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Dasmahapatra U, Maiti B, Alam MM, Chanda K. Anti-cancer property and DNA binding interaction of first row transition metal complexes: A decade update. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 275:116603. [PMID: 38936150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Metal ions carry out a wide variety of functions, including acid-base/redox catalysis, structural functions, signaling, and electron transport. Understanding the interactions of transition metal complexes with biomacromolecules is essential for biology, medicinal chemistry, and the production of synthetic metalloenzymes. After the coincidental discovery of cisplatin, importance of the metal complexes in biochemistry became a top priority for inquiry. In this review, a decade update on various synthetic strategies to first row transition metal complex and their interaction with DNA through non-covalent binding are explored. Moreover, this effort provides an excellent analysis on the efficacy of theoretical and practical approaches to the systematic generation of new non-platinum based metallodrugs for anti-cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upala Dasmahapatra
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Barnali Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India.
| | - Mohammed Mujahid Alam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kaushik Chanda
- Department of Chemistry, Rabindranath Tagore University, Hojai, Assam, 782435, India.
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2
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Arshad N, Shakeel M, Javed A, Perveen F, Saeed A, Ahmed A, Ismail H, Channar PA, Naseer F. Exploration of newly synthesized amantadine-thiourea conjugates for their DNA binding, anti-elastase, and anti-glioma potentials. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130231. [PMID: 38368975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Three newly synthesized amantadine thiourea conjugates namely MS-1 N-(((3 s,5 s,7 s)-adamantan-1-yl)carbamothioyl)benzamide, MS-2 N-(((3 s,5 s,7 s)-adamantan-1-yl)carbamothioyl)-4-methylbenzamide and MS-3 N-((3 s,5 s,7 s)-adamantan-1-ylcarbamothioyl)-4-chlorobenzamide were investigated for their structures, bindings (DNA/ elastase), and for their impact on healthy and cancerous cells. Theoretical (DFT/docking) and experimental {UV-visible (UV-), fluorescence (Flu-), and cyclic voltammetry (CV)} studies indicated binding interactions of each conjugate with DNA and elastase enzyme. Theoretically and experimentally calculated binding parameters for conjugate - DNA interaction revealed MS-3 - DNA to have most significant binding with comparatively greater values of binding parameters {(Kb/M-1: docking, 3.8 × 105; UV-, 5.95 × 103; Flu-,1.55 × 105; CV, 1.52 × 104), (∆G/ kJmol-1: docking, -32.09; UV-, -22.40; Flu-,-30.81; CV, -24.82)}. The docked structures, greater bindings site size values (n), and the trend in DNA viscosity changes in the presence of each conjugate concentration confirmed a mixed binding mode of interaction among them. Conjugate - elastase binding by docking agreed with the experimental anti-elastase findings. Cytotoxicity studies of each tested conjugate demonstrated greater cytotoxicity for cancerous (MG-U87) cells in comparison to control, while for the normal (HEK-293) cells the cytotoxicity was found comparatively low. Overall exploration suggested that MS-3 is the most effective candidate for DNA binding, anti-elastase, and for anti-glioma activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasima Arshad
- Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Shakeel
- Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Javed
- Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rehman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences & Technology- NUST, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fouzia Perveen
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences & Technology - NUST, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Atteeque Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, 50700 Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Pervaiz Ali Channar
- Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Naseer
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences & Technology - NUST, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
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3
