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McGraw IT, Wilson EE, Behfar A, Paradise CR, Rohrich RJ, Wyles SP. Evolving Role of Exosomes in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Dermatology. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2024; 12:e6061. [PMID: 39157711 PMCID: PMC11326466 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000006061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes, or extracellular vesicles, represent the latest cell-free addition to the regenerative medicine toolkit. In vitro preclinical studies have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of exosomes, which vary based on source and biomanufacturing, for a myriad of potential therapeutic applications relevant to skin and soft tissue reconstruction. Primary search was performed in September 2021 on the MEDLINE database via PubMed and Ovid, with focus on articles about therapeutic application of exosomes or extracellular vesicles. In total, 130 articles met criteria for applicability, including early-stage clinical trials, preclinical research studies with in vivo application, and articles applicable to plastic and reconstructive surgery and dermatology. Most studies used animal models of human disease processes, using either animal donor cells to isolate exosomes, or human donor cells in animal models. Exosome technology has catapulted as an acellular therapeutic vehicle with off-the-shelf accessibility. These features eliminate prior threshold for broad adoption of regenerative cell-based therapies into surgical and medical practice. To date, there are no exosome products approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. This review highlights exosomes as the new frontier in regenerative medicine and outlines its preclinical therapeutic applications for cutaneous repair and restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian T. McGraw
- From the Division of Plastic Surgery Baylor Scott and White, Temple, Tex
| | | | - Atta Behfar
- Division of Circulatory Failure, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
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Lember LM, Ntikas M, Mondello S, Wilson L, Di Virgilio TG, Hunter AM, Kobeissy F, Mechref Y, Donaldson DI, Ietswaart M. The Use of Biofluid Markers to Evaluate the Consequences of Sport-Related Subconcussive Head Impact Exposure: A Scoping Review. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2024; 10:12. [PMID: 38270708 PMCID: PMC10811313 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00665-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amidst growing concern about the safety of sport-related repetitive subconcussive head impacts (RSHI), biofluid markers may provide sensitive, informative, and practical assessment of the effects of RSHI exposure. OBJECTIVE This scoping review aimed to systematically examine the extent, nature, and quality of available evidence from studies investigating the effects of RSHI on biofluid markers, to identify gaps and to formulate guidelines to inform future research. METHODS PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines were adhered to. The protocol was pre-registered through publication. MEDLINE, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, OpenGrey, and two clinical trial registries were searched (until March 30, 2022) using descriptors for subconcussive head impacts, biomarkers, and contact sports. Included studies were assessed for risk of bias and quality. RESULTS Seventy-nine research publications were included in the review. Forty-nine studies assessed the acute effects, 23 semi-acute and 26 long-term effects of RSHI exposure. The most studied sports were American football, boxing, and soccer, and the most investigated markers were (in descending order): S100 calcium-binding protein beta (S100B), tau, neurofilament light (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), phosphorylated tau (p-tau), ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), and hormones. High or moderate bias was found in most studies, and marker-specific conclusions were subject to heterogeneous and limited evidence. Although the evidence is weak, some biofluid markers-such as NfL-appeared to show promise. More markedly, S100B was found to be problematic when evaluating the effects of RSHI in sport. CONCLUSION Considering the limitations of the evidence base revealed by this first review dedicated to systematically scoping the evidence of biofluid marker levels following RSHI exposure, the field is evidently still in its infancy. As a result, any recommendation and application is premature. Although some markers show promise for the assessment of brain health following RSHI exposure, future large standardized and better-controlled studies are needed to determine biofluid markers' utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liivia-Mari Lember
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Michail Ntikas
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
- The School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Stefania Mondello
- Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Lindsay Wilson
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Thomas G Di Virgilio
- Physiology Exercise and Nutrition Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Angus M Hunter
- Physiology Exercise and Nutrition Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
- Department of Sports Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Center for Neurotrauma, Department of Neurobiology and Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine (MSM), Multiomics & Biomarkers, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - David I Donaldson
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St. Andrews, UK
| | - Magdalena Ietswaart
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.
