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Sadh PK, Chawla P, Kumar S, Das A, Kumar R, Bains A, Sridhar K, Duhan JS, Sharma M. Recovery of agricultural waste biomass: A path for circular bioeconomy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 870:161904. [PMID: 36736404 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Circular bio-economy is a significant approach to resolving global issues elevated by environmental pollution. The generation of bioenergy and biomaterials can withstand the energy-environment connection as well as substitute petroleum-based materials as the feed stock production, thereby contributing to a cleaner and low-carbon-safe environment. Open discarding of waste is a major cause of environmental pollution in developing and under developed countries. Agricultural bio-wastes are obtained through various biological sources and industrial processing, signifying a typical renewable source of energy with ample nutrients and readily biodegradable organic substances. These waste materials are competent to decompose under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The projected global population, urbanization, economic development, and changing production and consumption behavior result in bounteous bio-waste production. These bio-wastes mainly contain starch, cellulose, protein, hemicellulose, and lipids, which can operate as low-cost raw materials to develop new value-added products. Thus, this review discussed specifically the agricultural waste and valorization processes used to convert this waste into value-added products (biofuel, enzymes, antibiotics, ethanol and single cell protein). These value added products are used in the supply chain and enhance the overall performance of agriculture waste management, execution of circular bio-economy has attained significant importance and it explains a closed-loop system in which the potential resources remain in the loop, allowing them to be sustained into a new value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardeep Kumar Sadh
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa 125055, Haryana, India
| | - Prince Chawla
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144 411, Punjab, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa 125055, Haryana, India
| | - Anamika Das
- Department of Paramedical Sciences, Guru Kashi University, Talwandi Sabo 151 302, Punjab, India
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa 125055, Haryana, India
| | - Aarti Bains
- Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144 411, Punjab, India
| | - Kandi Sridhar
- Department of Food Technology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore 641021, India
| | - Joginder Singh Duhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa 125055, Haryana, India.
| | - Minaxi Sharma
- Haute Ecole Provinciale de Hainaut-Condorcet, 7800 Ath, Belgium.
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Ogunjobi JK, Ademola OT. In Pursuit of Alternative Bio-based Body Deodorants: Production, Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Performances of Deodourising Soaps. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-022-00552-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Anjum S, Rana S, Dasila K, Agnihotri V, Pandey A, Pande V. Comparative nutritional and antimicrobial analysis of Himalayan black and yellow soybean and their okara. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:5358-5367. [PMID: 35318666 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybean is believed to have good nutraceutical potential which is important for human health. Yellow soybean (YS) is generally used for the production of soymilk and other products, while black soybean (BS) is less explored. During the production of soymilk, residue, called okara is generated which is reported to have a good amount of nutrient content. Studies are generally performed with YS while BS is less explored. The present work is a comparison of the nutraceutical potential of BS and YS and their okara, mainly in terms of proximate, minerals, antinutrients, and isoflavone content and bioactivity of all types of samples in terms of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. RESULTS Compared to raw soybean, protein content decreased significantly in both types of okara. Phytochemicals like ascorbic acid, catechin, quercetin, and gallic acid were significantly (P < 0.05) high in BS residue in comparison to respective raw soybean. Among isoflavones, daidzin and genistin were found significantly varying among all the samples, and glycitin and glycitein were not present in YS. CONCLUSION The nutraceutical potential and antimicrobial activity were comparative for both the raw beans and their okara, while the phytochemical contents and antioxidant activity were higher in the case of BS and its okara. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiya Anjum
- Centre for Land and Water Resource Management, G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Almora, India
| | - Smita Rana
- Centre for Land and Water Resource Management, G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Almora, India
| | - Khashti Dasila
- Centre for Land and Water Resource Management, G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Almora, India
| | - Vasudha Agnihotri
- Centre for Land and Water Resource Management, G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Almora, India
| | - Anita Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India
| | - Veena Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Nainital, India
