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Solela G, Yimer YS. Clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes of hospitalized patients with acute heart failure in central Ethiopia: a retrospective observational study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:241. [PMID: 38773412 PMCID: PMC11110373 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03905-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute heart failure is the rapid onset of new or worsening symptoms and signs of heart failure. Despite the increasing burden of heart failure in developing countries like Ethiopia, there is a paucity of comprehensive data regarding the clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes of acute heart failure, especially in the selected study area. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes of hospitalized patients with acute heart failure at Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHODS This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of 303 acute heart failure patients who were admitted to the medical wards and intensive care unit of Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College, Addis Ababa, central Ethiopia, from July 1, 2022, to July 1, 2023. A pretested data abstraction format was used for data extraction from electronic medical records, and SPSS version 26 was used for data analysis. Descriptive analysis was used to summarize sociodemographic data, clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes of acute heart failure. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to identify factors associated with in-hospital mortality. The odds ratio (OR) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to show the strength of the association. RESULTS Of the 303 patients, 51.5% were females, and the mean age was 56.7 years. The most frequent symptom and sign were dyspnea (98.7%) and peripheral edema (79%), respectively. The commonest underlying cause and precipitating factor of acute heart failure were cor pulmonale (22.8%) and pneumonia (35.3%), respectively. The commonest anti-remodeling medications prescribed on discharge were beta-blockers (47.9%), followed by mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (42.8%) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (38.6%), and the least prescribed were sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (8.3%). The in-hospital mortality rate was 8.6%, and the median length of hospital stay was 9 days. Based on the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the most important predictors of in-hospital mortality were systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 115 mmHg (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 6.28; 95% CI: 1.99, 19.78), chloride level < 96 mg/dL (AOR = 4.88; 95% CI: 1.30, 18.33), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) > 20 mg/dl (AOR = 5.48; 95% CI: 1.47, 20.49), and presence of dyslipidemia (AOR = 3.73, 95% CI: 1.15, 12.07). CONCLUSIONS This study has shown that systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 115 mmHg, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) > 20 mg/dL, chloride (Cl) level < 96 mg/dL, and the presence of dyslipidemia were statistically significant factors associated with in-hospital mortality among patients with acute heart failure. Hence, healthcare providers should stratify patients with acute heart failure upon admission based on their risk of in-hospital mortality and address those potential negative prognostic indicators accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gashaw Solela
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Yimer Seid Yimer
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Elalem EG, Jelani M, Khedr A, Ahmad A, Alaama TY, Alaama MN, Al-Kreathy HM, Damanhouri ZA. Association of cytochromes P450 3A4*22 and 3A5*3 genotypes and polymorphism with response to simvastatin in hypercholesterolemia patients. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0260824. [PMID: 35839255 PMCID: PMC9286239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Inter-individual variability in response to statin was mainly due to genetic differences. This study aimed to investigate the association of CYP3A4*22 (rs35599367), CYP3A5*3 (rs776746) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with response to simvastatin in hypercholesterolemia patients conducted at King Abdulaziz University hospital (KAUH) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 274 participants were registered in the current study. Hypercholesterolemic patients taking simvastatin 20 mg (n = 148) and control subjects (n = 126) were tested for rs35599367 and rs776746 genotypes using Custom Taqman ® Assay Probes. Response to simvastatin in these patients was assessed by determination of low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) and by measuring statin plasma levels using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). RESULTS None of the participants carried a homozygous CYP3A4*22 mutant genotype, while 12 (4.4%) individuals had a heterozygous genotype and 262 (95.6%) had a wild homozygous genotype. The CYP3A5*3 allele was detected in the homozygous mutant form in 16 (5.8%) individuals, while 74 (27.0%) individuals carried the heterozygous genotype and 184 (67.2%) carried the wildtype homozygous genotype. Of the patient group, 15 (11%) were classified as intermediate metabolizers (IMs) and 133 (89%) as extensive metabolizers (EMs). Plasma simvastatin concentrations for the combined CYP3A4/5 genotypes were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the IMs group than in the EMs group. TC and plasma LDL-C levels were also significantly (P<0.05) higher in IMs than in EMs. CONCLUSION The present study showed associations between CYP3A4*22 (rs35599367) and CYP3A5*3 (rs776746) SNP combination genotypes with response to statins in hypercholesterolemia. Patients who had either a mutant homozygous allele for CYP3A5*3 or mutant homozygous and heterozygous alleles for CYP3A4*22 showed increased response to lower TC and LDL-C levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elbatool G. Elalem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musharraf Jelani
