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Ndlovu S, Kumar A. Precious Metal Recovery from Wastewater Using Bio-Based Techniques. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38877308 DOI: 10.1007/10_2024_257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The recovery of metals from waste material has been on the increase in the past few years due to a number of reasons such as supporting the diversification of metal supply resources. In addition, the alternative use of the waste material for metal recovery can add to the main production line, boosting production throughput and profitability thus, allowing companies to sustain their activities during times of low commodity prices. While there has been a lot of research and interest in the recovery of precious metals such as platinum group metals (PGMs), Au, and Ag from solid waste material, there has been limited focus on the recovery of these value metals from wastewater. This is mostly related to challenges associated with finding cost-effective technologies that can recover these metals from solutions of low metal concentrations. In recent years, bio-based technologies have, however, become established as potential alternatives to traditional techniques in the treatment of wastewater due to their ability to recover metals from solutions of low concentrations. While wastewater might be characterized by some significant value metal content, it also contains other components that have potential economic value if recovered or converted to by-products. Such an approach may not only provide an opportunity for extraction of metal resources from wastewater but also contributes toward the circular economy. This chapter presents insights into precious metal recovery from wastewater using bio-based technologies, compares such an approach to the traditional techniques, explores the recovery of other value-added products and finally considers some of the challenges associated with the large-scale application of the bio-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehliselo Ndlovu
- School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Anil Kumar
- School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Yang J, Liang T, Pan B, Xu X, Guo Y, Shi W, Long Q, Deng J, Yao Q, Wang Z. A spherical adsorbent produced from a bagasse biochar chitosan assembly for selective adsorption of platinum-group metals from wastewater. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131142. [PMID: 38537846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
This study addresses the challenge of platinum-group metal scarcity by exploring the adsorption of these metals from industrial wastewater. An inexpensive adsorbent with selective platinum-group metal adsorption capacity, named chitosan/citric acid@diatomaceous earth-sugarcane bagasse (CTS/CA@DE-SBS), was newly synthesized. The material features a double coating of chitosan and diatomite on bagasse biochar, and it exhibits an excellent adsorption performance for platinum-group metals due to the synergistic effects of the biochar and chitosan-diatomaceous earth intercross-linked coatings. CTS/CA@DE-SBS achieved an 81 % adsorption efficiency and a static saturated adsorption capacity of 217 mg/g for Pt (IV) in water. Notably, the material exhibited selective adsorption properties for platinum-group metals dissolved in diverse aqueous solutions. The potential for the secondary recovery of platinum-group metals in complex aqueous bodies further underscores the significance of this adsorbent. In conclusion, this research introduces a promising solution for platinum-group metal shortages, offering a cost-effective and selective adsorbent with potential applications in the secondary recovery of these metals from industrial wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials & Engineering Research Center of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Tongying Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials & Engineering Research Center of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Baiyang Pan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials & Engineering Research Center of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Xiaoxi Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials & Engineering Research Center of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Yuyang Guo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials & Engineering Research Center of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Wenya Shi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials & Engineering Research Center of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Qianxin Long
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials & Engineering Research Center of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China.