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Zhang X, Xu H, Hua J, Zhu Z, Wang M. Protective Effects of Grapefruit Essential Oil against Staphylococcus Aureus-Induced Inflammation and Cell Damage in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200205. [PMID: 35505451 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a common skin pathogenic bacterium, over-colonization can induce skin infections, while its metabolites can also produce irritation to the skin, often accompanied by eczema dermatitis, specific dermatitis and other skin diseases. Grapefruit essential oil is extracted from the fruit of grapefruit (Citrus maxima (Burm) Merr.), a citrus plant that is rich in flavonoids, phenolic acids and high flavanones. Due to its good odor and biological activity such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, etc., grapefruit essential oil has been widely used as an additive in food. To evaluate the potential application of grapefruit essential oil as raw materials in cosmetics products and health foods, we developed a cell damage model of skin inflammation stimulated by S. aureus metabolites. Compared to that of lime essential oil, an internal control, we found that grapefruit essential oil could significantly promote HaCaT cells proliferation, reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by S. aureus metabolites, inhibit the upregulated expression of IL-1 and COX-2. In the 3D epidermal model, grapefruit essential oil could recover the decreased LOR and FLG contents caused by S. aureus metabolites. These results demonstrated pharmacological evidence for the anti-inflammatory effect of grapefruit essential oil, suggesting a potential application of grapefruit essential oil as cosmetic raw materials for repair and alleviating of skin inflammation caused by S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Heran Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Jinglin Hua
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Ziying Zhu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China.,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China.,BTBU-TANGYI Innovation Center for The Evaluation of The Safety and Efficacy of Bioengineering Raw Materials, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
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Parichanon P, Promwee A, Songsamoe S, Matan N. The effect of lime oil emulsion on seed germination, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of hydroponic baby green oak lettuce for the assurance of safety from farm to fork. J Food Saf 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prangthip Parichanon
- School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University Nakhon Si Thammarat Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Innovation of Essential Oil, Walailak University Nakhon Si Thammarat Thailand
| | - Athakorn Promwee
- School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University Nakhon Si Thammarat Thailand
| | - Sumethee Songsamoe
- School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University Nakhon Si Thammarat Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Innovation of Essential Oil, Walailak University Nakhon Si Thammarat Thailand
| | - Narumol Matan
- School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University Nakhon Si Thammarat Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Innovation of Essential Oil, Walailak University Nakhon Si Thammarat Thailand
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Wu K, Jin R, Bao X, Yu G, Yi F. Potential roles of essential oils from the flower, fruit and leaf of Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis in preventing spoilage of Chinese steamed bread. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chebet ON, Omosa LK, Subramanian S, Nchiozem-Ngnitedem VA, Mmari JO, Akutse KS. Mechanism of Action of Endophytic Fungi Hypocrea lixii and Beauveria bassiana in Phaseolus vulgaris as Biopesticides against Pea Leafminer and Fall Armyworm. Molecules 2021; 26:5694. [PMID: 34577165 PMCID: PMC8471441 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungal isolates Hypocrea lixii F3ST1 and Beauveria bassiana G1LU3 were evaluated for their potential to endophytically colonize and induce active compounds in Phaseolus vulgaris, as a defense mechanism against pea leafminer (Liriomyza huidobrensis) and fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). Endophytic colonization was achieved through seed inoculation with the volatile emissions from P. vulgaris plants being analyzed using GC-MS. The crude extracts of P. vulgaris obtained using methanol and dichloromethane were assayed against leafminer and fall armyworm larvae using leaf dipping and topical application, respectively. The two isolates successfully colonized the entire host plant (roots, stems, and leaves) with significant variation (p < 0.001) between fungal isolates and the controls. The results showed qualitative differences in the volatile profiles between the control plants, endophytically colonized and insect-damaged plants attributed to fungal inoculation and leafminer damage. The crude methanol extracts significantly reduced the percentage pupation of 2nd instar leafminer larvae (p < 0.001) and adult-flies emergence (p < 0.05). The survival of the 1st instar fall armyworm larvae was also significantly reduced (p < 0.001) compared to the controls. This study demonstrated the high potential of endophytic fungi H. lixii and B. bassiana in inducing mainly specific defense compounds in the common bean P. vulgaris that can be used against pea leafminer and fall armyworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Ngeno Chebet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 30197-00100, Kenya; (O.N.C.); (V.-A.N.-N.); (J.O.M.)