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Princess Al-Jawhara Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Khedr
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Health Information Technology Department, Jeddah Community College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tareef Y. Alaama
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Nabeel Alaama
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda M. Al-Kreathy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zoheir A. Damanhouri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Aljawadi MH, Khoja AT, Alaboud NM, AlEnazi ME, Al-Shammari SA, Khoja TA, AlMuqbil MS, Alsheikh AM, Alwhaibi M. Prevalence of Polypharmacy and Factors Associated with it among Saudi Older Adults – Results from the Saudi National Survey for Elderly Health (SNSEH). Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:230-236. [PMID: 35498218 PMCID: PMC9051952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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AlHabeeb W, Al-Ayoubi F, AlGhalayini K, Al Ghofaili F, Al Hebaishi Y, Al-Jazairi A, Al-Mallah MH, AlMasood A, Al Qaseer M, Al-Saif S, Chaudhary A, Elasfar A, Tash A, Arafa M, Hassan W. Saudi Heart Association (SHA) guidelines for the management of heart failure. J Saudi Heart Assoc 2019; 31:204-253. [PMID: 31371908 PMCID: PMC6660461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsha.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and negatively impacts quality of life, healthcare costs, and longevity. Although data on HF in the Arab population are scarce, recently developed regional registries are a step forward to evaluating the quality of current patient care and providing an overview of the clinical picture. Despite the burden of HF in Saudi Arabia, there are currently no standardized protocols or guidelines for the management of patients with acute or chronic heart failure. Therefore, the Heart Failure Expert Committee, comprising 13 local specialists representing both public and private sectors, has developed guidelines to address the needs and challenges for the diagnosis and treatment of HF in Saudi Arabia. The ultimate aim of these guidelines is to assist healthcare professionals in delivering optimal care and standardized clinical practice across Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed AlHabeeb
- Cardiac Sciences Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia
- Corresponding author at: Cardiac Sciences Department, King Saud University, P.O. Box 7805, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fakhr Al-Ayoubi
- King Fahad Cardiac Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia
| | - Kamal AlGhalayini
- King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Al Ghofaili
- King Salman Heart Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdulrazaq Al-Jazairi
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia
| | - Mouaz H. Al-Mallah
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center, Ministry of National Guard, Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia
| | - Ali AlMasood
- Riyadh Care Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia
| | - Maryam Al Qaseer
- King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia
| | - Shukri Al-Saif
- Saud Al-Babtain Cardiac Center, Dammam, Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia
| | - Ammar Chaudhary
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia
| | - Abdelfatah Elasfar
- Madina Cardiac Center, AlMadina AlMonaoarah, Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia
- Cardiology Department, Tanta University, EgyptEgypt
| | - Adel Tash
- Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Arafa
- Cardiac Sciences Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia
| | - Walid Hassan
- International Medical Center, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia
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Ahmed AE, ALMuqbil BI, Alrajhi MN, Almazroa HR, AlBuraikan DA, Albaijan MA, Nasim M, Alsalamah MA, McClish DK, AL-Jahdali H. Emergency department 72-hour revisits among children with chronic diseases: a Saudi Arabian study. BMC Pediatr 2018; 18:205. [PMID: 29945589 PMCID: PMC6020430 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-018-1186-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emergency Department (ED) revisits have often been used as an indicator of medical care quality. This study aimed to quantify the frequency of ED revisits within 72 h of discharge and identify its factors among children with chronic diseases. METHODS We designed a retrospective cohort study of children with at least one chronic disease who were also under 18 years of age and had attended and were discharged from the ED at King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital (KASCH-RD), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between April 19, 2015 and July 29, 2017. The outcome measure was the frequency of ED revisits during a period of 72 h after discharge. RESULTS The study included 11,057 ED discharges of children with at least one chronic disease. Their revisit rate was 1211 (11%), with 83 (6.9%) having had a second ED revisit within 72 h of ED discharge. According to ICD-10 codes, the most common causes of ED revisits were respiratory, digestive, genitourinary, symptoms, and external causes. Factors of frequent ED revisits within 72 h were young age, institutional health insurance coverage, year of new health information system (2015), external causes, and genitourinary. CONCLUSION The rate of 72-h ED revisits after discharge of children with chronic diseases treated at KASCH-RD was relatively high, and was associated with young age, institutional health insurance coverage, year of a new health information system implementation, and external causes of ED visit. These study findings amplify the need for intervention to reduce the rate of early ED revisits among children with chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar E. Ahmed
