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Hornung CM, Kramer R, Levine J, Hannink G, Hoogervorst P. Functional outcomes and complications of plate fixation for midshaft clavicle fractures by type and location: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JSES Int 2024; 8:407-422. [PMID: 38707570 PMCID: PMC11064701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jseint.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Various plate types are used in the surgical treatment of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures. These plates can be positioned in different locations on the clavicle, although no studies to date have elucidated optimal plate type and location of fixation. This systematic review compares the functional outcomes and complications in the management of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures using plate fixation by stratifying by both plate type and location. Methods A systematic review according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines was conducted to identify all papers reporting functional outcomes, union rates, and/or complications using plates for the management of midshaft clavicle fractures. Multiple databases and trial registries were searched from inception until March 2022. A meta-analysis was conducted for functional outcomes and type of complication, stratified by plate type (locking, compression, or reconstruction) and location (superior or anteroinferior). Pooled estimates of functional outcome scores and incidence of complications were calculated using a random effects model. Risk of bias and quality were assessed using the risk of bias version 2 and ROBINS-I (Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies - of Interventions) tools. The confidence in estimates were rated and described according to the recommendations of the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations) working group. Results Forty-five studies were included in the systematic review and 43 were included in the meta-analysis. Depending on plate type and location, pooled Constant-Murley Scores ranged from 89.23 to 93.48 at 12 months. Nonunion rates were 3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1-6) for superior locking plates (GRADE Low). Rates of any complication (nonunion, hardware failure, hardware irritation, wound dehiscence, keloid, superficial infection, deep infection, delayed union, malunion, and/or persistent pain) by plate type and location ranged from 3% to 17% (GRADE Very Low to Moderate). Superior compression plates had the highest incidence of any complications (17% [95% CI 5-44], GRADE Very Low), while anterior inferior compression plates had the lowest incidence of any complication (3% [95% CI 0-15], GRADE Very Low). Hardware irritation was the most reported individual complication for superior locking plates and superior compression plates, 11% (95% CI 7-17, GRADE Low) and 11% (95% CI 3-33, GRADE Very Low), respectively. Conclusion Although most studies were of low quality, studies reporting functional outcomes generally showed good functional results and similar incidence of any complication regardless of plate type and location. There is no evidence of a plate and location combination to optimize patient functional outcomes or complications. We were unable to reliably evaluate union rates or individual complications for most plate types stratified by location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Hornung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Riley Kramer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Joshua Levine
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Gerjon Hannink
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Hoogervorst
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Sangiorgio A, Previtali D, Oldrini LM, Milev SR, Filardo G, Candrian C. Comparable results of superior vs antero-inferior plating for the treatment of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures. A comparative study. Injury 2024; 55:111449. [PMID: 38422762 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2024.111449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clavicle fractures represent up to 10 % of all fractures, affecting mainly a young population. Open reduction and internal plate fixation provide good results, but evidence on the best plate positioning is still unclear. Aim of this retrospective study was to compare superior and antero-inferior plating positioning in the surgical treatment of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS 104 patients aged > 18 years, treated surgically with plate fixation (51 superior, 53 antero-inferior) for a midshaft clavicle fracture from January 2010 to April 2021 were included. At the time of the visit, mean follow-up time was 6.6 ± 2.6 years. Shoulder function was evaluated with the use of Constant-Murley Score (CMS) and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score. Return to sport, aesthetic satisfaction, operative time, radiological outcomes, rate of implant removal, and overall patient satisfaction were documented as well. RESULTS Mean CMS was 94.1 ± 10.0 points in the superior plating group and 93.4 ± 11.6 points in the antero-inferior plating group. DASH score: 4.6 ± 11.0 superior, 5.1 ± 10.5 antero-inferior. Return to sport: 8.2 ± 2.9 superior, 8.2 ± 3.0 antero-inferior. Aesthetic satisfaction: 8.9 ± 1.6 superior, 8.8 ± 2.1 antero-inferior. Overall satisfaction: 9.1 ± 1.5 superior, 8.9 ± 1.7 antero-inferior. The comparison between groups showed no statistically significant differences (p = n.s.) for all outcome measures. Operative time: 101.6 ± 27.3 min superior, 113.0 ± 31.6 min antero-inferior (p = 0.05). Radiological follow-up documented one non-union and one mal-union in the antero-inferior plating group. Overall, 63 patients underwent plate removal: 58.8 % in the superior plating group and 62.3 % in the antero-inferior plating group (p = n.s.). Main reason for plate removal was pain/discomfort. CONCLUSIONS Both superior and antero-inferior plating provided excellent clinical, functional, and radiological results for the treatment of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures, without significant differences between groups. The superior plating group showed a statistically shorter operative time. High rate of re-interventions with implant removal was documented in both groups. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Sangiorgio
- Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland.
| | - Davide Previtali
- Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
| | | | - Stamen Roumenov Milev
- Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Filardo
- Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Christian Candrian
- Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
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Muthu S, Annamalai S, Kandasamy V. Lateral clavicle fracture-plating options and considerations. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:1039-1044. [PMID: 38464924 PMCID: PMC10921304 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i6.1039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Clavicle fractures are among the most prevalent types of fractures with numerous treatment strategies that have evolved over time. In the realm of lateral-third clavicle fracture management, several surgical methods are available, with plate and screw constructs being one of the most frequently employed options. Within this construct, numerous choices exist for fixing the fracture. This editorial provides an overview of the common plate options utilized in the management of distal third clavicle fractures underscoring the critical considerations and approaches that guide clinicians in selecting the most appropriate fixation techniques, considering the complex landscape of clavicle fractures and their challenging management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Muthu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic Research Group, Coimbatore 641045, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Karur Medical College, Karur 639004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saravanan Annamalai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Thiruvallur Medical College, Thiruvallur 631203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Velmurugan Kandasamy
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai 600010, Tamil Nadu, India
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Hambrecht J, Canal C, Klingebiel F, Pfammatter C, Teuben M, Neuhaus V, Pape HC, Kalbas Y, Hierholzer C. Elective implant removal in the upper extremity: only symptomatic patients benefit. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY & TRAUMATOLOGY : ORTHOPEDIE TRAUMATOLOGIE 2024; 34:1153-1161. [PMID: 37982914 PMCID: PMC10858111 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-023-03777-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Elective implant removal (IR) in the upper extremity remains controversial. Implants in the olecranon and clavicle are commonly removed for prominence, unlike in the distal radius. Patient-reported symptomatic cannot be verified, and nonspecific discomfort remains unquantified. In this study, indications and outcomes of IR at the clavicle, olecranon and distal radius were evaluated, with a focus on postoperative patient satisfaction. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective, single-center cohort study, patients, who received elective IR of the clavicle, olecranon and distal radius were included. Patients were followed up at least six weeks after IR. Outcomes included patient satisfaction, symptom resolution, and complications. RESULTS One hundred and eighty-nine patients were included. Unspecific symptoms of discomfort were the most prevalent indication for IR (48.7%), followed by pain (29.6%) and objective limited range of motion (ROM) (7%). Pain and limited ROM combined was observed in 13.8%. Subjective benefit following IR was described in 54%. Patients with limited ROM (OR 4.7, p < 0.001) or pain (OR 4.1, p < 0.001) were more likely to experience alleviation of complaints. Patients with unspecific symptoms of discomfort, often did not report improvement. Major complications occurred in 2%. Refractures were detected at the clavicle (3.7%) and at the olecranon (2.5%). Minor complication rate was 5%. CONCLUSION IR is a safe procedure in the upper extremity. Indications based on unspecific symptoms of discomfort have a significant lower rate of patient satisfaction postoperatively. Elective IR should be considered cautiously, if it is driven primarily by unspecific symptoms of discomfort. Patient education is relevant to prevent dissatisfying outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hambrecht