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Sun P, Xu N, Zhang X, Gao YF, Zhang JY, Zhang QM, Liang C, Yu RL, Xia YM, Gao WW. Rational design and synthesis of triazene-amonafide derivatives as novel potential antitumor agents causing oxidative damage towards DNA through intercalation mode. Bioorg Chem 2024; 144:107141. [PMID: 38244381 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we rationally designed and synthesized two novel triazene-amonafide derivatives 2-(2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl)-5-(3,3-dimethyltriaz-1-en-1-yl)-1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione (D-11) and 5-(3,3-diethyltriaz-1-en-1-yl)-2-(2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl)-1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione (D-12) as potential antitumor agents. The DNA damage induced by the intercalation mode of D-11 (D-12) towards DNA was electrochemically detected through the construction of efficient biosensors. The consecutive processes of reversible redox of naphthylimide ring and irreversible oxidation of triazene moiety were elucidated on the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by CV, SWV, and DPV methods. Electrochemical biosensors were obtained through the immobilization of ctDNA, G-quadruplexes, poly(dG), and poly(dA), respectively, on the clean surface of GCE. After the incubation of biosensors with D-11 or D-12, the peaks of dGuo and dAdo decreased prominently, and the peak of 8-oxoGua appeared at +0.50 V, suggesting that the interaction between D-11 (D-12) and DNA could result in the oxidative damage of guanine. Unexpected, the as-prepared DNA biosensor possessed satisfactory anti-interference property and good practicability in real samples. UV-vis and fluorescence spectra, and gel electrophoresis assays were employed to further confirm the intercalation mode of D-11 (D-12) towards DNA base pairs. Moreover, D-11 was proved to exhibit stronger anti-proliferation activity than mitionafide and amonafide against both A549 and HeLa cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Sun
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Xu
- Yantai Fushan District People's Hospital, Yantai 265599, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Liang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Ri-Lei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Mu Xia
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei-Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Cao S, Wang A, Li K, Lin Z, Yang H, Zhang X, Qiu J, Tai X. A novel tetranuclear Cu(ii) complex for DNA-binding and in vitro anticancer activity. RSC Adv 2023; 13:26324-26329. [PMID: 37671352 PMCID: PMC10476018 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03624c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel tetranuclear Cu(ii) complex (TNC) was successfully synthesized and characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The interaction of the complex with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) has been studied by UV-vis absorption titration, fluorescence technology and molecular docking. The results indicated that TNC could bind to the DNA through an intercalative mode. The agarose gel electrophoresis experiment showed that TNC could cleave supercoiled plasmid DNA into linear DNA. The anticancer activity of TNC was tested on four cancer cell lines: MCF7, A549, 4T1 and HepG2. The results indicated that TNC shown significant activity against all of above cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Cao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Weifang University No. 5147 Dongfeng Street Weifang 261061 P. R. China
| | - Anlin Wang
- Affiliated Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University No. 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu, Chaoyang District Beijing 100020 P. R. China
| | - Kaoxue Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Weifang University No. 5147 Dongfeng Street Weifang 261061 P. R. China
| | - Zhiteng Lin
- College of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Weifang University No. 5147 Dongfeng Street Weifang 261061 P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Weifang University No. 5147 Dongfeng Street Weifang 261061 P. R. China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Weifang University No. 5147 Dongfeng Street Weifang 261061 P. R. China
| | - Jianmei Qiu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Weifang University No. 5147 Dongfeng Street Weifang 261061 P. R. China
| | - Xishi Tai
- College of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Weifang University No. 5147 Dongfeng Street Weifang 261061 P. R. China
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5
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Wani TA, Zargar S. Molecular Spectroscopy Evidence of 1,3,5-Tris(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene Binding to DNA: Anticancer Potential along with the Comparative Binding Profile of Intercalation via Modeling Studies. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081120. [PMID: 37190029 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