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426 Saudi Arabia
- Pulmonary Division Medical Director of sleep disorders, Center King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bashayr I. ALMuqbil
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426 Saudi Arabia
| | - Manair N. Alrajhi
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hend R. Almazroa
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426 Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa A. AlBuraikan
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426 Saudi Arabia
| | - Monirah A. Albaijan
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maliha Nasim
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid A. Alsalamah
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426 Saudi Arabia
| | - Donna K. McClish
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 980032, Richmond, VA 23298 USA
| | - Hamdan AL-Jahdali
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426 Saudi Arabia
- McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Pulmonary Division Medical Director of sleep disorders, Center King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Jiao Y, Zhang M, Wang S, Yan C. Consumption of guava may have beneficial effects in type 2 diabetes: A bioactive perspective. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 101:543-552. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Jiao Y, Wang X, Jiang X, Kong F, Wang S, Yan C. Antidiabetic effects of Morus alba fruit polysaccharides on high-fat diet- and streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 199:119-127. [PMID: 28163112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is becoming a serious threat to human health. The fruit of Morus alba L. is widely used as a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of DM, dizziness, tinnitus, insomnia, and premature graying, as well as to protect the liver and kidneys. Several studies have demonstrated that the aqueous extracts of the roots bark, leaves, and ramuli of mulberry, which are known to contain polyphenols and polysaccharides, have antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities. The aim of the present study was to further investigate the active polysaccharides from M. alba fruit by evaluating the antidiabetic activities of different fractions on T2DM rats and elucidate the mechanism underlying these activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetic rats were treated with two fractions of M. alba fruit polysaccharides (MFP50 and MFP90). The disease models were induced by a high-fat diet and low dose injection of streptozotocin and were compared to normal rats and metformin-treated diabetic rats. After seven weeks, the fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), fasting serum insulin (FINS) levels, homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), glycated serum protein (GSP), and serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels, as well as serum lipid profiles and histopathological changes in the pancreas were measured. Next, the expressions of the insulin signaling pathway were measured by western blot analysis to elucidate the potential mechanism underlying these antidiabetic activities. RESULTS After seven weeks of treatment, a significant reduction in the FBG levels, OGTT-area under the curve (OGTT-AUC), FINS, HOMA-IR, ALT, and triglyceride (TG) values of the MFP50 group was observed. On the other hand, in the MFP90 group, the FBG, OGTT-AUC, FINS, HOMA-IR, GSP, and TG levels were significantly reduced. The level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and the proportion of HDL-c to total cholesterol (TC) significantly increased in the MFP50 group. Moreover, MFP50 and MFP90 induced repair of damaged pancreatic tissues of the diabetic rats. The hypoglycemic effect of MFP50 was more stable than MFP90, whereas the hypolipidemic effect of MFP90 was slightly better than MFP50. Moreover, the expression levels of InsR, IRS-2, Akt and GLUT4 in the MFP90 group significantly increased relative to that of the T2DM group. CONCLUSIONS MFP50 and MFP90 have markedly antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects and can clearly relieve diabetes symptoms in the T2DM rat model. The M. alba fruit polysaccharides may potentially be utilized as an effective treatment for T2DM. Further research into the structures of active M. alba fruit polysaccharides and their mechanisms in promoting antidiabetic effects are underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Jiao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, China; Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xueqian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiang Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fansheng Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shumei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, China; Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chunyan Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, China; Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, China.
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