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Surgical Research, Harald Tscherne Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Claudio Canal
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Surgical Research, Harald Tscherne Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Klingebiel
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Surgical Research, Harald Tscherne Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cyrill Pfammatter
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Surgical Research, Harald Tscherne Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michel Teuben
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Surgical Research, Harald Tscherne Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Neuhaus
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Surgical Research, Harald Tscherne Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Christoph Pape
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Surgical Research, Harald Tscherne Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yannik Kalbas
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Surgical Research, Harald Tscherne Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Hierholzer
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Surgical Research, Harald Tscherne Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
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Buenter IR, Kremo V, Beeres FJP, van Veelen NM, Galliker B, Link BC, Babst R, Pape HC, van de Wall BJM. Does plate position influence the outcome in midshaft clavicular fractures? A multicenter analysis. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2024:10.1007/s00068-023-02400-y. [PMID: 38231234 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-023-02400-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To date, it remains unclear whether superior or anterior plating is the best option for treating midshaft clavicular fractures. The aim of this study was to compare both techniques with regard to the incidence of implant removal due to implant irritation, risk of complications, time to union, and function. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, all midshaft clavicular fractures treated operatively between 2017 and 2020 in two hospitals in Switzerland were analyzed. The participating hospitals differed with regard to their standard practice; one offered superior plating only, while the other predominantly employed an anterior plate. The primary outcome was the incidence of implant removal for irritation. Secondary outcomes were time to union, complications, re-interventions, and range of motion during the follow-up period of at least 6 months. RESULTS In total, 168 patients were included in the study of which 81 (48%) received anterior plating and 87 (52%) superior plating. The overall mean age was 45 years (SD 16). There was no significant difference between anterior and superior plating with regard to implant removal (58.5% versus 57.1%, p = 0.887), infection (5.7% versus 1.8%, p = 0.071), and time to union (median 48 weeks versus 52 weeks, p = 0.643). Data on range of motion were available in 71 patients. There was no significant difference in anteflexion (median 180 degrees anterior versus 180 degrees superior) and abduction (median 180 degrees anterior versus 180 degrees superior) between the two groups. CONCLUSION This retrospective cohort study did not find sufficient evidence to recommend one implant position over the other for midshaft clavicular fractures with regard to removal due to irritation. Time to union was similar and Infections were equally rare in both groups. Notably, a considerable number of patients in both groups had their implants removed due to irritation. Larger prospective studies are needed to determine how much plate position contributes to the occurrence of irritation and whether other patient or implant-related factors might play a role. Until this is clarified, implant position should be based on surgeons preference and experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Ruth Buenter
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Spitalstrasse, CH-6000, Lucerne, Switzerland.
- Department of Trauma, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Valerie Kremo
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Spitalstrasse, CH-6000, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Frank Johannes Paulus Beeres
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Spitalstrasse, CH-6000, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine University of Lucerne, Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Spitalstrasse, CH-6000, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Maria van Veelen
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Spitalstrasse, CH-6000, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Beat Galliker
- Department of Surgery, Cantonal Hospital Lucerne in Sursee, Spitalstrasse 16A, CH-6210, Sursee, Switzerland
| | - Bjoern-Christian Link
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Spitalstrasse, CH-6000, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Reto Babst
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine University of Lucerne, Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Spitalstrasse, CH-6000, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Christoph Pape
- Department of Trauma, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bryan Joost Marinus van de Wall
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Spitalstrasse, CH-6000, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine University of Lucerne, Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Spitalstrasse, CH-6000, Lucerne, Switzerland
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Zhao XL, Liu YQ, Wang JG, Liu YC, Zhou JX, Wang BY, Zhang YJ. Distal clavicle fractures treated by anteroinferior plating with a single screw: Two case reports. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:7502-7507. [PMID: 37969449 PMCID: PMC10643073 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i30.7502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For the treatment of distal clavicle fractures, each treatment method has its own advantages and disadvantages, and there is no optimal surgical solution. CASE SUMMARY Based on this, we report 2 cases of distal clavicle fractures treated utilizing an anterior inferior plate with a single screw placed in the distal, in anticipation of providing a better surgical approach to distal clavicle fracture treatment. Two patients were admitted to the hospital after trauma with a diagnosis of distal clavicle fracture, and were admitted to the hospital for internal fixation of clavicle fracture by incision and reduction, with good postoperative functional recovery. CONCLUSION With solid postoperative fixation and satisfactory prognostic functional recovery, this technique has been shown to be simple, easy to perform and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Lei Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yan-Qing Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jian-Guo Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - You-Cai Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jia-Xuan Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Bei-Yu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yi-Jun Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
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Tamburini LM, Mayo BC, Edgar C. Dual- Versus Single-Plate Fixation of Clavicle Fractures: Understanding the Rationale Behind both Approaches. Clin Sports Med 2023; 42:677-684. [PMID: 37716730 DOI: 10.1016/j.csm.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Clavicle fractures are a common injury resulting from a high-energy force, such as a fall onto the shoulder, motor vehicle accident, or sporting activity. Although some clavicle fractures may be treated nonoperatively, operative treatment results in higher union rates and faster return to activity. Here we discuss the operative treatment options for plating of clavicle fractures; specifically, a single plate placed either superiorly or anteriorly or two plates placed orthogonally. Because both techniques provide adequate stability, fracture and patient characteristics should guide the surgical decision making regarding single versus dual plating of clavicle fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Tamburini
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, 120 Dowling Way, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Benjamin C Mayo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, 120 Dowling Way, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Cory Edgar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, 120 Dowling Way, Farmington, CT 06032, USA.