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Wang H, Ye X, Spanos M, Wang H, Yang Z, Li G, Xiao J, Zhou L. Exosomal Non-Coding RNA Mediates Macrophage Polarization: Roles in Cardiovascular Diseases. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:745. [PMID: 37237557 PMCID: PMC10215119 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) or exosomes are nanosized extracellular particles that contain proteins, DNA, non-coding RNA (ncRNA) and other molecules, which are widely present in biofluids throughout the body. As a key mediator of intercellular communication, EVs transfer their cargoes to target cells and activate signaling transduction. Increasing evidence shows that ncRNA is involved in a variety of pathological and physiological processes through various pathways, particularly the inflammatory response. Macrophage, one of the body's "gatekeepers", plays a crucial role in inflammatory reactions. Generally, macrophages can be classified as pro-inflammatory type (M1) or anti-inflammatory type (M2) upon their phenotypes, a phenomenon termed macrophage polarization. Increasing evidence indicates that the polarization of macrophages plays important roles in the progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, the role of exosomal ncRNA in regulating macrophage polarization and the role of polarized macrophages as an important source of EV in CVD remains to be elucidated. In this review, we summarize the role and molecular mechanisms of exosomal-ncRNA in regulating macrophage polarization during CVD development, focusing on their cellular origins, functional cargo, and their detailed effects on macrophage polarization. We also discuss the role of polarized macrophages and their derived EV in CVD as well as the therapeutic prospects of exosomal ncRNA in the treatment of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Wang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 333 Nan Chen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
- Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China
| | - Xuan Ye
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 333 Nan Chen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Michail Spanos
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Huanxin Wang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 333 Nan Chen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zijiang Yang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 333 Nan Chen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 333 Nan Chen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
- Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
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Wang H, Yang Z, Ai S, Xiao J. Updated Methods of Extracellular Vesicles Isolation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1418:3-14. [PMID: 37603269 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-1443-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are considered as cargo and mediate intercellular communication. As natural biological nanoparticles, EVs can be secreted by almost all kinds of cells and exist in biofluids such as milk, urine, blood, etc. In the past decades, several methods have been utilized to isolate EVs from cell culture medium, biofluids, and tissues. Here in this chapter, we summarized conventional and novel methods and fundamental procedures of EVs extraction and purification from different biofluids (plasma, urine, milk, and saliva) and tissues (brain, intestinal tissue, muscles, and heart). The present section also discusses how to choose appropriate methods to extract EVs from tissues based on downstream analysis. This chapter will expand the horizons of EVs isolation and purification from different mediums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Wang
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zijiang Yang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Songwei Ai
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
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Yu P, Deng S, Yuan X, Pan J, Xu J. Extracellular Vesicles and Vascular Inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1418:105-117. [PMID: 37603275 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-1443-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Vascular inflammation is the most common pathological feature in the pathogenesis of human disease. It is a complex immune process involved with many different types of cells including platelet, monocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, and others. It is widely accepted that both innate and adaptive immune responses are important for the initiation and progression of vascular inflammation. The cell-cell interaction constitutes an important aspect of those immune responses in the vascular inflammation. