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Dean AC, Randle EH, Lacey AJD, Marczak Giorio GA, Doobary S, Cons BD, Lennox AJJ. Alkene 1,3-Difluorination via Transient Oxonium Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404666. [PMID: 38695434 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The 1,3-difunctionalization of unactivated alkenes is an under-explored transformation that leads to moieties that are otherwise challenging to prepare. Herein, we report a hypervalent iodine-mediated 1,3-difluorination of homoallylic (aryl) ethers to give unreported 1,3-difluoro-4-oxy groups with moderate to excellent diastereoselectivity. The transformation proceeds through a different mode of reactivity for 1,3-difunctionalization, in which a regioselective addition of fluoride opens a transiently formed oxonium intermediate to rearrange an alkyl chain. The optimized protocol is scalable and shown to proceed well with a variety of functional groups and substitution on the alkenyl chain, hence providing ready access to this fluorinated, conformationally controlled moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice C Dean
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - E Harvey Randle
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Andrew J D Lacey
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | | | - Sayad Doobary
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Benjamin D Cons
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, U.K
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Sarkar B, Hajra A. Hydro-phosphorothiolation of Styrene and Cyclopropane with S-Hydrogen Phosphorothioates under Ambient Conditions. Org Lett 2024; 26:5141-5145. [PMID: 38848455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
A metal-free hexafluoroisopropanol-mediated hydro-phosphorothiolation of styrenes and donor-acceptor cyclopropanes with S-hydrogen phosphorothioates in a Markovnikov fashion has been developed under ambient reaction conditions to afford a library of S-alkyl phosphorothioates. Notably, this strategy provides a simple and efficient way to produce biologically significant kitazin and iprobenfos derivatives. Mechanistic studies disclose that the reaction proceeds through a carbocation intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Alakananda Hajra
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan 731235, India
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Bary G, Ahmed W, Ahmad R, Niazai S, Khan I. Novel techniques to analyze dynamical properties of quantum chaos with peculiar evidence of hybrid systems confinement. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11041. [PMID: 38744905 PMCID: PMC11094062 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61588-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent results demonstrate the dynamical peculiarities of the quantum chaos within the hybrid systems by chaotic parameters and probe the pattern formation under the influence of condensation. The complex dynamic behavior of the considered systems was determined with numerical simulation and presented an efficient technique that studied fractional systems comprising chaos-coherence fractions. The findings divulge the peculiar association between the coherence structure and the correlations at finite relative momenta. Thus the present study helps to explore the partially chaos hybrid systems in order to stimulate the experimental applications of nonlinear phenomena. The coherent-chaotic parameters can be measured by examining the chaos peculiarities that possess explicit relations with the condensations to demonstrate the environs of the physical systems. We investigate the influence of the multiplicities, chaos, momentum and temperature of the nonlinear system on the coherent-chaotic normalized correlations. The chaotic parameters are suppressed considerably with the coherence fraction and it appears numerically zero at maximum condensation and one at ideal chaos emissions. We procure that the meaningful parameters decrease significantly with the multiplicity of the nonlinear systems and increase with the momentum in the specified regimes. The identical multiplicity leads to contemplating the coherence and thus the normalized chaotic parameters within its spectacular influences exhibit significance worth contemplating in earnest. The findings underscore the significance of cogitating correlations in deciphering the nonlinear system characteristics and bestowing extraordinary perceptiveness into the convoluted essence of complex systems. The contemplated methodology can be applied to evaluating and analyzing the nonlinear systems and such an innovative approach computes the problems of celestial mechanics, heartbeats and chemical reactions in engineering and medical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Bary
- Faculty of Science, Yibin University, Yibin, 644000, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Computational Physics of Sichuan Province, Yibin University, Yibin, 644000, China.
| | - Waqar Ahmed
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 155-88, South Korea
| | - Riaz Ahmad
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Shafiullah Niazai
- Department of Mathematics, Education Faculty, Laghman University, Mehtarlam City, Laghman, 2701, Afghanistan.
| | - Ilyas Khan
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Mathematics, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
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Kim MJ, Targos K, Holst DE, Wang DJ, Wickens ZK. Alkene Thianthrenation Unlocks Diverse Cation Synthons: Recent Progress and New Opportunities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314904. [PMID: 38329158 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative alkene functionalization reactions are a fundamental class of complexity-building organic transformations. However, the majority of established approaches rely on electrophilic reagents that limit the diversity of groups that can be installed. Recent advances have established a new approach that instead relies on the transformation of alkenes into thianthrene-derived cationic electrophiles. These linchpin intermediates can be generated selectively and undergo a diverse array of mechanistically distinct reactions with abundant nucleophiles. Taken together, this unlocks a suite of net oxidative alkene transformations that have been elusive using conventional strategies. This Minireview describes these advances and is organized around the three distinct synthons formally accessible from alkenes via thianthrenation: 1) alkenyl cations; 2) vicinal dications; 3) allyl cations. Throughout the Minireview, we illustrate how thianthrenium salts address key limitations endemic to classic alkene-derived electrophiles and highlight the mechanistic origins of these distinctions wherever possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Karina Targos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Dylan E Holst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Diana J Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Zachary K Wickens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Holst DE, Dorval C, Winter CK, Guzei IA, Wickens ZK. Regiospecific Alkene Aminofunctionalization via an Electrogenerated Dielectrophile. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37023348 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Modular strategies to rapidly increase molecular complexity have proven immensely synthetically valuable. In principle, transformation of an alkene into a dielectrophile presents an opportunity to deliver two unique nucleophiles across an alkene. Unfortunately, the selectivity profiles of known dielectrophiles have largely precluded this deceptively simple synthetic approach. Herein, we demonstrate that dicationic adducts generated through electrolysis of alkenes and thianthrene possess a unique selectivity profile relative to more conventional dielectrophiles. Specifically, these species undergo a single and perfectly regioselective substitution reaction with phthalimide salts. This observation unlocks an appealing new platform for aminofunctionalization reactions. As an illustrative example, we implement this new reactivity paradigm to address a longstanding synthetic challenge: alkene diamination with two distinct nitrogen nucleophiles. Studies into the mechanism of this process reveal a key alkenyl thianthrenium salt intermediate that controls the exquisite regioselectivity of the process and highlight the importance of proton sources in controlling the reactivity of alkenyl sulfonium salt electrophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan E Holst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Céline Dorval
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Casey K Winter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ilia A Guzei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Zachary K Wickens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Hu L, Liu Y, Fang X, zheng Y, Liao RZ, Li M, Xie Y. An Intermolecular Hydroarylation of Highly Deactivated Styrenes Catalyzed by Re 2O 7/HReO 4 in Hexafluoroisopropanol. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica; Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education; Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yibing Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica; Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education; Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiong Fang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica; Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education; Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yuzhu zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica; Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education; Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Rong-zhen Liao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica; Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education; Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Man Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica; Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education; Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Youwei Xie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica; Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education; Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
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Nanda SK, Mallik R. Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Carboamination of Alkenes and Allenes: Recent Progress. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Nanda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Science Centurion University of Technology and Management Paralakhemundi Odisha 761211 India
| | - Rosy Mallik
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Science Centurion University of Technology and Management Paralakhemundi Odisha 761211 India
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Synthesis, characterization and catalytic evaluation of ZrCl4:Mg(ClO4)2 for the synthesis of 1,3-diaryl-3-(phenylthio)propan-1-one. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2021.101359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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