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Ryan PM, Wilson C, Volkmer R, Hisle G, Brennan M, Stahl D. Low rate of secondary surgery and implant removal following superior, precontoured plating of midshaft clavicle fractures. Proc AMIA Symp 2023; 36:461-467. [PMID: 37334078 PMCID: PMC10269419 DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2023.2210790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Surgical fixation of midshaft clavicle fractures with a single 3.5 mm superior clavicular plate has been associated with a high rate of hardware removal due to symptomatic hardware. Because of this, dual-plating techniques with lower-profile implants have been proposed. However, dual-plating systems have disadvantages, including increased cost and increased surgical morbidity. The aim of this study was to define the rate of symptomatic hardware removal for all midshaft clavicle fractures. Methods We retrospectively reviewed information on all patients from 2014 to 2018 at a single level 1 trauma institution with surgeries performed by two fellowship-trained orthopedic trauma surgeons. Documented removal of hardware and the reason for removal were recorded. We then contacted all patients at their listed telephone number to confirm the hardware was still in place and to administer patient outcome questionnaires. If patients did not answer, attempts were made to contact them multiple times on multiple days. Those who were not reached but had documented hardware removal were included in the total number of patients with hardware removal. Results The search revealed 158 patients, of whom 89 (61.8%) were included in the study. Average follow up was 4.09 years (range 2.02-6.50 years). Five patients (5.56%) underwent hardware removal. Removal was for symptomatic or irritating hardware in two of these patients (2.22%). Average abbreviated Disability of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score was 6.27, and average American Society of Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons shoulder score was 93.6. Conclusion In our series, the rate of symptomatic hardware removal was 2.22%, well below reported removal rates. Hardware removal rates for prominent symptomatic superior clavicular plates may be significantly lower than previously reported, and these fractures may be adequately treated with a single, superior plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M. Ryan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center – Temple, Temple, Texas
| | - Charlie Wilson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Randy Volkmer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center – Temple, Temple, Texas
| | - Garret Hisle
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center – Temple, Temple, Texas
| | - Michael Brennan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center – Temple, Temple, Texas
| | - Daniel Stahl
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center – Temple, Temple, Texas
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Anteroinferior plating is an independent factor for decreasing symptomatic implant removal rates after plate fixation for midshaft clavicle fractures. OTA Int 2023; 6:e253. [PMID: 36846523 PMCID: PMC9953037 DOI: 10.1097/oi9.0000000000000253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The factors that significantly influence the symptomatic implant removal rates after plate fixation for midshaft clavicle fractures remain controversial. The purpose of this study was to compare the symptomatic implant removal rates between 2 different types of plating technique and to evaluate independently associated factors. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Acute care center. Patients/Participants A total of 71 patients 16 years or older who were diagnosed with displaced midshaft clavicle fractures from April 2016 to March 2020. Intervention Thirty-nine patients were treated with superior plating (Group SP), and the remaining 32 patients were treated with anteroinferior plating (Group AIP). Main Outcome Measurements Symptomatic implant removal rates after plate fixation for midshaft clavicle fractures. Results Symptomatic implant removal rates were significantly lower in Group AIP (28.1%) than in Group SP (53.8%) (P = 0.033). Multivariate analyses showed that symptomatic implant removal rates were significantly decreased by three independent factors, namely AIP (odds ratio [OR] = 0.323) (P = 0.037), greater age (45 years or older) (OR = 0.312) (P = 0.029), and high body mass index (≥25 kg/m2) (OR = 0.117) (P = 0.034). Conclusions AIP significantly and independently decreased the symptomatic implant removal rate. Among the three explanatory factors showing significant difference, plating technique is the only factor that can be altered by medical institutions. Therefore, we recommend this technique for displaced midshaft clavicle fractures to reduce a second surgery such as symptomatic implant removal. Level of Evidence Level 3, retrospective cohort study.
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Sinkler MA, Wang M, Kuo A, Furdock RJ, McMellen CJ, Boes K, Ochenjele G. Anterior and superior plate positions in diaphyseal clavicle fractures produce similar patient outcomes. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY & TRAUMATOLOGY : ORTHOPEDIE TRAUMATOLOGIE 2022:10.1007/s00590-022-03428-3. [PMID: 36385680 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-022-03428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE While diaphyseal clavicle fractures can be treated with plate fixation on either the superior or anteroinferior aspect of the clavicle, the optimal plate position remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine if anteroinferior vs. superior plating for clavicle fracture fixation leads to better patient outcomes. METHODS A retrospective review of patients who sustained clavicle fractures (OTA/AO 15.2) treated with superior or anteroinferior plating at a tertiary Level I trauma center from 2015 to 2021 was performed. The clinical outcomes of clavicle fractures were compared between groups treated with an anterior versus a superior approach via Mann-Whitney U and Chi-squared tests as appropriate to evaluate for differences in outcomes between the two plate positions. RESULTS A total of 315 diaphyseal clavicle fractures were identified. One hundred and forty patients were excluded due to inadequate follow-up. Of the remaining 175 patients, 25 were treated with an anteroinferior approach (14%) and 150 were treated with a superior approach (86%). There were no differences in age, BMI, tobacco use, or substance use between the two groups (p > 0.05 for all). On univariate analysis, there was no difference in rate of union (p = 0.60), nerve injury (p = 0.60), infection (p = 1.0), implant-related irritation (p = 0.42), implant removal (p = 0.26), or revision (p = 1.0) based on approach. Contoured plates had an association with risk of nerve injury (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION There are no differences in union, nerve injury, infection, symptomatic implant, or revision rate between anteroinferior and superior clavicle approaches. Plate positioning during diaphyseal clavicle fracture fixation can reasonably be dictated based on surgeon preference and ideal reduction quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Sinkler
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Margaret Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Andy Kuo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Ryan J Furdock
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Christopher J McMellen
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kirsten Boes
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - George Ochenjele
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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11
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Sheth U, Fernandez CE, Morgan AM, Henry P, Nam D. Are two plates better than one? A systematic review of dual plating for acute midshaft clavicle fractures. Shoulder Elbow 2022; 14:500-509. [PMID: 36199514 PMCID: PMC9527487 DOI: 10.1177/17585732211002495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rate of operative fixation of acute midshaft clavicle fractures has exponentially increased in recent years; however, the rate of reoperation for symptomatic hardware removal remains high and the optimal fixation strategy unknown. This systematic review aimed to summarize available evidence for dual plating of acute displaced midshaft clavicle fractures. METHODS EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PubMed searches identified clinical studies evaluating dual plate fixation of acute midshaft clavicle fractures. Pooled analysis was performed using a random-effects model in RevMan 5.3. RESULTS Eleven studies including 672 patients were included. Hardware removal occurred in 4.4% and 12.3% of patients undergoing dual and single plate fixation, respectively. Compared to single plating, dual plating had significantly lower odds of hardware removal (P = 0.001) with no difference in union rates. There were no significant differences in reoperation (excluding hardware removal), complications, and patient-reported outcomes between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that dual plating of acute displaced midshaft clavicle fractures may lead to lower rates of reoperation for symptomatic hardware removal without compromising fracture healing. Ultimately, well-designed randomized trials are needed to further investigate the findings from this systematic review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujash Sheth
- Sunnybrook Orthopaedic Upper Limb (SOUL), Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Ujash Sheth, 2075 Bayview Avenue, MG301 Toronto, ON, Canada M4N 3M5.