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya;
| | - Leonidah Kerubo Omosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 30197-00100, Kenya; (O.N.C.); (V.-A.N.-N.); (J.O.M.)
| | - Sevgan Subramanian
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya;
| | | | - John Onyari Mmari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 30197-00100, Kenya; (O.N.C.); (V.-A.N.-N.); (J.O.M.)
| | - Komivi Senyo Akutse
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya;
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Singh B, Singh JP, Kaur A, Yadav MP. Insights into the chemical composition and bioactivities of citrus peel essential oils. Food Res Int 2021; 143:110231. [PMID: 33992345 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Citrus peel (CP), a by-product of the citrus fruit processing, comprises nearly forty to fifty percent of the fruit portion. Interestingly, the essential oil (EO) is primarily concentrated in the peel portion of the citrus fruit. Extraction of CP essential oil (CPEO) is an effective way of utilizing the citrus fruit processing waste. The CPEO can be more efficiently recovered from CP waste by improving the efficiency of conventional extraction processes. The main components of CPEO include monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and their oxygenated derivatives. Specifically, limonene is the major oil component identified in the peel of different citrus species. The health promoting biological activities of CPEO are functioning as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial and anticancer agents, thereby can be used as a source of functional components and preservatives for the development of nutritionally safe newer food products. This paper provides an in-depth knowledge about the chemical constituents and bioactivities of EOs extracted from peels of different citrus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balwinder Singh
- P.G. Department of Biotechnology, Khalsa College, Amritsar 143002, Punjab, India
| | - Jatinder Pal Singh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Amritpal Kaur
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India.
| | - Madhav P Yadav
- Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA.
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Valorization of Sweet Lime Peel for the Extraction of Essential Oil by Solvent Free Microwave Extraction Enhanced with Ultrasound Pretreatment. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184072. [PMID: 32906576 PMCID: PMC7570843 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils of sweet lime peel, a waste by-product in the juice industry, were extracted using the vacuum assisted solvent free microwave extraction (VASFME) method. The effects of microwave output power (500–1000 W) and extraction time (20–30 min) on the essential oils yield and antimicrobial property were investigated. Optimal conditions were observed at 797.844 W microwave output power and 30 min extraction time. The essential oils yield and antimicrobial property under these conditions were 0.792 ± 0.03% and 18.25 ± 1.45 mm, respectively, which agrees with the predicted values of 0.757% and 16.50 mm. The essential oils were extracted at optimized conditions and analyzed through GCMS for compound identification. A total of 49 compounds were identified, with limonene content (43.47%) being the highest among all sweet lime peel oil compounds. Moreover, the sweet lime peels were subjected to ultrasound pre-treatment before microwave extraction. The ultrasound pre-treatment helped to increase the essential oils yield from 0.84 to 1.06% as the treatment time increased from 30 to 90 min. The increase in yield was 37.66% more compared to VASFME at 90 min treatment time.