| | - Jianqiu Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials & Engineering Research Center of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Qingrong Yao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials & Engineering Research Center of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Zhongmin Wang
- Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530000, PR China
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Umar A, Mubeen M, Ali I, Iftikhar Y, Sohail MA, Sajid A, Kumar A, Solanki MK, Kumar Divvela P, Zhou L. Harnessing fungal bio-electricity: a promising path to a cleaner environment. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1291904. [PMID: 38352061 PMCID: PMC10861785 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1291904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Integrating fungi into fuel cell systems presents a promising opportunity to address environmental pollution while simultaneously generating energy. This review explores the innovative concept of constructing wetlands as fuel cells for pollutant degradation, offering a practical and eco-friendly solution to pollution challenges. Fungi possess unique capabilities in producing power, fuel, and electricity through metabolic processes, drawing significant interest for applications in remediation and degradation. Limited data exist on fungi's ability to generate electricity during catalytic reactions involving various enzymes, especially while remediating pollutants. Certain species, such as Trametes versicolor, Ganoderma lucidum, Galactomyces reessii, Aspergillus spp., Kluyveromyce smarxianus, and Hansenula anomala, have been reported to generate electricity at 1200 mW/m3, 207 mW/m2, 1,163 mW/m3, 438 mW/m3, 850,000 mW/m3, and 2,900 mW/m3, respectively. Despite the eco-friendly potential compared to conventional methods, fungi's role remains largely unexplored. This review delves into fungi's exceptional potential as fuel cell catalysts, serving as anodic or cathodic agents to mitigate land, air, and water pollutants while simultaneously producing fuel and power. Applications cover a wide range of tasks, and the innovative concept of wetlands designed as fuel cells for pollutant degradation is discussed. Cost-effectiveness may vary depending on specific contexts and applications. Fungal fuel cells (FFCs) offer a versatile and innovative solution to global challenges, addressing the increasing demand for alternative bioenergy production amid population growth and expanding industrial activities. The mechanistic approach of fungal enzymes via microbial combinations and electrochemical fungal systems facilitates the oxidation of organic substrates, oxygen reduction, and ion exchange membrane orchestration of essential reactions. Fungal laccase plays a crucial role in pollutant removal and monitoring environmental contaminants. Fungal consortiums show remarkable potential in fine-tuning FFC performance, impacting both power generation and pollutant degradation. Beyond energy generation, fungal cells effectively remove pollutants. Overall, FFCs present a promising avenue to address energy needs and mitigate pollutants simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Umar
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mustansar Mubeen
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ali
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yasir Iftikhar
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aamir Sohail
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ashara Sajid
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Solanki
- Department of Life Sciences and Biological Sciences, IES University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Plant Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Group, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Wang S, Adekunle A, Raghavan V. Bioelectrochemical systems-based metal removal and recovery from wastewater and polluted soil: Key factors, development, and perspective. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 317:115333. [PMID: 35617867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) are considered efficient and sustainable technologies for bioenergy generation and simultaneously removal/recovery metal (loid)s from soil and wastewater. However, several current challenges of BES-based metal removal and recovery, especially concentrating target metals from complex contaminated wastewater or soil and their economic feasibility of engineering applications. This review summarized the applications of BES-based metal removal and recovery systems from wastewater and contaminated soil and evaluated their performances on electricity generation and metal removal/recovery efficiency. In addition, an in depth review of several key parameters (BES configurations, electrodes, catalysts, metal concentration, pH value, substrate categories, etc.) of BES-based metal removal and recovery was carried out to facilitate a deep understanding of their development and to suggest strategies for scaling up their specific application fields. Finally, the future intervention on multifunctional BES to improve their performances of mental removal and recovery were revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyao Wang
- Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Ademola Adekunle
- National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Avenue Royalmount, Montréal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada.
| | - Vijaya Raghavan
- Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
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Dessie Y, Tadesse S. Advancements in Bioelectricity Generation Through Nanomaterial-Modified Anode Electrodes in Microbial Fuel Cells. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2022.876014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of nanotechnology in bioelectrochemical systems to recover bioelectricity and metals from waste appears to be a potentially appealing alternative to existing established procedures. This trend exactly characterizes the current renewable energy production technology. Hence, this review focuses on the improvement of the anode electrode by using different functional metal oxide-conducting polymer nanocomposites to enhance microbial fuel cell (MFC) performance. Enhancement of interfacial bioelectrocatalysis between electroactive microorganisms and hierarchical porous nanocomposite materials could enhance cost-effective bioanode materials with superior bioelectrocatalytic activity for MFCs. In this review, improvement in efficiency of MFCs by using iron oxide- and manganese oxide-based polypyrrole hybrid composites as model anode modifiers was discussed. The review also extended to discussing and covering the principles, components, power density, current density, and removal efficiencies of biofuel cell systems. In addition, this research review demonstrates the application of MFCs for renewable energy generation, wastewater treatment, and metal recovery. This is due to having their own unique working principle under mild conditions and using renewable biodegradable organic matter as a direct fuel source.