| | - Claire E Fernandez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Allison M Morgan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Patrick Henry
- Sunnybrook Orthopaedic Upper Limb (SOUL), Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Diane Nam
- Sunnybrook Orthopaedic Upper Limb (SOUL), Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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12
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Ostergaard PJ, Hall MJ, Xiong G, Zhang D, Earp BE. Risk Factors for Implant Removal After Surgical Fixation of Midshaft Clavicle Fractures. Orthopedics 2022; 45:e201-e206. [PMID: 35245147 DOI: 10.3928/01477447-20220225-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Midshaft clavicle fractures are common injuries that traditionally have been managed nonoperatively. However, recent literature has shown lower rates of nonunion and improved patient-reported outcomes with surgical management. The rate of implant removal after surgical fixation varies across the literature from 5% to 82%, depending on the method of fixation. We performed a retrospective review of all patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with plate-and-screw constructs for midshaft fractures of the clavicle at 2 level I trauma centers to determine the rate of implant removal and identify variables associated with implant removal. We collected all patient-, injury-, and treatment-specific factors as well as information on reoperation for removal of implants. Bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to assess whether explanatory factors were associated with removal of implants after ORIF for midshaft clavicle fractures. Of the 146 patients who were treated with ORIF for midshaft clavicle fractures with plate-and-screw constructs, 41 (28%) underwent removal of the implant. The median follow-up was 836 days (interquartile range, 457-1567 days). Variables associated with increased risk of implant removal included anterior plate position (odds ratio, 5.32; 95% CI, 2.01-14.1) and number of holes in the plate (odds ratio, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.00-1.63). These results question whether anterior plating results in less implant prominence and less subsequent removal of implants. [Orthopedics. 2022;45(4):e201-e206.].
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13
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Rompen IF, van de Wall BJM, van Heijl M, Bünter I, Diwersi N, Tillmann F, Migliorini F, Link BC, Knobe M, Babst R, Beeres FJP. Low profile dual plating for mid-shaft clavicle fractures: a meta-analysis and systematic review of observational studies. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2022; 48:3063-3071. [PMID: 35237845 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-021-01845-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low profile dual plate fixation using two mini fragment plates (< 2.7 mm thickness) is a relatively new technique and alternative to single plating for treating midshaft clavicle fractures. To date, no meta-analysis has been performed comparing these two techniques. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized clinical trials was performed comparing single plating to low profile dual plating for midshaft clavicle fractures. METHODS PubMed/Medline/Embase/CENTRAL/CINAHL were searched for both randomized clinical trials (RCT) and observational studies comparing both treatments. Effect estimates were pooled across studies using random effects models. The primary outcome is overall complication rate and re-intervention rate. Secondary outcomes include healing, operation duration and functional scores. RESULTS Low profile dual plating has favourable outcomes regarding overall complication rate (8.1% vs. 22.5%, OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2-0.7, I2 = 16%, p = 0.007) and re-intervention rate (6.1% vs. 16.1%, OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1-0.9, I2 = 25%, p = 0.02). The largest contributing factor behind these differences was the high incidence of implant related complaints in the single plating group (4.7% vs. 11.6%, OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.9, I2 = 0%, p = 0.02). The use of low profile dual plating does not have a detrimental effect on healing with union being attained in 99% compared to 97.4% in the single plating group (OR 1.8, 95% CI 0.3-10.7, I = 0%, p = 0.5). Data on operating time and functional results is limited. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis shows that dual plating low profile plates for midshaft clavicle fractures is a safe procedure attaining the same union rates seen in patients treated with single plating. In addition, it seems to have a lower overall complication and re-intervention rate, mostly driven by the lower incidence of implant related complaints. Low profile dual plating, however, is a fairly new technique and should be further explored in respect to more differentiated endpoints to test whether these first findings are valid. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingmar Florin Rompen
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Spitalstrasse, 6000, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Bryan Joost Marinus van de Wall
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Spitalstrasse, 6000, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Department of Health Science and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Frohburgstrasse 3, 6002, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Mark van Heijl
- Department of Surgery, Hand and Wrist Unit, Diakonessenhuis, Bosboomstraat 1, 3582 KE, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Bünter
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Spitalstrasse, 6000, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Diwersi
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Spitalstrasse, 6000, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Franz Tillmann
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Spitalstrasse, 6000, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Filippo Migliorini
- Department of Orthopaedics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Björn-Christian Link
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Spitalstrasse, 6000, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Knobe
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Spitalstrasse, 6000, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Reto Babst
- Department of Health Science and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Frohburgstrasse 3, 6002, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Frank Joseph Paulus Beeres
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Spitalstrasse, 6000, Lucerne, Switzerland.
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14
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Wurm M, Beirer M, Zyskowski M, Völk C, Schwarz A, Biberthaler P, Kirchhoff C, Crönlein M. Does implant removal of superior clavicle plate osteosynthesis affect the functional outcome: a prospective trial. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2022; 142:139-144. [PMID: 33130933 PMCID: PMC8732891 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-020-03669-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elective implant removal (IR) accounts for up to 30% of all orthopaedic surgeries. While there is general acceptance about the need of implant removal for obvious reasons, such as infections or implant failure, little is known about the beneficial aspects in cases of minor reasons such as patients' wish for IR. Therefore, we initiated this study to define patients' benefit of elective implant removal following plate osteosynthesis of displaced clavicle fractures. PATIENTS AND METHODS Prospective evaluation of patients was conducted before implant removal and 6 weeks postoperative. Subjective and objective criteria included pain rating on a visual analogue scale (VAS) and active range of motion (ROM) pre- and 6 weeks postoperative. Functional scoring included Constant-Murley Score, DASH (Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand Score), MSQ (Munich Shoulder Questionnaire) and SPADI (Shoulder Pain and Disability Index). RESULTS 37 patients were prospectively enrolled in this study and implant removal was performed after 16 ± 6.1 months. No re-fractures nor other complications were detected during routine follow up. Functional outcome increased through all scores (Constant score 73.3 ± 14.6 preoperative to 87.4 ± 12.0 postoperative (p = 0.000), MSQ 85.0 ± 7.3 preoperative to 91.8 ± 9.0 postoperative (p = 0.005), DASH Score 7.4 ± 8.2 preoperative to 5.7 ± 9.5 postoperative (p = 0.414), SPADI 93.4 ± 6.6 preoperative to 94.0 ± 10.1 postoperative (p = 0.734). CONCLUSIONS Discomfort during daily activities or performing sports as well as limited range of motion were the main reasons for patients' wish for implant removal. We found increased functional outcome parameters and decreased irritation after implant removal. Therefore we suggest implant removal in case of patients' wish and completed fracture consolidation. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trial registration no: NCT04343118, Retrospective registered: www.clinicaltrials.gov .
