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Przybyl J, Bazan-Wozniak A, Poznan F, Nosal-Wiercińska A, Cielecka-Piontek J, Pietrzak R. Removal of Iron and Copper Ions and Phenol from Liquid Phase by Membrane Based on Carbonaceous Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2788. [PMID: 38930158 PMCID: PMC11204783 DOI: 10.3390/ma17122788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The present work reports an effective method for the removal of inorganic and organic pollutants using membranes based on different carbonaceous materials. The membranes were prepared based on cellulose acetate (18 wt. %), polyvinylpyrrolidone as a pore-generating agent (2 wt. %) and activated carbon (1 wt. %). Activated carbons were developed from residues after extraction of the mushroom Inonotus obliguus using microwave radiation. It has been demonstrated that the addition of activated carbon to the membranes resulted in alterations to their physical properties, including porosity, equilibrium water content and permeability. Furthermore, the chemical properties of the membranes were also affected, with changes observed in the content of the surface oxygen group. The addition of carbon material had a positive effect on the removal of copper ions from their aqueous solutions by the cellulose-carbon composites obtained. Moreover, the membranes proved to be more effective in the removal of copper ions than iron ones and phenol. The membranes were found to show higher effectiveness in copper removal from a solution of the initial concentration of 800 mg/L. The most efficient in copper ions removal was the membrane containing urea-enriched activated carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Przybyl
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (J.P.); (A.B.-W.); (F.P.)
| | - Aleksandra Bazan-Wozniak
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (J.P.); (A.B.-W.); (F.P.)
| | - Faustyna Poznan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (J.P.); (A.B.-W.); (F.P.)
| | - Agnieszka Nosal-Wiercińska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Maria Curie-Skłodowska Sq., 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Robert Pietrzak
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (J.P.); (A.B.-W.); (F.P.)
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Ennaceri H, Mkpuma VO, Moheimani NR. Nano-clay modified membranes: A promising green strategy for microalgal antifouling filtration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:166479. [PMID: 37611702 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fouling is a major challenge which limits the sustainable application of membrane filtration-based microalgal harvesting at industrial level. Membrane fouling leads to increased operational and maintenance costs and represents a major obstacle to microalgal downstream processing. Nano-clays are promising naturally occurring nanoparticles in membrane fabrication due to their low-cost, facile preparation, and their superior properties in terms of surface hydrophilicity, mechanical stability, and resistance against chemicals. The membrane surface modification using nano-clays is a sustainable promising approach to improve membranes mechanical properties and their fouling resistance. However, the positive effects of nano-clay particles on membrane fouling are often limited by aggregation and poor adhesion to the base polymeric matrix. This review surveys the recent efforts to achieve anti-fouling behavior using membrane surface modification with nano-clay fillers. Further, strategies to achieve a better incorporation of nano-clay in the polymer matrix of the membrane are summarised, and the factors that govern the membrane fouling, stability, adhesion, agglomeration and leaching are discussed in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Ennaceri
- Algae R&D Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia; Centre for Water Energy and Waste, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia.