One of medicinal chemistry's top priorities is the discovery of new molecules with anticancer potential. Compounds that interact with DNA are an intriguing family of chemotherapeutic medications used to treat cancer. Studies in this area have uncovered a plethora of potential anticancer medicines, such as groove binding, alkylating, and intercalator compounds. The anticancer activity of DNA intercalators (molecules that intercalate between DNA base pairs) has drawn special interest. The current study investigated the promising anticancer drug 1,3,5-Tris(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene (H3BTB) against breast and cervical cancer cell lines. In addition, 1,3,5-Tris(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene binds to DNA by groove binding. The binding of H3BTB to DNA was found to be significant which unwinds the DNA helix. Considerable electrostatic and non-electrostatic contributions were present in the binding's free energy. The cytotoxic potential of H3BTB is effectively demonstrated by the computational study outcomes, which include molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The minor groove binding for the H3BTB-DNA complex is supported by molecular docking research. This study will promote empirical investigation into the synthesis of metallic and non-metallic H3BTB derivatives and their potential use as bioactive molecules for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer A Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seema Zargar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Arshad N, Parveen U, Channar PA, Saeed A, Saeed WS, Perveen F, Javed A, Ismail H, Mir MI, Ahmed A, Azad B, Khan I. Investigation of Newly Synthesized Bis-Acyl-Thiourea Derivatives of 4-Nitrobenzene-1,2-Diamine for Their DNA Binding, Urease Inhibition, and Anti-Brain-Tumor Activities. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062707. [PMID: 36985680 PMCID: PMC10051851 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bis-acyl-thiourea derivatives, namely N,N’-(((4-nitro-1,2-phenylene)bis(azanediyl)) bis(carbonothioyl))bis(2,4-dichlorobenzamide) (UP-1), N,N’-(((4-nitro-1,2-phenylene) bis(azanediyl))bis(carbonothioyl))diheptanamide (UP-2), and N,N’-(((4-nitro-1,2-phenylene)bis(azanediyl))bis(carbonothioyl))dibutannamide (UP-3), were synthesized in two steps. The structural characterization of the derivatives was carried out by FTIR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR, and then their DNA binding, anti-urease, and anticancer activities were explored. Both theoretical and experimental results, as obtained by density functional theory, molecular docking, UV-visible spectroscopy, fluorescence (Flu-)spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and viscometry, pointed towards compounds’ interactions with DNA. However, the values of binding constant (Kb), binding site size (n), and negative Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) (as evaluated by docking, UV-vis, Flu-, and CV) indicated that all the derivatives exhibited binding interactions with the DNA in the order UP-3 > UP-2 > UP-1. The experimental findings from spectral and electrochemical analysis complemented each other and supported the theoretical analysis. The lower diffusion coefficient (Do) values, as obtained from CV responses of each compound after DNA addition at various scan rates, further confirmed the formation of a bulky compound–DNA complex that caused slow diffusion. The mixed binding mode of interaction as seen in docking was further verified by changes in DNA viscosity with varying compound concentrations. All compounds showed strong anti-urease activity, whereas UP-1 was found to have comparatively better inhibitory efficiency, with an IC50 value of 1.55 ± 0.0288 µM. The dose-dependent cytotoxicity of the synthesized derivatives against glioblastoma MG-U87 cells (a human brain cancer cell line) followed by HEK-293 cells (a normal human embryonic kidney cell line) indicated that UP-1 and UP-3 have greater cytotoxicity against both cancerous and healthy cell lines at 400 µM. However, dose-dependent responses of UP-2 showed cytotoxicity against cancerous cells, while it showed no cytotoxicity on the healthy cell line at a low concentration range of 40–120 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasima Arshad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (U.P.); (M.I.M.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Uzma Parveen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (U.P.); (M.I.M.)
| | - Pervaiz Ali Channar
- Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 74800, Pakistan;
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (A.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Waseem Sharaf Saeed
- Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fouzia Perveen
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (F.P.); (B.A.)
| | - Aneela Javed
- Healthcare Biotechnology Atta-ur-Rehman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Hammad Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Ismail Mir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (U.P.); (M.I.M.)
| | - Atteeque Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (A.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Basit Azad
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (F.P.); (B.A.)