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Wang L, Xu D, Zhang Q, Liu T, Tao Z. Simultaneous removal of heavy metals and bioelectricity generation in microbial fuel cell coupled with constructed wetland: an optimization study on substrate and plant types. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:768-778. [PMID: 34341922 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15688-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A microbial fuel cell coupled with constructed wetland (CW-MFC) was built to remove heavy metals (Zn and Ni) from sludge. The performance for the effects of substrates (granular activated carbon (GAC), ceramsite) and plants (Iris pseudacorus, water hyacinth) towards the heavy metal treatment as well as electricity generation was systematically investigated to determine the optimal constructions of CW-MFCs. The CW-MFC systems possessed higher Zn and Ni removal efficiencies as compared to CW. The maximal removal rates of Zn (76.88%) and Ni (66.02%) were obtained in system CW-MFC based on GAC and water hyacinth (GAC- and WH-CW-MFC). Correspondingly, the system produced the maximum voltage of 534.30 mV and power density of 70.86 mW·m-3, respectively. Plant roots and electrodes contributed supremely to the removal of heavy metals, especially for GAC- and WH-CW-MFC systems. The coincident enrichment rates of Zn and Ni reached 21.10% and 26.04% for plant roots and 14.48% and 16.50% for electrodes, respectively. A majority of the heavy metals on the sludge surface were confirmed as Zn and Ni. Furthermore, the high-valence Zn and Ni were effectively reduced to low-valence or elemental metals. This study provides a theoretical guidance for the optimal construction of CW-MFC and the resource utilization of sludge containing heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Dayong Xu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Qingyun Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.
| | - Tingting Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Zhengkai Tao
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
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Delgado Y, Fernández-Morales FJ, Llanos J. An Old Technique with A Promising Future: Recent Advances in the Use of Electrodeposition for Metal Recovery. Molecules 2021; 26:5525. [PMID: 34576995 PMCID: PMC8465102 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the first published works on electrodeposition dates from more than one century ago (1905), the uses of this technique in the recovery of metals are attracting an increasing interest from the scientific community in the recent years. Moreover, the intense use of metals in electronics and the necessity to assure a second life of these devices in a context of circular economy, have increased the interest of the scientific community on electrodeposition, with almost 3000 works published per year nowadays. In this review, we aim to revise the most relevant and recent publications in the application of electrodeposition for metal recovery. These contributions have been classified into four main groups of approaches: (1) treatment and reuse of wastewater; (2) use of ionic liquids; (3) use of bio-electrochemical processes (microbial fuel cells and microbial electrolysis cells) and (4) integration of electrodeposition with other processes (bioleaching, adsorption, membrane processes, etc.). This would increase the awareness about the importance of the technology and would serve as a starting point for anyone that aims to start working in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Javier Llanos
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (Y.D.); (F.J.F.-M.)
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Outlook on the Role of Microbial Fuel Cells in Remediation of Environmental Pollutants with Electricity Generation. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10080819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide variety of pollutants are discharged into water bodies like lakes, rivers, canal, etc. due to the growing world population, industrial development, depletion of water resources, improper disposal of agricultural and native wastes. Water pollution is becoming a severe problem for the whole world from small villages to big cities. The toxic metals and organic dyes pollutants are considered as significant contaminants that cause severe hazards to human beings and aquatic life. The microbial fuel cell (MFC) is the most promising, eco-friendly, and emerging technique. In this technique, microorganisms play an important role in bioremediation of water pollutants simultaneously generating an electric current. In this review, a new approach based on microbial fuel cells for bioremediation of organic dyes and toxic metals has been summarized. This technique offers an alternative with great potential in the field of wastewater treatment. Finally, their applications are discussed to explore the research gaps for future research direction. From a literature survey of more than 170 recent papers, it is evident that MFCs have demonstrated outstanding removal capabilities for various pollutants.