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Wurm
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Beirer
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Zyskowski
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Christopher Völk
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Arthur Schwarz
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Biberthaler
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Chlodwig Kirchhoff
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Moritz Crönlein
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
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Meselhy MA, Shosha AM, Essawy OM, Eltrigy SAE. Management of Clavicular Fracture in Adults by Plating: a Systematic Review. SN COMPREHENSIVE CLINICAL MEDICINE 2021; 3:2603-2617. [DOI: 10.1007/s42399-021-01070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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16
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Nolte PC, Tross AK, Studniorz J, Grützner PA, Guehring T, Schnetzke M. No difference in mid-term outcome after superior vs. anteroinferior plate position for displaced midshaft clavicle fractures. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22101. [PMID: 34764395 PMCID: PMC8586364 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01625-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To compare outcomes, complications, revisions, and rates of implant removal of superior compared to anteroinferior plating in displaced midshaft clavicle fractures at mid-term follow-up. We retrospectively reviewed 79 patients who underwent operative treatment for displaced midshaft clavicle fractures (Group A: 28 patients with superior plating; Group B: 51 patients with anteroinferior plating) that were at least 2 years postoperatively. Adjusted Constant Score (aCS), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) score were compared. Bone union, implant removal, complications and revision surgeries were assessed. Group A had a significantly higher aCS compared to group B (90, IQR: 85.0-91.0 vs. 91, IQR: 90.0-93.0; P = 0.037). No significant differences between groups were seen in VAS (P = 0.283) and QuickDASH (P = 0.384). Bone union was achieved in 76 patients (96.2%) with no significant differences between groups (Group A: 96.4% vs. Group B: 96.1%; P > 0.999). There were no significant differences in implant removal rates (Group A: 60.7% vs. Group B: 66.7%; P = 0.630), complications (Group A: 46.4% vs. Group B: 31.4%; P = 0.226) and revisions (Group A: 25% vs. Group B: 9.8%; P = 0.102). Superior and anteroinferior plating result in high bone union rates and good clinical outcomes with similar rates of plate removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip-Christian Nolte
- Clinic for Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen at the University of Heidelberg, Ludwig-Guttmann-Strasse 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
| | - Anna-Katharina Tross
- Clinic for Orthopaedic Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Studniorz
- Clinic for Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen at the University of Heidelberg, Ludwig-Guttmann-Strasse 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Paul-Alfred Grützner
- Clinic for Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen at the University of Heidelberg, Ludwig-Guttmann-Strasse 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Guehring
- Department of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, Sportsmedicine & Traumatology, Diakonie Clinic Paulinenhilfe, Rosenbergstraße 38, 70176, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marc Schnetzke
- Clinic for Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen at the University of Heidelberg, Ludwig-Guttmann-Strasse 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany
- German Joint Centre, ATOS Clinic Heidelberg, Bismarckstraße 9, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Anteroinferior versus superior plating techniques for displaced midshaft clavicle fractures: A retrospective single centre cohort study from Northern Nigeria. Surgeon 2021; 20:e248-e253. [PMID: 34429243 DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clavicle fractures are common injuries accounting for up to 5% of all fractures in adults. Most clavicle fractures heal well with nonoperative treatment, some however, require surgical intervention especially when they are displaced. While plating remains the most popular and most successful method of clavicle fixation; the optimal position of the plate is yet to be agreed upon. PURPOSES The purpose of this study was to compare the functional outcomes of displaced clavicle fractures fixed with superior and anteroinferior plating techniques. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective cohort study of 69 patients (45 males and 24 females) was carried out between January 2014 and December 2018 at a government orthopaedic hospital in north-western part of Nigeria. The study involved all consecutive patients who sustained a displaced mid-shaft clavicle fracture and had open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with either superior plating (SP) or anterior-inferior plating (AIP) and were followed up for at least one year. Data analyzed include: age, sex, laterality, mode of injury, the time from initial injury to surgery, type of plate used, position of the plate, union rate, functional outcome and peri-operative complications. RESULTS Fourty-two patients had SP and twenty seven patients had AIP. Fourty one (97.6%) patients had fracture union in SP group while all the twenty seven patients (100%) in the AIP group had fracture union. The mean QuickDASH scores was 3.2 ± 4.6 and 3.6 ± 4.7 in AIP and SP groups respectively. There was no significant difference in the union rates and functional outcome between the two groups. CONCLUSION Both superior and anteroinferior plating techniques are safe and effective in the surgical management of displaced mid-clavicle fractures. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3, retrospective cohort study.
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18
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Hsiao YC, Lin TY, Wang YC, Chang CW, Tang HC, Chen CH, Su CY. Prognostic factors and outcomes of secondary surgery after plate fixation for midshaft clavicle fracture: Comparison of traditional DCP and pre-contoured locking plate. Injury 2020; 51:2241-2244. [PMID: 32616334 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic factors of reoperation after plate fixation for midshaft clavicle fracture and compare outcomes of dynamic compression plates (DCP) and pre-contoured locking plates. DESIGN Retrospective comparative study. SETTING Level I trauma center. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS We recruited 274 consecutive patients who underwent plate fixation for midshaft clavicle fracture from 2007 to 2017 and completed at least 1 year of follow-up. INTERVENTION 235 patients underwent surgery with DCP, while 39 patients were treated with locking plate. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS We reviewed the possible variables of secondary surgeries, and documented complications from the medical records. Patients with a DCP or locking plate were further divided for outcome comparisons. RESULTS 150 (54.7%) patients underwent reoperation after the initial surgery, and plate removal represented the major etiology. On multivariate analysis, superficial wound infection and prominent implant were identified as significant risk factors for reoperation, while aging, locking plate usage, and higher body mass index (BMI) were protective factors (all P < 0.05). The locking plate featured a significantly decreased implant removal rate (7.7% vs. 60.9%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Patients with risk factors for superficial wound infection or a prominent implant tended to require a secondary operation after surgery for midshaft clavicle fracture, while aging, pre-contoured locking plate usage, and higher BMI decreased the risk. Compared with DCP, patients with locking plates tended to have better prognosis and significantly lower implant removal rates. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chuan Hsiao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gune Memorial Hospital, Keelung branch, Bone and Joint Research Center, and Chang Gung University, Taiwan, F7, No 222 Mai-King Road, Keelung, Taiwan.
| | - Tung-Yi Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gune Memorial Hospital, Keelung branch, Bone and Joint Research Center, and Chang Gung University, Taiwan, F7, No 222 Mai-King Road, Keelung, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Chih Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gune Memorial Hospital, Keelung branch, Bone and Joint Research Center, and Chang Gung University, Taiwan, F7, No 222 Mai-King Road, Keelung, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Wei Chang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gune Memorial Hospital, Keelung branch, Bone and Joint Research Center, and Chang Gung University, Taiwan, F7, No 222 Mai-King Road, Keelung, Taiwan.
| | - Hao-Che Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gune Memorial Hospital, Keelung branch, Bone and Joint Research Center, and Chang Gung University, Taiwan, F7, No 222 Mai-King Road, Keelung, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Hao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gune Memorial Hospital, Keelung branch, Bone and Joint Research Center, and Chang Gung University, Taiwan, F7, No 222 Mai-King Road, Keelung, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Yi Su
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gune Memorial Hospital, Keelung branch, Bone and Joint Research Center, and Chang Gung University, Taiwan, F7, No 222 Mai-King Road, Keelung, Taiwan.