| | - Ishaq Khan
- Texas A&M Health Science Center, Joe H. Reynolds Medical Build, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
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Guo FF, Li T, Mu XP, Zhang X, Xu ZH, Sun P, Yu RL, Xia YM, Gao WW. Electrochemical detection of the oxidative damage of a potential pyrimido[5,4-g]pteridine-derived antitumor agent toward DNA. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:2249-2260. [PMID: 36920495 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04643-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we design and synthesize 2,2'-(7,9-dimethyl-2,4,6,8-tetraoxo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrimido[5,4-g]pteridine-1,3(2H,4H)-diyl)bis(N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)acetamide) (PT-MCA) as a novel DNA intercalator and potential antitumor agent. Electrochemical analysis reveals the redox process of PT-MCA on the electrode surface. The bioelectrochemical sensors are obtained by modifying the surface of GCE with calf thymus DNA (ctDNA), poly (dG), poly (dA), and G-quadruplex, respectively. The DNA oxidative damage induced by PT-MCA is investigated by comparing the peak intensity change of dGuo and dAdo and monitoring the peaks of the oxidation products of guanine and/or adenine (8-oxoGua and/or 2,8-oxoAde). UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectra and gel electrophoresis are further employed to understand the intercalation of PT-MCA into DNA base pairs. Moreover, PT-MCA is proved to exhibit stronger anti-proliferation activity than mitoxantrone against both 4T1 and B16-F10 cancer cells. At last, the oxidative damage of PT-MCA toward ctDNA is not interfered by the coexistence of ions and also can be detected in real serums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Guo
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Li
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Ping Mu
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Sun
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Ri-Lei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Mu Xia
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei-Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China.
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I.M.H. Abdulrahman Y, Zaki M, Alhaddad MR, Hairat S, Akhtar K. Structural elucidation of new ferrocene appended scaffold and their metal complexes: Comparative in vitroDNA/BSA Binding and antibacterial assay. Inorganica Chim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2023.121398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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9
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Khalid A, Arshad N, Channar PA, Saeed A, Mir MI, Abbas Q, Ejaz SA, Hökelek T, Saeed A, Tehzeeb A. Structure and surface analyses of a newly synthesized acyl thiourea derivative along with its in silico and in vitro investigations for RNR, DNA binding, urease inhibition and radical scavenging activities. RSC Adv 2022; 12:17194-17207. [PMID: 35755589 PMCID: PMC9185314 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03160d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
N-((4-Acetylphenyl)carbamothioyl)-2,4-dichlorobenzamide (4) was synthesized by the treatment of 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl chloride with potassium thiocyanate in a 1 : 1 molar ratio in dry acetone to afford the 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl isothiocyanate in situ which on reaction with acetyl aniline furnished (4) in good yield and high purity. The compound was confirmed by FTIR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR and single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The planar rings were situated at a dihedral angle of 33.32(6)°. The molecules, forming S(6) ring motifs with the intramolecular N–H⋯O hydrogen bonds, were linked through intermolecular C–H⋯O and N–H⋯S hydrogen bonds, enclosing R22(8) ring motifs, into infinite double chains along [101]. C–H⋯π and π⋯π interactions with an inter-centroid distance of 3.694 (1) Å helped to consolidate a three-dimensional architecture. Hirshfeld surface (HS) analysis further indicated that the most important contributions for the crystal packing were from H⋯C/C⋯H (20.9%), H⋯H (20.5%), H⋯Cl/Cl⋯H (19.4%), H⋯O/O⋯H (13.8%) and H⋯S/S⋯H (8.9%) interactions. Thus C–H⋯π (ring), π⋯π, van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonding played the major roles in the crystal packing. The electronic structure and computed DFT (density functional theory) parameters identified the reactivity profile of compound (4). In silico binding of (4) with RNA indicated the formation of a stable protein–ligand complex via hydrogen bonding, while DNA docking studies inferred (4) as a potent groove binder. The experimentally observed hypochromic change (57.2%) in the UV-visible spectrum of (4) in the presence of varying DNA concentrations together with the evaluated binding parameters (Kb; 7.9 × 104 M−1, ΔG; −28.42 kJ mol−1) indicated spontaneous interaction of (4) with DNA via groove binding and hence supported the findings obtained through docking analysis. This compound also showed excellent urease inhibition activity in both in silico and vitro studies with an IC50 value of 0.0389 ± 0.0017 μM. However, the radical scavenging efficiency of (4) was found to be modest in comparison to vitamin C. A new acyl thiourea derivative was explored for its binding interaction with RNR and DNA and for excellent urease inhibition activity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Khalid