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanometer-sized double-layer lipid membrane vesicles released from most types of cells. They have been proved to play critical roles in intercellular communication in the occurrence and development of multisystem diseases. With the advancement of basal medical science, the biological roles of EVs in vascular inflammation have been clearer today. In this chapter, we will summarize the advance progress of extracellular vesicles in regulating vascular inflammation and its potential application in the clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pujiao Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Gongli Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengqiong Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Gongli Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Gongli Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangqi Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Gongli Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Gongli Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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Hicks SD, Leddy J, Lichak BP, Onks C, Dretsch M, Tennant P, Haider MN, Olympia RP, Zuckerman SL, Loeffert J, Loeffert AC, Monteith C, Master CL. Defining Biological Phenotypes of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Using Saliva MicroRNA Profiles. J Neurotrauma 2022; 39:923-934. [PMID: 35412857 PMCID: PMC9248343 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Concussion is a heterogeneous injury that relies predominantly on subjective symptom reports for patient assessment and treatment. Developing an objective, biological test could aid phenotypic categorization of concussion patients, leading to advances in personalized treatment. This prospective multi-center study employed saliva micro-ribonucleic acid (miRNA) levels to stratify 251 individuals with concussion into biological subgroups. Using miRNA biological clusters, our objective was to assess for differences in medical/demographic characteristics, symptoms, and functional measures of balance and cognition. The miRNAs that best defined each cluster were used to identify physiological pathways that characterized each cluster. The 251 participants (mean age: 18 ± 7 years; 57% male) were optimally grouped into 10 clusters based on 22 miRNA levels. The clusters differed in age (χ2 = 19.1, p = 0.024), days post-injury at the time of saliva collection (χ2 = 22.6; p = 0.007), and number of prior concussions (χ2 = 17.6, p = 0.040). The clusters also differed in symptom reports for fatigue (χ2 = 17.7; p = 0.039), confusion (χ2 = 22.3; p = 0.008), difficulty remembering (χ2 = 22.0; p = 0.009), and trouble falling asleep (χ2 = 17.2; p = 0.046), but not objective balance or cognitive performance (p > 0.05). The miRNAs that defined concussion clusters regulate 16 physiological pathways, including adrenergic signaling, estrogen signaling, fatty acid metabolism, GABAergic signaling, synaptic vesicle cycling, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling. These results show that saliva miRNA levels may stratify individuals with concussion based on underlying biological perturbations that are relevant to both symptomology and pharmacological targets. If validated in a larger cohort, miRNA assessment could aid individualized, biology-driven concussion treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D. Hicks
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John Leddy
- Department of Sports Medicine, SUNY Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Brooke P. Lichak
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cayce Onks
- Department of Family Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael Dretsch
- US Army Medical Research Directorate-West, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington, USA
| | | | - Mohammad Nadir Haider
- Department of Sports Medicine, SUNY Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Robert P. Olympia
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Scott L. Zuckerman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jayson Loeffert
- Department of Family Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrea C. Loeffert
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chuck Monteith
- Department of Sports Medicine, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, USA
| | - Christina L. Master
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Xiao YC, Wang W, Gao Y, Li WY, Tan X, Wang YK, Wang WZ. The Peripheral Circulating Exosomal microRNAs Related to Central Inflammation in Chronic Heart Failure. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022; 15:500-513. [PMID: 35501543 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sympathetic hyperactivity plays an important role in the progression of chronic heart failure (CHF). It is reported that inflammation in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), a key region for sympathetic control, excites the activity of neurons and leads to an increase in sympathetic outflow. Exosome, as the carrier of microRNAs (miRNAs), has the function of crossing the blood-brain barrier. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of exosomal miRNAs on central inflammation via peripheral-central interaction in CHF. The miRNA microarray detection was performed to compare the difference between circulating exosomes and the RVLM in CHF rats. It was shown that the expression of miR-214-3p was significantly up-regulated, whereas let-7g-5p and let-7i-5p were significantly down-regulated in circulating exosomes and the RVLM. Further studies in PC12 cells revealed that miR-214-3p enhanced the inflammatory response, while let-7g-5p and let-7i-5p reduced the neuroinflammation. The direct interaction between the miRNA and its inflammatory target gene (miR-214-3p, Traf3; let-7g-5p, Smad2; and let-7i-5p, Mapk6) was confirmed by the dual-luciferase reporter assay. These results suggest that the circulating exosomes participate in the enhancement of inflammatory response in the RVLM through their packaged miRNAs, which may further contribute to sympathetic hyperactivity in CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Xiao
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wan-Yang Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xing Tan
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yang-Kai Wang
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Wei-Zhong Wang
