D.S.B.); (T.G.T.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Piragova Str., 1, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elvira E. Shults
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Lavrentyev Ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.E.M.); (S.A.B.); (T.V.R.); (D.S.B.); (T.G.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(383)-3308-533
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