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19
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Chen MJ, DeBaun MR, Salazar BP, Lai C, Bishop JA, Gardner MJ. Safety and efficacy of using 2.4/2.4 mm and 2.0/2.4 mm dual mini-fragment plate combinations for fixation of displaced diaphyseal clavicle fractures. Injury 2020; 51:647-650. [PMID: 31948781 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of using lower profile 2.4/2.4 mm and 2.0/2.4 mm dual mini-fragment plate constructs for fixation of diaphyseal clavicle fractures. METHODS This was a retrospective case series of all displaced diaphyseal clavicle fractures treated with 2.4/2.4 and 2.0/2.4 dual mini-fragment plate constructs at a single level-one trauma center. Postoperative complications and fracture healing rates were recorded. A subset of patients with long-term follow up was used to determine the rate of reoperation for symptomatic implant removal. RESULTS All 36 identified fractures healed without loss of reduction or implant failure. There was one superficial infection and no deep infections or cases of wound dehiscence. Twenty patients from the entire cohort had longer-term follow up available to assess the reoperation rate for symptomatic implant removal. Two patients (10%) underwent symptomatic implant removal, and one patient with retained implants was planning on future removal due to soft-tissue irritation; this combined to a projected reoperation rate of 15% for symptomatic implant removal. CONCLUSION Dual mini-fragment plating of diaphyseal clavicle fractures, using 2.4/2.4 mm and 2.0/2.4 mm plate combinations, creates a lower profile construct that reliably maintains fracture reduction to healing, and has a low rate of reoperation for symptomatic implant removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, 450 Broadway Street, Pavilion C, 4th Floor, Redwood City Stanford, CA 94063-6342 United States.
| | - Malcolm R DeBaun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, 450 Broadway Street, Pavilion C, 4th Floor, Redwood City Stanford, CA 94063-6342 United States
| | - Brett P Salazar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, 450 Broadway Street, Pavilion C, 4th Floor, Redwood City Stanford, CA 94063-6342 United States
| | - Cara Lai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, 450 Broadway Street, Pavilion C, 4th Floor, Redwood City Stanford, CA 94063-6342 United States
| | - Julius A Bishop
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, 450 Broadway Street, Pavilion C, 4th Floor, Redwood City Stanford, CA 94063-6342 United States
| | - Michael J Gardner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, 450 Broadway Street, Pavilion C, 4th Floor, Redwood City Stanford, CA 94063-6342 United States
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20
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Wurm M, Beirer M, Biberthaler P, Kirchhoff C. [Clavicular fractures : Diagnostics, management and treatment]. Unfallchirurg 2019; 121:983-998. [PMID: 30483850 DOI: 10.1007/s00113-018-0575-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Clavicular fractures account for approximately 6% of bony injuries of the shoulder girdle. Patients suffering from this type of injury show 2 peaks (at the 2nd and 8th decades of life) where the majority occur in young active patients during recreational and sports activities. Besides an accurate patient history with a focus on the trauma mechanism, the clinical and radiological investigations are the cornerstones of the diagnostics. Slightly displaced fractures in a pediatric population as well as non-displaced fractures in adults can be treated conservatively. In cases of shortening and/or displacement and high functional demands, operative treatment of clavicular fractures, stable fixation and the possibility of early mobilization and therapy can be achieved; however, the indications for the procedure also depend on other factors. Surgical stabilization can substantially reduce the danger of non-union, which is why it is becoming more important.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - C Kirchhoff
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfallchirurgie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, München, Deutschland.
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21
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Frima H, van Heijl M, Michelitsch C, van der Meijden O, Beeres FJP, Houwert RM, Sommer C. Clavicle fractures in adults; current concepts. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2019; 46:519-529. [PMID: 30944950 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-019-01122-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For decades, clavicle fractures have been treated conservatively. In the last 20 years, however, non-union rates after conservative treatment appear higher than previously reported and more evidence regarding operative treatment has become available. This has led to a paradigm shift towards an increase in operative treatment. The aim of this review is to present the current concepts and available evidence regarding clavicle fracture treatment. METHODS Conservative and operative treatment options together with their indications for medial, shaft and lateral clavicle fractures are discussed. For all three anatomical locations, a treatment algorithm is proposed. CONCLUSION In general, non-displaced fractures are treated conservatively. Operative treatment has to be discussed with patients with displaced clavicle fractures, especially in the young and active patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman Frima
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Kantonsspital Graubünden, Loëstrasse 170, 7000, Chur, Switzerland.
| | - Mark van Heijl
- Department of Surgery, Diakonessenhuis, Bosboomstraat 1, 3582 KE, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Michelitsch
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Kantonsspital Graubünden, Loëstrasse 170, 7000, Chur, Switzerland
| | - Olivier van der Meijden
- Institut Universitaire de Locomotion et du Sport, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Hôpital Pasteur 2, Nice, France
| | - Frank J P Beeres
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Spitalstrasse 16, 6000, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Roderick M Houwert
- Utrecht Traumacenter, Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christoph Sommer
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Kantonsspital Graubünden, Loëstrasse 170, 7000, Chur, Switzerland
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22
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Vancleef S, Herteleer M, Carette Y, Herijgers P, Duflou JR, Nijs S, Vander Sloten J. Why off-the-shelf clavicle plates rarely fit: anatomic analysis of the clavicle through statistical shape modeling. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2019; 28:631-638. [PMID: 30609957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clavicle presents a large variability in its characterizing sigmoid shape. Prominent and nonproperly fitting fixation plates (FP) cause soft tissue irritation and lead to hardware removal. It is therefore key in FP design to account for shape variations. Statistical shape models (SSMs) have been built to analyze a cluster of complex shapes. The goal of this study was to describe the anatomic variation of the clavicle using SSMs. METHODS Two different SSMs of the clavicle were created, and their modes of variation were described. One model contained 120 left male and female clavicles. The other model consisted of 76 left and corresponding right clavicles, 41 originating from men and 35 from women. RESULTS The model of 120 left clavicles showed that 10 modes of variation are necessary to explain 95% of the variation. The most important modes of variation are the clavicle length, inferior-superior bow, and medial and lateral curvature. Statistically significant differences between male and female clavicles were seen in length, sigmoid shape, and medial curvature. Comparison in men between left and right revealed significant differences in length and medial curvature. For women, a statistically significant difference between left and right was only seen in the length. CONCLUSIONS Although the operative treatment of displaced midshaft clavicular fractures has clear benefits, the variable anatomy of the clavicle often makes it challenging for the surgeon to make the plate fit adequately. Based on the identified variability in the clavicle's anatomy, it seems unlikely that a clavicle plating system can fit the entire population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michiel Herteleer
- Organ Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Traumatology, Universitaire Ziekenhuizen (UZ) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yannick Carette
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Joost R Duflou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefaan Nijs
- Department of Traumatology, Universitaire Ziekenhuizen (UZ) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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23