| | - Victor Okorie Mkpuma
- Algae R&D Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Navid Reza Moheimani
- Algae R&D Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia; Centre for Water Energy and Waste, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
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Hidayat E, Yoshino T, Yonemura S, Mitoma Y, Harada H. A Carbonized Zeolite/Chitosan Composite as an Adsorbent for Copper (II) and Chromium (VI) Removal from Water. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16062532. [PMID: 36984412 PMCID: PMC10057389 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To address Cu(II) and Cr(VI) water pollution, a carbonized zeolite/chitosan (C-ZLCH) composite adsorbent was produced via pyrolysis at 500 °C for two hours. C-ZLCH was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential measurements. The batch experiments were performed by varying the initial pH, concentration, and contact time. The optimal pH values for Cu(II) and Cr(VI) were 8.1 and 9.6, respectively. The highest adsorption capacities for Cu(II) and Cr(VI) were 111.35 mg/g at 60 min and 104.75 mg/g at 90 min, respectively. The effects of chemicals such as sodium (Na+), glucose, ammonium (NH4+), and acid red 88 (AR88) were also studied. Statistical analysis showed that sodium had no significant effect on Cu(II) removal, in contrast to Cr(VI) removal. However, there was a significant effect of the presence of glucose, ammonium, and AR88 on both Cu(II) and Cr(VI) removal. The adsorption isotherm and kinetic models were fitted using Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models for Cu(II) and Cr(VI), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endar Hidayat
- Graduate School of Comprehensive and Scientific Research, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara 727-0023, Japan; (E.H.); (T.Y.); (S.Y.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara 727-0023, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yoshino
- Graduate School of Comprehensive and Scientific Research, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara 727-0023, Japan; (E.H.); (T.Y.); (S.Y.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara 727-0023, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Yonemura
- Graduate School of Comprehensive and Scientific Research, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara 727-0023, Japan; (E.H.); (T.Y.); (S.Y.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara 727-0023, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Mitoma
- Graduate School of Comprehensive and Scientific Research, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara 727-0023, Japan; (E.H.); (T.Y.); (S.Y.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara 727-0023, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Harada
- Graduate School of Comprehensive and Scientific Research, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara 727-0023, Japan; (E.H.); (T.Y.); (S.Y.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara 727-0023, Japan
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Andriayani, Marpongahtun, Muis Y, Pakpahan J, Daulay A. Stability of mesoporous silica using ricinoleic methyl ester as a template with the addition of HCl and application of Cd 2+ adsorption optimized by Box-Behnken design. RSC Adv 2023; 13:7329-7338. [PMID: 36891488 PMCID: PMC9987514 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06973c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesoporous silica is restricted to organic solvents or other acidic media. The application of mesoporous silica depends on the medium's chemical stability and mechanical properties. It is necessary to stabilize the mesoporous silica material under acidic conditions. The results of the nitrogen adsorption characterization show that MS-50 has a large surface area and porosity, resulting in good mesoporous silica. Using variance analysis (ANOVA) to compare the collected data, the best conditions were found at a pH of 6.32, a Cd2+ concentration of 25.30 ppm, an adsorbent dose of 0.06 g, and a time of 70.44 min. The Cd2+ adsorption experiment data best fit the Langmuir isotherm model with the maximum amount of Cd2+ that MS-50 could absorb being 103.10 mg g-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriayani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara Jl. Bioteknologi No. 1 Medan 20155 Indonesia
| | - Marpongahtun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara Jl. Bioteknologi No. 1 Medan 20155 Indonesia
| | - Yugia Muis
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara Jl. Bioteknologi No. 1 Medan 20155 Indonesia
| | - Jessica Pakpahan
- Graduate School, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara Jl. Bioteknologi No. 1 Medan 20155 Indonesia
| | - Amru Daulay
- Postgraduate School, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara Jl. Bioteknologi No. 1 Medan 20155 Indonesia
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Advanced Polymeric Nanocomposite Membranes for Water and Wastewater Treatment: A Comprehensive Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030540. [PMID: 36771842 PMCID: PMC9920371 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials have been extensively used in polymer nanocomposite membranes due to the inclusion of unique features that enhance water and wastewater treatment performance. Compared to the pristine membranes, the incorporation of nanomodifiers not only improves membrane performance (water permeability, salt rejection, contaminant removal, selectivity), but also the intrinsic properties (hydrophilicity, porosity, antifouling properties, antimicrobial properties, mechanical, thermal, and chemical stability) of these membranes. This review focuses on applications of different types of nanomaterials: zero-dimensional (metal/metal oxide nanoparticles), one-dimensional (carbon nanotubes), two-dimensional (graphene and associated structures), and three-dimensional (zeolites and associated frameworks) nanomaterials combined with polymers towards novel polymeric nanocomposites for water and wastewater treatment applications. This review will show that combinations of nanomaterials and polymers impart enhanced features into the pristine membrane; however, the underlying issues associated with the modification processes and environmental impact of these membranes are less obvious. This review also highlights the utility of computational methods toward understanding the structural and functional properties of the membranes. Here, we highlight the fabrication methods, advantages, challenges, environmental impact, and future scope of these advanced polymeric nanocomposite membrane based systems for water and wastewater treatment applications.