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Yaqoob AA, Mohamad Ibrahim MN, Rafatullah M, Chua YS, Ahmad A, Umar K. Recent Advances in Anodes for Microbial Fuel Cells: An Overview. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E2078. [PMID: 32369902 PMCID: PMC7254385 DOI: 10.3390/ma13092078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The recycling and treatment of wastewater using microbial fuel cells (MFCs) has been attracting significant attention as a way to control energy crises and water pollution simultaneously. Despite all efforts, MFCs are unable to produce high energy or efficiently treat pollutants due to several issues, one being the anode's material. The anode is one of the most important parts of an MFC. Recently, different types of anode materials have been developed to improve the removal rate of pollutants and the efficiency of energy production. In MFCs, carbon-based materials have been employed as the most commonly preferred anode material. An extensive range of potentials are presently available for use in the fabrication of anode materials and can considerably minimize the current challenges, such as the need for high quality materials and their costs. The fabrication of an anode using biomass waste is an ideal approach to address the present issues and increase the working efficiency of MFCs. Furthermore, the current challenges and future perspectives of anode materials are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Ali Yaqoob
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (A.A.Y.); (Y.S.C.); (K.U.)
| | | | - Mohd Rafatullah
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Yong Shen Chua
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (A.A.Y.); (Y.S.C.); (K.U.)
| | - Akil Ahmad
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Khalid Umar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (A.A.Y.); (Y.S.C.); (K.U.)
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Wu Q, Jiao S, Ma M, Peng S. Microbial fuel cell system: a promising technology for pollutant removal and environmental remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:6749-6764. [PMID: 31956948 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07745-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The microbial fuel cell (MFC) system is a promising environmental remediation technology due to its simple compact design, low cost, and renewable energy producing. MFCs can convert chemical energy from waste matters to electrical energy, which provides a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution for pollutant degradations. In this review, we attempt to gather research progress of MFC technology in pollutant removal and environmental remediation. The main configurations and pollutant removal mechanism by MFCs are introduced. The research progress of MFC systems in pollutant removal and environmental remediation, including wastewater treatment, soil remediation, natural water and groundwater remediation, sludge and solid waste treatment, and greenhouse gas emission control, as well as the application of MFCs in environmental monitoring have been reviewed. Subsequently, the application of MFCs in environmental monitoring and the combination of MFCs with other technologies are described. Finally, the current limitations and potential future research has been demonstrated in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Shipu Jiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Mengxing Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Sen Peng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
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Yu Z, Han H, Feng P, Zhao S, Zhou T, Kakade A, Kulshrestha S, Majeed S, Li X. Recent advances in the recovery of metals from waste through biological processes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 297:122416. [PMID: 31786035 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Wastes containing critical metals are generated in various fields, such as energy and computer manufacturing. Metal-bearing wastes are considered as secondary sources of critical metals. The conventional physicochemical methods of metals recovery are energy-intensive and cause further pollution. Low-cost and eco-friendly technologies including biosorbents, bioelectrochemical systems (BESs), bioleaching, and biomineralization, have become alternatives in the recovery of critical metals. However, a relatively low recovery rate and selectivity severely hinder their large-scale applications. Researchers have expanded their focus to exploit novel strain resources and strategies to improve the biorecovery efficiency. The mechanisms and potential applicability of modified biological techniques for improving the recovery of critical metals need more attention. Hence, this review summarize and compare the strategies that have been developed for critical metals recovery, and provides useful insights for energy-efficient recovery of critical metals in future industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengsheng Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, No. 222 Tianshuinan Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Huawen Han
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, No. 222 Tianshuinan Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengya Feng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, No. 222 Tianshuinan Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, No. 222 Tianshuinan Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tuoyu Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, No. 222 Tianshuinan Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Apurva Kakade
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, No. 222 Tianshuinan Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Saurabh Kulshrestha
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | - Sabahat Majeed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road, Tarlai Kalan Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Xiangkai Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, No. 222 Tianshuinan Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China.
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