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Fuglesang HFS, Flugsrud GB, Randsborg PH, Hammer OL, Utvåg SE. Five-Year Follow-up Results of a Randomized Controlled Study Comparing Intramedullary Nailing with Plate Fixation of Completely Displaced Midshaft Fractures of the Clavicle in Adults. JB JS Open Access 2018; 3:e0009. [PMID: 30882049 PMCID: PMC6400504 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.oa.18.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Surgical management of completely displaced midshaft fractures of the clavicle is becoming more frequent, although long-term follow-up with Level-I evidence is scarce. Plate fixation (PF) of comminuted fractures provides faster functional recovery than elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN). The 12-month follow-up of this randomized controlled trial, published previously, found no clinical differences at that time on the group level, but subtle differences on the subgroup level indicated that the results after closed ESIN were better than those after open ESIN. The primary aim of the study reported here was to compare the long-term clinical outcomes and sequelae after open reduction with those after closed reduction and to help surgeons develop a treatment strategy of either PF or ESIN for selected patients. Methods: At a median follow-up of 66 months (range, 49 to 89 months), the 123 patients in the original study were invited to an online secure survey. We used the survey results to compare the PF and ESIN treatment arms and to perform predetermined subgroup analyses of closed compared with open ESIN in relation to Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score, pain assessment, and implant removal. Results: The questionnaire was completed by 114 (93%) of the 123 patients. There were no differences between the 2 treatment arms with regard to the DASH score (ESIN, 3.1 ± 7.0 and PF, 3.7 ± 7.5; p = 0.9). The 27 patients who had been treated with closed ESIN had a significantly superior DASH score compared with the 27 patients who had been treated with open ESIN (closed, 0.7 ± 1.4 and open, 5.2 ± 8.9; p = 0.015) and compared with the patients who had been treated with PF (closed ESIN, 0.7 ± 1.4 and PF, 3.9 ± 7.5; p = 0.002). Patients who had been treated with closed ESIN also reported fewer sequelae than patients who had been treated with open ESIN or PF. Conclusions: The results of this study, combined with those of our prior 1-year follow-up of the same patients, indicate that it seems to be advantageous to perform closed ESIN. The long-term results after PF were similar to those after open ESIN, but PF resulted in faster functional recovery and fewer patients needing to have the implant removed. Therefore, if open reduction is necessary for a comminuted fracture, it seems that the advantages of the minimally invasive ESIN procedure are lost, and the surgeon should consider conversion to PF. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik F S Fuglesang
- Orthopaedic Department, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Ola-Lars Hammer
- Orthopaedic Department, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Army Medical School, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stein Erik Utvåg
- Orthopaedic Department, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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24
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Abstract
The preferred treatment of clavicula midshaft fractures in adults has gone from being very conservative into surgery being frequently recommended. However, based on recent meta-analysis favorable outcome with internal fixation is not as consistent as previously reported. Probably due to a combination of indications for surgery becoming too wide and surgery being performed by a wider group of surgeons. When using plating for clavicula fractures there are several considerations to consider to improve outcome while reducing the risk for complications. Traditionally a horizontal approach along the clavicula is used as it provides good exposure. However, this incision is associated with a high risk for permanent anterior chest wall numbness that might be very disturbing for patients. A vertical incision can instead be used. Plates are traditionally placed in a superior position. An alternative can be an anterior-inferior position that allows better soft tissue coverage, less risk for hardware protrusion, longer screws can be used and the risk for damaging the underlying neurovascular bundle is reduced. Angle-stable screw-plate systems has not in a convincing way shown any benefit in clavicula fractures. In part because most patients have good bone quality where conventional screws will be sufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sune Larsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopedics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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25
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Baltes TPA, Donders JCE, Kloen P. What is the hardware removal rate after anteroinferior plating of the clavicle? A retrospective cohort study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2017; 26:1838-1843. [PMID: 28478898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plate position in the operative treatment of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures or nonunions is most often on the superior side. However, superior clavicular plating often results in complaints of plate prominence and local soft tissue irritation, necessitating hardware removal. We have used anteroinferior placement of the plate in the hope of increasing biomechanical stability and fixation and also of lowering complaints of plate prominence and soft tissue irritation. In this report, we set out to study the percentage of hardware removal in our group of patients treated with anteroinferior plating of the clavicle after long-term follow-up. METHODS In this retrospective review, we evaluated all patients who were surgically treated with anteroinferior plating for midshaft clavicle fracture, delayed union, or nonunion by the senior author between February 2003 and July 2015. Patients required a minimum age of 16 years at time of surgery and a follow-up of >12 months. Patients with malunion, plating on the superior aspect, or double plating were excluded. RESULTS The medical records of 53 patients (54 fractures) were reviewed after a mean follow-up duration of 6.4 years (range, 1.1-13.1). The mean age at follow-up was 47.8 years (range, 20.4-80.7). All fractures and nonunions healed. In only 3 cases (5.6%), hardware removal was requested by the patient because of plate prominence. CONCLUSIONS Anteroinferior plating of midshaft clavicle fractures, delayed unions, and nonunions resulted in low hardware removal rates in our cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P A Baltes
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Johanna C E Donders
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Orthopaedic Trauma Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Kloen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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26
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Lädermann A, Abrassart S, Denard PJ, Tirefort J, Nowak A, Schwitzguebel AJ. Functional recovery following early mobilization after middle third clavicle osteosynthesis for acute fractures or nonunion: A case-control study. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2017; 103:885-889. [PMID: 28552824 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Good outcomes have been reported after surgical treatment for acute or nonunion of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures. However, the postoperative rehabilitation and timeline for a complete functional recovery are poorly documented. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of an immediate motion protocol following plate fixation of a midshaft clavicle fracture and to compare functional recovery between acute and nonunion cases. METHODS Between October 2011 and July 2015, all patients above the age of 18, having either an acute or a nonunion of the midshaft clavicle fracture, were considered as potentially eligible for inclusion in this prospective case-control study. Postoperatively, no immobilization was recommended and patients were to undergo rehabilitation protocol consisting of hourly stretching. RESULTS Forty-two patients were included (31 with acute and 11 with delayed fixation) at a mean follow-up of 33months (range, 12 to 78months). Surgical complications consisted of one transient frozen shoulder, one delayed union, and two superficial infections. All patients returned to work, retrieved full shoulder range of motion (ROM), and returned to heavy sports and activities. Function returned faster in the acute group compared to the nonunion group based on the SANE score at 2weeks (73±21 vs. 45±26 respectively, P=0.01), SANE score at 6weeks (89±15 vs. 66±23 respectively, P=0.01), SANE score at 3months (96±10 vs. 85±14 respectively, P=0.03), and based on return of full ROM (17±25 vs. 44±31 days respectively, P=0.01). A trend was observed for nonunion cases needing more time to return to work and sports activities. CONCLUSION Functional outcome is excellent following the treatment of both acute and non-united clavicle fractures, but recovery occurs earlier following acute treatment. An early mobilization rehab protocol can be safely recommended for both types of conditions and may result in substantial healthcare cost-savings, without increasing complication rate and decreasing patient satisfaction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III; case-control study; treatment study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lädermann
- Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, La Tour Hospital, rue J.-D.-Maillard 3, 1217 Meyrin, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland.