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Li M, Luo J, Lu J, Shang W, Mu J, Sun F, Dong Z, Li X. A novel nanofibrous PAN ultrafiltration membrane embedded with ZIF-8 nanoparticles for effective removal of Congo red, Pb(II), and Cu(II) in industrial wastewater treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 304:135285. [PMID: 35714956 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite membrane involving ZIF-8 nanoparticles, named as ZIF-8/PAN membrane, was obtained via electrospinning to remove the Congo red (CR), Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions in industrial wastewaters, during which the adsorption mechanisms were examined in this study. The adsorption efficiency of the electrospun ZIF-8/PAN membrane was as high as 89%, 92% and 76% for CR, Pb(II) and Cu(II), respectively. Comparative analysis showed that ZIF-8 nanoparticles embedded in the ZIF-8/PAN membrane accounted for these enhanced adsorption capabilities. The adsorption behaviors of the ZIF-8 nanoparticles were investigated through experiments and theoretical analysis, and the results unraveled that the adsorption for CR by the ZIF-8 was mainly including electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding and π-π interaction, while those for Pb(II) and Cu(II) were mainly caused by ion-exchange and chemical adsorption. Parametric studies were conducted to optimize the conditions for removing CR, Pb(II), and Cu(II) by ZIF-8 nanoparticles, during which all of pollutants showed different reactions to the solution pH. This work not only develops a novel ZIF-8/PAN composite membrane for effective removals of pollutants, but also reveals the underlying mechanisms of pollutants adsorption in terms of molecular interactions, providing important understandings on fibrous materials design for efficient heavy metals and dyes removals in industrial wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Li
- Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingwen Luo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jianjiang Lu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wentao Shang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiale Mu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Feiyun Sun
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Zijun Dong
- School of Civil and Traffic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
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Al-Shaeli M, Al-Juboori RA, Al Aani S, Ladewig BP, Hilal N. Natural and recycled materials for sustainable membrane modification: Recent trends and prospects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156014. [PMID: 35584751 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite water being critical for human survival, its uneven distribution, and exposure to countless sources of pollution make water shortages increasingly urgent. Membrane technology offers an efficient solution for alleviating the water shortage impact. The selectivity and permeability of membranes can be improved by incorporating additives of different nature and size scales. However, with the vast debate about the environmental and economic feasibility of the common nanoscale materials in water treatment applications, we can infer that there is a long way before the first industrial nanocomposite membrane is commercialized. This stumbling block has motivated the scientific community to search for alternative modification routes and/or materials with sustainable features. Herein, we present a pragmatic review merging the concept of sustainability, nanotechnology, and membrane technology through the application of natural additives (e.g., Clays, Arabic Gum, zeolite, lignin, Aquaporin), recycled additives (e.g., Biochar, fly ash), and recycled waste (e.g., Polyethylene Terephthalate, recycled polystyrene) for polymeric membrane synthesis and modification. Imparted features on polymeric membranes, induced by the presence of sustainable natural and waste-based materials, are scrutinized. In addition, the strategies harnessed to eliminate the hurdles associated with the application of these nano and micro size additives for composite membranes modification are elaborated. The expanding research efforts devoted recently to membrane sustainability and the prospects for these materials are discussed. The findings of the investigations reported in this work indicate that the application of natural and waste-based additives for composite membrane fabrication/modification is a nascent research area that deserves the attention of both research and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muayad Al-Shaeli
- Institute for Micro Process Engineering (IMVT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Raed A Al-Juboori
- Water and Environmental Engineering Research Group, Department of Built Environment, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15200, Aalto, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Saif Al Aani
- The State Company of Energy Production - Middle Region, Ministry of Electricity, Iraq
| | - Bradley P Ladewig
- Institute for Micro Process Engineering (IMVT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 2, avenue de l'Université, 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Nidal Hilal
- NYUAD Water Research Center, New York University-Abu Dhabi Campus, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Efficient Removal of Dyes from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption on L-Arginine-Modified Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10061079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of mesoporous silica modified with L-arginine (Ar-MSNPs) for the removal of ionic dyes from aqueous solutions has been investigated. Several analytical techniques have been used to determine the characteristics of nanoadsorbents. The removal of crystal violet and fluorescein was performed using the batch method to investigate the effects of cultivation pH, initial concentrations of dyes, and exposure time on adsorption efficiency. The optimum adsorption of fluorescein was achieved at pH 2, whereas the optimum adsorption of crystal violet was achieved at pH 13. The equilibrium was established in both systems at 20 min at low concentrations, and approximately 30 min at high concentrations. The equilibrium adsorption data was analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The correlation coefficient (R2) values of the isotherms presented the best fit with the Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption kinetic data was fitted with the pseudo second-order model for both systems.