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Sandmo SB, Matyasova K, Filipcik P, Cente M, Koerte IK, Pasternak O, Andersen TE, Straume-Næsheim TM, Bahr R, Jurisica I. Changes in circulating microRNAs following head impacts in soccer. Brain Inj 2022; 36:560-571. [PMID: 35172120 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2022.2034042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the short-term effects of accidental head impacts and repetitive headers on circulating microRNAs, accounting for the effects of high-intensity exercise alone. METHODS Blood samples were collected from professional soccer players at rest. Repeat samples were drawn 1 h and 12 h after three conditions: (1) accidental head impacts in a match, (2) repetitive headers during training, and (3) high-intensity exercise. 89 samples were screened to detect microRNAs expressed after each exposure. Identified microRNAs were then validated in 98 samples to determine consistently deregulated microRNAs. Deregulated microRNAs were further explored using bioinformatics to identify target genes and characterize their involvement in biological pathways. RESULTS Accidental head impacts led to deregulation of eight microRNAs that were unaffected by high-intensity exercise; target genes were linked to 12 specific signaling pathways, primarily regulating chromatin organization, Hedgehog and Wnt signaling. Repetitive headers led to deregulation of six microRNAs that were unaffected by high-intensity exercise; target genes were linked to one specific signaling pathway (TGF-β). High-intensity exercise led to deregulation of seven microRNAs; target genes were linked to 31 specific signaling pathways. CONCLUSION We identified microRNAs specific to accidental head impacts and repetitive headers in soccer, potentially being useful as brain injury biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stian Bahr Sandmo
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katarina Matyasova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Filipcik
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Cente
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Inga Katharina Koerte
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ofer Pasternak
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thor Einar Andersen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Truls Martin Straume-Næsheim
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Haugesund Rheumatism Hospital, Haugesund, Norway
| | - Roald Bahr
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Igor Jurisica
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Shuler KT, Wilson BE, Muñoz ER, Mitchell AD, Selsby JT, Hudson MB. Muscle Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Reverse Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Mouse Myotubes. Cells 2020; 9:E2544. [PMID: 33256005 PMCID: PMC7760380 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) hold great potential as a regenerative therapeutic but have met numerous challenges in treating systemic muscle diseases. Muscle stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MuSC-EVs) may overcome these limitations. We assessed the number and size distribution of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by MuSCs ex vivo, determined the extent to which MuSC-EVs deliver molecular cargo to myotubes in vitro, and quantified MuSC-EV-mediated restoration of mitochondrial function following oxidative injury. MuSCs released an abundance of EVs in culture. MuSC-EVs delivered protein cargo into myotubes within 2 h of incubation. Fluorescent labeling of intracellular mitochondria showed co-localization of delivered protein and mitochondria. Oxidatively injured myotubes demonstrated a significant decline in maximal oxygen consumption rate and spare respiratory capacity relative to untreated myotubes. Remarkably, subsequent treatment with MuSC-EVs significantly improved maximal oxygen consumption rate and spare respiratory capacity relative to the myotubes that were damaged but received no subsequent treatment. Surprisingly, MuSC-EVs did not affect mitochondrial function in undamaged myotubes, suggesting the cargo delivered is able to repair but does not expand the existing mitochondrial network. These data demonstrate that MuSC-EVs rapidly deliver proteins into myotubes, a portion of which co-localizes with mitochondria, and reverses mitochondria dysfunction in oxidatively-damaged myotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T. Shuler
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, 540 S College Ave, Newark, DE 19713, USA; (K.T.S.); (B.E.W.); (E.R.M.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Brittany E. Wilson
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, 540 S College Ave, Newark, DE 19713, USA; (K.T.S.); (B.E.W.); (E.R.M.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Eric R. Muñoz
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, 540 S College Ave, Newark, DE 19713, USA; (K.T.S.); (B.E.W.); (E.R.M.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Andrew D. Mitchell
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, 540 S College Ave, Newark, DE 19713, USA; (K.T.S.); (B.E.W.); (E.R.M.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Joshua T. Selsby
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, 2356G Kildee Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Matthew B. Hudson
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, 540 S College Ave, Newark, DE 19713, USA; (K.T.S.); (B.E.W.); (E.R.M.); (A.D.M.)
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