| | - S Abrassart
- Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, La Tour Hospital, rue J.-D.-Maillard 3, 1217 Meyrin, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - P J Denard
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Southern Oregon Orthopedics, Medford, Oregon, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - J Tirefort
- Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, La Tour Hospital, rue J.-D.-Maillard 3, 1217 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - A Nowak
- Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, La Tour Hospital, rue J.-D.-Maillard 3, 1217 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - A J Schwitzguebel
- Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, La Tour Hospital, rue J.-D.-Maillard 3, 1217 Meyrin, Switzerland
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27
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Anterior-Inferior Plating Results in Fewer Secondary Interventions Compared to Superior Plating for Acute Displaced Midshaft Clavicle Fractures. J Orthop Trauma 2017; 31:468-471. [PMID: 28548997 DOI: 10.1097/bot.0000000000000856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether a difference in plate position for fixation of acute, displaced, midshaft clavicle fractures would affect the rate of secondary intervention. DESIGN Retrospective Comparative Study. SETTING Two academic Level 1 Regional Trauma Centers. PATIENTS Five hundred ten patients treated surgically for an acutely displaced midshaft clavicle fracture between 2000 and 2013 were identified and reviewed retrospectively at a minimum of 24 months follow-up (F/U). Fractures were divided into 2 cohorts, according to plate position: Anterior-Inferior (AI) or Superior (S). Exclusion criteria included age <16 years, incomplete data records, and loss to F/U. Group analysis included demographics (age, sex, body mass index), fracture characteristics (mechanism of injury, open or closed), hand dominance, ipsilateral injuries, time between injury to surgery, time to radiographic union, length of F/U, and frequency of secondary procedures. INTERVENTION Patients were treated either with AI or S clavicle plating at the treating surgeon's discretion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Rate and reason for secondary intervention. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Fisher exact test, t test. and odds ratio were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Final analysis included 252 fractures/251 patients. One hundred eighteen (47%) were in group AI; 134 (53%) were in group S. No differences in demographics, fracture characteristics, time to surgery, time to union, or length of F/U existed between groups. Seven patients/7 fractures (5.9%) in Group AI underwent a secondary surgery whereas 30 patients/30 fractures (22.3%) in group S required a secondary surgery. An additional intervention secondary to superior plate placement was highly statistically significant (P < 0.001). Furthermore, because 80% of these subsequent interventions were a result of plate irritation with patient discomfort, the odds ratio for a second procedure was 5 times greater in those fractures treated with a superior plate. CONCLUSIONS This comparative analysis indicates that AI plating of midshaft clavicle fractures seems to lessen clinical irritation and results in significantly fewer secondary interventions. Considering patient satisfaction and a reduced financial burden to the health care system, we recommend routine AI plate application when open reduction internal fixation of the clavicle is indicated. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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28
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Midshaft Fractures of the Clavicle: A Meta-analysis Comparing Surgical Fixation Using Anteroinferior Plating Versus Superior Plating. J Orthop Trauma 2017; 31:461-467. [PMID: 28708779 DOI: 10.1097/bot.0000000000000936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the outcomes of clavicle fracture fixation using anteroinferior versus superior plate placement. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis of studies that have reported on outcomes after superior or anteroinferior plate fixation for acute midshaft clavicle fractures (Orthopaedic Trauma Association 15-B). A computerized literature search in the Pubmed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases was used to identify relevant articles. Only full text articles without language restrictions were evaluated. The inclusion criteria consisted of: (1) fracture of the midshaft clavicle; (2) surgery for acute fractures (within 1 month of the fracture); (3) adult patients (16 years of age and older); and (4) open reduction and internal fixation with plate application in either the anteroinferior or superior position. Studies were excluded if they did not specify plate location, evaluated multitrauma patients, investigated minimally invasive procedures, or studied operations for revision, nonunion, malunion, or infection. The primary measured outcomes were symptomatic hardware (implant prominence or irritation) and surgery for implant removal. The secondary outcomes were time to union, fracture union, nonunion, malunion, Disabilies of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score, Constant score, and implant failure. Frequencies and proportions of cases were recorded for binary outcomes, whereas mean and standard deviations were recorded for continuous outcomes. Other summary statistics provided were used to impute mean and standard deviations under the assumption of normality when these were not reported. Continuous outcomes were compared between groups using linear mixed effects models, whereas binary outcomes were compared using mixed effects logistic regression models, including fixed group effects and random study effects. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. All analyses were performed using SAS v. 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC). RESULTS A total of 1428 articles were identified among the 3 databases, of which 897 remained after removing duplicates. From that pool, 57 relevant studies were evaluated. Articles were excluded because of an inability to specify plate location (6), a subject pool not exclusively consisting of acute fractures (4) or midshaft fractures (2), a minimally invasive surgical approach (6), use of nonstandard plates (1), poor reporting of functional outcomes (2), and a duplicate group of patients (2). This left 34 articles to be used in the meta-analysis. Of these, 8 studies reported on patients with anteroinferior plating (N = 390) and 27 studies reported on patients with superior plating (N = 1104). No significant differences were found with respect to the functional shoulder scores (Disabilies of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand and Constant) between the 2 groups. There was no significant difference between each group for the probability of having a union (P = 0.41), malunion (P = 0.28), nonunion (0.29), or implant failure (P = 0.39). Patients in the superior plating group had a significantly higher probability of suffering from symptomatic hardware (0.17) as compared to patients in the anteroinferior plating group (0.08), (P = 0.005). In addition, the superior plating group had a significantly higher rate of surgery for implant removal (0.11 vs. 0.05), (P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this investigation demonstrate that plating along the superior and anteroinferior aspects of the clavicle lead to similar operative outcomes with respect to union, nonunion, malunion, and implant failure, as well as similar functional outcomes scores. Plates applied to the superior aspect of the clavicle are associated with higher rates of symptomatic hardware and more frequent implant removal. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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29
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Ai J, Kan SL, Li HL, Xu H, Liu Y, Ning GZ, Feng SQ. Anterior inferior plating versus superior plating for clavicle fracture: a meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017; 18:159. [PMID: 28420364 PMCID: PMC5395806 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1517-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The position of plate fixation for clavicle fracture remains controversial. Our objective was to perform a comprehensive review of the literature and quantify the surgical parameters and clinical indexes between the anterior inferior plating and superior plating for clavicle fracture. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomized and non-randomized studies that compared the anterior inferior plating with the superior plating for clavicle fracture. The relative risk or standardized mean difference with 95% confidence interval was calculated using either a fixed- or random-effects model. Results Four randomized controlled trials and eight observational studies were identified to compare the surgical parameters and clinical indexes. For the surgical parameters, the anterior inferior plating group was better than the superior plating group in operation time and blood loss (P < 0.05). Furthermore, in terms of clinical indexes, the anterior inferior plating was superior to the superior plating in reducing the union time, and the two kinds of plate fixation methods were comparable in constant score, and the rate of infection, nonunion, and complications (P > 0.05). Conclusions Based on the current evidence, the anterior inferior plating may reduce the blood loss, the operation and union time, but no differences were observed in constant score, and the rate of infection, nonunion, and complications between the two groups. Given that some of the studies have low quality, more randomized controlled trails with high quality should be conduct to further verify the findings. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12891-017-1517-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ai
- Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Yuci People's Hospital, 262 Jingwei Road, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, 030600, China
| | - Shun-Li Kan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Hai-Liang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Guang-Zhi Ning
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Shi-Qing Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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