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Mamah SC, Goh PS, Ismail AF, Yogarathinam LT, Suzaimi ND, Opia AC, Ojo S, Ngwana NE. Bio‐polymer modified nanoclay embedded forward osmosis membranes with enhanced desalination performance. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Chinedu Mamah
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre School of Chemical and Energy Engineering Skudai Malaysia
- Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai Malaysia
- Department of Chemical Engineering Alex Ekwueme Federal University Achoro‐Ndiagu Nigeria
| | - Pei Sean Goh
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre School of Chemical and Energy Engineering Skudai Malaysia
- Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre School of Chemical and Energy Engineering Skudai Malaysia
- Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai Malaysia
| | - Lukka Thuyavan Yogarathinam
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre School of Chemical and Energy Engineering Skudai Malaysia
- Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai Malaysia
| | - Nur Diyana Suzaimi
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre School of Chemical and Energy Engineering Skudai Malaysia
- Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai Malaysia
| | | | - Samuel Ojo
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre School of Chemical and Energy Engineering Skudai Malaysia
- Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai Malaysia
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Mulungulungu GA, Mao T, Han K. Efficient removal of high-concentration copper ions from wastewater via 2D g-C3N4 photocatalytic membrane filtration. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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11
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Zeolite–polysulfone-based adsorptive membrane for removal of metal pollutants. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01668-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Abba MU, Man HC, Azis RS, Isma Idris A, Hazwan Hamzah M, Yunos KF, Katibi KK. Novel PVDF-PVP Hollow Fiber Membrane Augmented with TiO 2 Nanoparticles: Preparation, Characterization and Application for Copper Removal from Leachate. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11020399. [PMID: 33557323 PMCID: PMC7915492 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
High proportion of copper has become a global challenge owing to its negative impact on the environment and public health complications. The present study focuses on the fabrication of a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) fiber membrane incorporated with varying loading (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 wt%) of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles via phase inversion technique to achieve hydrophilicity along with high selectivity for copper removal. The developed fibers were characterized based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), permeability, porosity, zeta potential, and contact angle. The improved membrane (with 1.0 wt% TiO2) concentration recorded the maximum flux (223 L/m2·h) and copper rejection (98.18%). Similarly, 1.0 wt% concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles made the membrane matrix more hydrophilic with the least contact angle of 50.01°. The maximum copper adsorption capacity of 69.68 mg/g was attained at 1.0 wt% TiO2 concentration. The experimental data of adsorption capacity were best fitted to the Freundlich isotherm model with R2 value of 0.99573. The hybrid membrane developed in this study has considerably eliminated copper from leachate and the concentration of copper in the permeate was substantially reduced to 0.044 mg/L, which is below standard discharge threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Umar Abba
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.U.A.); (M.H.H.); (K.K.K.)
- Department of Agricultural and Bioenvironmental Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Mubi, Mubi 650221, Nigeria
| | - Hasfalina Che Man
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.U.A.); (M.H.H.); (K.K.K.)
- Smart Farming Technology Research Centre, Level 6, Blok Menara, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-3-97694340
| | - Raba’ah Syahidah Azis
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory (MSCL), Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aida Isma Idris
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Segi Universiti Malaysia, Petaling Jaya 47810, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Muhammad Hazwan Hamzah
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.U.A.); (M.H.H.); (K.K.K.)
- Smart Farming Technology Research Centre, Level 6, Blok Menara, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khairul Faezah Yunos
- Department of Food and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Kamil Kayode Katibi
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.U.A.); (M.H.H.); (K.K.K.)
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Kwara State University, Malete, Ilorin 23431, Nigeria
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