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University 45320 Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Nasima Arshad
- Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University 44000 Islamabad Pakistan
| | | | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University 45320 Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ismail Mir
- Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University 44000 Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Qamar Abbas
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus 32038 Bahrain
| | - Syeda Abida Ejaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Pakistan
| | - Tuncer Hökelek
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Hacettepe University Beytepe-Ankara 06800 Turkey
| | - Amna Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Pakistan
| | - Arfa Tehzeeb
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University 45320 Islamabad Pakistan
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10
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Kamaal S, Ali A, Afzal M, Muslim M, Alarifi A, Ahmad M. Exploiting the biological potential of Zn(II) complex derived from zwitterionic Schiff base: DNA binding and cytotoxicity activity against human cervical cancer. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02243-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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The interaction studies of novel imine ligands and palladium(II) complexes with DNA and BSA for drug delivery application: the anti-cancer activity and molecular docking evaluation. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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12
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Arshad N, Mir MI, Perveen F, Javed A, Javaid M, Saeed A, Channar PA, Farooqi SI, Alkahtani S, Anwar J. Investigations on Anticancer Potentials by DNA Binding and Cytotoxicity Studies for Newly Synthesized and Characterized Imidazolidine and Thiazolidine-Based Isatin Derivatives. Molecules 2022; 27:354. [PMID: 35056668 PMCID: PMC8778244 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Imidazolidine and thiazolidine-based isatin derivatives (IST-01-04) were synthesized, characterized, and tested for their interactions with ds-DNA. Theoretical and experimental findings showed good compatibility and indicated compound-DNA binding by mixed mode of interactions. The evaluated binding parameters, i.e., binding constant (Kb), free energy change (ΔG), and binding site sizes (n), inferred comparatively greater and more spontaneous binding interactions of IST-02 and then IST-04 with the DNA, among all compounds tested under physiological pH and temperature (7.4, 37 °C). The cytotoxic activity of all compounds was assessed against HeLa (cervical carcinoma), MCF-7 (breast carcinoma), and HuH-7 (liver carcinoma), as well as normal HEK-293 (human embryonic kidney) cell lines. Among all compounds, IST-02 and 04 were found to be cytotoxic against HuH-7 cell lines with percentage cell toxicity of 75% and 66%, respectively, at 500 ng/µL dosage. Moreover, HEK-293 cells exhibit tolerance to the increasing drug concentration, suggesting these two compounds are less cytotoxic against normal cell lines compared to cancer cell lines. Hence, both DNA binding and cytotoxicity studies proved imidazolidine (IST-02) and thiazolidine (IST-04)-based isatin derivatives as potent anticancer drug candidates among which imidazolidine (IST-02) is comparatively the more promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasima Arshad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (M.I.M.); (S.I.F.)
| | - Muhammad Ismail Mir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (M.I.M.); (S.I.F.)
| | - Fouzia Perveen
- Research Center for Modeling and Simulations, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Aneela Javed
- Healthcare Biotechnology Atta-ur-Rehman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Memona Javaid
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (M.J.); (P.A.C.)
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (M.J.); (P.A.C.)
| | - Pervaiz Ali Channar
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (M.J.); (P.A.C.)
| | - Shahid Iqbal Farooqi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (M.I.M.); (S.I.F.)
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 12546, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Jamshed Anwar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK;
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