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Safdar MN, Kausar T, Jabbar S, Mumtaz A, Ahad K, Saddozai AA. Extraction and quantification of polyphenols from kinnow (Citrus reticulate L.) peel using ultrasound and maceration techniques. J Food Drug Anal 2016; 25:488-500. [PMID: 28911634 PMCID: PMC9328816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
An investigation was carried out to extract polyphenols from the peel of kinnow (Citrus reticulate L.) by maceration and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) techniques. The antioxidant potential of these polyphenols was evaluated using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and superoxide radical scavenging assays; and their antimicrobial activity was assessed against bacterial strains Staphyloccoccus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Salmonella typhimurium. The highest extraction yield was obtained through the solvent ethanol at 80% concentration level, whereas UAE was a more efficient technique and yielded comparatively higher polyphenol contents than maceration. Maximum polyphenols were extracted with 80% methanol [32.48 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g extract] using UAE, whereas minimum phenolics (8.64 mg GAE/g extract) were obtained with 80% ethyl acetate through the maceration technique. Elevated antioxidant activity of kinnow peel extracts was exhibited in three antioxidant assays, where 80% methanolic extracts showed the highest antioxidant activity (27.67 ± 1.11mM/100 g for FRAP) and the highest scavenging activity, 72.83 ± 0.65% and 64.80 ± 0.91% for DPPH and superoxide anion radical assays, respectively. Strong correlations between total polyphenols and antioxidant activity were recorded. Eleven phenolic compounds—including five phenolic acids and six flavonoids—were identified and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. Ferulic acid and hesperidin were the most abundant compounds whereas caffeic acid was the least abundant phenolic compound in kinnow peel extracts. Maximum inhibition zone was recorded against S. aureus (16.00 ± 0.58 mm) whereas minimum inhibition zone was noted against S. typhimurium (9.00 ± 1.16 mm). It was concluded that kinnow mandarin peels, being a potential source of phenolic compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, may be used as an ingredient for the preparation of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad N Safdar
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan; Food Science and Product Development Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Tusneem Kausar
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Saqib Jabbar
- Food Science and Product Development Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amer Mumtaz
- Food Science and Product Development Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Karam Ahad
- Ecotoxicology Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ambreen A Saddozai
- Food Science and Product Development Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Liu X, Jia Y, Hu Y, Xia X, Li Y, Zhou J, Liu Y. Effect of Citrus wilsonii Tanaka extract combined with alginate-calcium coating on quality maintenance of white shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone). Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Evaluation of the effect of high pressure on total phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of citrus peels. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Antibacterial activity of pectic-based edible films incorporated with Mexican lime essential oil. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Matan N, Matan N, Ketsa S. Enhanced inhibition of Aspergillus niger
on sedge (Lepironia articulata
) treated with heat-cured lime oil. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 115:376-81. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Matan
- Food Technology; School of Agricultural Technology; Walailak University; Nakon Si Thammarat Thailand
| | - N. Matan
- Materials Science and Engineering; School of Engineering and Resources; Walailak University; Nakon Si Thammarat Thailand
| | - S. Ketsa
- Department of Horticulture; Faculty of Agriculture; Kasetsart University; Bangkok Thailand
- Academy of Science; The Royal Institute; Bangkok Thailand
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Samarakoon K, Senevirathne M, Lee WW, Kim YT, Kim JI, Oh MC, Jeon YJ. Antibacterial effect of citrus press-cakes dried by high speed and far-infrared radiation drying methods. Nutr Res Pract 2012; 6:187-94. [PMID: 22808341 PMCID: PMC3395782 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2012.6.3.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the antibacterial effect was evaluated to determine the benefits of high speed drying (HSD) and far-infrared radiation drying (FIR) compared to the freeze drying (FD) method. Citrus press-cakes (CPCs) are released as a by-product in the citrus processing industry. Previous studies have shown that the HSD and FIR drying methods are much more economical for drying time and mass drying than those of FD, even though FD is the most qualified drying method. The disk diffusion assay was conducted, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined with methanol extracts of the dried CPCs against 11 fish and five food-related pathogenic bacteria. The disk diffusion results indicated that the CPCs dried by HSD, FIR, and FD prevented growth of all tested bacteria almost identically. The MIC and MBC results showed a range from 0.5-8.0 mg/mL and 1.0-16.0 mg/mL respectively. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that the extracts changed the morphology of the bacteria cell wall, leading to destruction. These results suggest that CPCs dried by HSD and FIR showed strong antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria and are more useful drying methods than that of the classic FD method in CPCs utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpa Samarakoon
- School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, 1 Ara-dong, Jeju-si, Jeju 690-756, Korea
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Rammanee K, Hongpattarakere T. Effects of Tropical Citrus Essential Oils on Growth, Aflatoxin Production, and Ultrastructure Alterations of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-010-0507-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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