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Rao H, Maurya A, Kumar Raidas H, Koram B, Kumar Goswami R, Singh Rajpoot V, Khute S, Subash P, Chandra Mandal S, Saha S, Rao Kareti S. In Silico Exploration of Potential Phytoconstituents from the Bark Extract of Boswellia serrata for Hemorrhoidal Disease: Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Analysis. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301416. [PMID: 38078787 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Boswellia serrata Roxb. Ex Colebr is a popular medicinal plant used traditionally in herbal medicinal preparations to treat a variety of diseases. The purpose of the present investigation was to investigate the anti-hemorrhoidal property of the bark extract of B. serrata (BS). For this, the sequential Soxhlet extraction method was carried out by using different solvents such as hexane, chloroform, and methanol. After the extraction, the obtained dry extracts were tested for quantitative determinations such as total alkaloid content (TAC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenol content (TPC), and total tannin content (TTC) for all the extracts. Moreover, in vitro antioxidant activity was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and scavenging activity against 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS). Methanolic bark extract showed the highest TPC (67.10±1.83), TFC (372.73±4.45), TAC (9.732±1.06), and TTC (48.932±1.82), as well as the antioxidant assays DPPH (IC50=9.88 μg/ml) and ABTS (IC50=15.09 μg/ml). In this study, both LC-MS and GC-MS were performed to identify the chemical composition of all the extracts. Consequently, 19 compounds were identified by GC-MS and 27 compounds were identified by LC-MS analysis. The identified phytoconstituent(s) that could potentially interact with the target protein cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) (PDB: 4RRW) using molecular dynamics simulation and in silico docking were studied. Three compounds that have passed in drug-likeness and ADME-Tox properties are having more docking score than the standard. In this study, camptothecin, justicidin B, and taxiphyllin are identified as potential lead compounds with anti-hemorrhoidal properties and may be helpful in the process of drug development and discovery of novel drugs. Hence, these results demonstrate that BS is a good source of pharmacologically active components with potential applications against hemorrhoidal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshawardhan Rao
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, 484887, Amarkantak, Anuppur District, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Aryan Maurya
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, 484887, Amarkantak, Anuppur District, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Hemant Kumar Raidas
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, 484887, Amarkantak, Anuppur District, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Bholeshankar Koram
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, 484887, Amarkantak, Anuppur District, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rohit Kumar Goswami
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, 484887, Amarkantak, Anuppur District, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Singh Rajpoot
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, 484887, Amarkantak, Anuppur District, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sulekha Khute
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, 492010, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Paranthaman Subash
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Sri Shanmugha College of Pharmacy, 637304, Sankari, Salem District, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Subhash Chandra Mandal
- Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy Research Laboratory, Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Jadavpur University, 700032, Kolkata, India
| | - Subham Saha
- Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy Research Laboratory, Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Jadavpur University, 700032, Kolkata, India
| | - Srinivasa Rao Kareti
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, 484887, Amarkantak, Anuppur District, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Kipkemoi DJ, Ireri AM, Ngugi MP. Cognition Enhancing Potential of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Amaranthus dubius in Mice. J Evid Based Integr Med 2023; 28:2515690X231211661. [PMID: 37960857 PMCID: PMC10644747 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x231211661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Amaranthus dubius is a vegetable consumed for its nutritional content in Kenya. In herbal medicine, A. dubius is utilized to relief fever, anemia and hemorrhage. Additionally, it is utilized to manage cognitive dysfunction and is considered to augment brain function, but there is no empirical evidence to support this claim. The contemporary study investigated cognitive enhancing potential of A. dubius in mice model of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like dementia induced with ketamine. Cognitively damaged mice were treated with aqueous extract of A. dubius leaf upon which passive avoidance task (PAT) was used to assess the cognitive performance. At the end of passive avoidance test, brains of the mice were dissected to evaluate the possibility of the extract to inhibit hallmarks that propagate AD namely oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase activity. Additionally, characterization of secondary metabolites was done using liquid chromatograph- mass spectrometry analysis. During PAT test, extract-treated mice showed significantly increased step-through latencies than AD mice, depicting ability of A. dubius to reverse ketamine-induced cognitive decline. Further, the extract remarkably lowered malondialdehyde levels to normal levels and effectively inhibited acetylcholinesterase enzyme. The study showed that A. dubius extract is endowed with phytoconstituents that possess anti-oxidant and anticholinesterase activities. Thus, this study confirmed promising therapeutic effects of 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg bw of A. dubius extract with potential to alleviate cognitive disarray observed in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Jepkosgei Kipkemoi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Anthony Murithi Ireri
- Department of Educational Psychology, School of Education, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mathew Piero Ngugi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
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