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Alqurashi YD, Alqarni AS, Albukhamsin FM, Alfaris AA, Alhassan BI, Ghazwani WK, Altammar AA, Aleid ME, Almutary H, Aldhahir AM, Alessy SA, Almusally R, Alsaid A, Mahmoud MI, Qutub HO, Sebastian T, Alghnam S, Polkey MI. Gender Differences in Prevalence of Sleepy Driving Among Young Drivers in Saudi Arabia. Nat Sci Sleep 2024; 16:53-62. [PMID: 38322016 PMCID: PMC10844006 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s439161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sleepy driving is associated with Motor Vehicles Accidents (MVAs). In Saudi Arabia, previous studies have addressed this association among men only. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of sleepy driving and associated factors between genders. Methods In a cross-sectional study design, we offered a self-administered online questionnaire to 3272 participants from different regions of Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire included 46 questions covering sociodemographics, driving habits, sleeping habits, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and Berlin questionnaire to assess the risk of sleep apnea. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to determine the significant factors associated with self-reported sleepy driving, defined as operating a motor vehicle while feeling sleepy in the preceding six months. Results Of the 3272 invitees, 2958 (90%) completed the questionnaire, of which 1414 (48%) were women. The prevalence of sleepy driving in the preceding six months was 42% (men: 50% and women 32%, p<0.001). Specifically, participants reported the following: 12% had had to stop their vehicle due to sleepiness (men: 16.2% and women 7%, p<0.001), 12.4% reported near-miss accidents (men: 16.2% and women: 8.2%, p<0.001) and 4.2% reported an accident due to sleepiness (men: 4.3% and women: 4%, p=0.645). In multivariable analysis, being male, younger age, use of any type of medications, shift working, working more than 12 hours per day, driving duration of 3-5 hours per day, driving experience of more than 2 years, excessive daytime sleepiness and risk of having obstructive sleep apnea were all associated with increased likelihood of falling asleep while driving in the preceding 6 months. Conclusion Sleepy driving and MVA are prevalent in both gender but was higher in men. Future public health initiatives should particularly focus on men, since men reported a greater likelihood of both sleep-related MVA and "near miss" events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef D Alqurashi
- Respiratory Care Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S Alqarni
- Respiratory Care Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Maher Albukhamsin
- Respiratory Care Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Abdulaziz Alfaris
- Respiratory Care Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Ibrahim Alhassan
- Respiratory Care Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Khalid Ghazwani
- Respiratory Care Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Abdulrahman Altammar
- Respiratory Care Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mutlaq Eid Aleid
- Respiratory Care Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayfa Almutary
- Medical Surgical Nursing Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulelah M Aldhahir
- Respiratory Therapy Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Alessy
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rayyan Almusally
- Internal Medicine Department, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abir Alsaid
- Internal Medicine Department, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Ibrahim Mahmoud
- Internal Medicine Department, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem Othman Qutub
- Internal Medicine Department, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tunny Sebastian
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman Alghnam
- Population Health Section-King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael I Polkey
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Altenhofen S, Bonan CD. Zebrafish as a tool in the study of sleep and memory-related disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 20:540-549. [PMID: 34254919 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210712141041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is an evolutionarily conserved phenomenon, being an essential biological necessity for the learning process and memory consolidation. The brain displays two types of electrical activity during sleep: slow-wave activity or non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and desynchronized brain wave activity or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. There are many theories about "Why we need to sleep?" among them the synaptic homeostasis. This theory proposes that the role of sleep is the restoration of synaptic homeostasis, which is destabilized by synaptic strengthening triggered by learning during waking and by synaptogenesis during development. Sleep diminishes the plasticity load on neurons and other cells to normalize synaptic strength. In contrast, it re-establishes neuronal selectivity and the ability to learn, leading to the consolidation and integration of memories. The use of zebrafish as a tool to assess sleep and its disorders is growing, although sleep in this animal is not yet divided, for example, into REM and NREM states. However, zebrafish are known to have a regulated daytime circadian rhythm. Their sleep state is characterized by periods of inactivity accompanied by an increase in arousal threshold, preference for resting place, and the "rebound sleep effect" phenomenon, which causes an increased slow-wave activity after a forced waking period. In addition, drugs known to modulate sleep, such as melatonin, nootropics, and nicotine, have been tested in zebrafish. In this review, we discuss the use of zebrafish as a model to investigate sleep mechanisms and their regulation, demonstrating this species as a promising model for sleep research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefani Altenhofen
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celulare Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla Denise Bonan
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celulare Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Sleep deprivation impairs cognitive performance in zebrafish: A matter of fact? Behav Processes 2018; 157:656-663. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Yujra VQ, Antunes HKM, Mônico‐Neto M, Pisani LP, Santamarina AB, Quintana HT, de Oliveira F, Oshima CTF, Ribeiro DA. Sleep deprivation induces pathological changes in rat masticatory muscles: Role of Toll like signaling pathway and atrophy. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:2269-2277. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Q. Yujra
- Department of PathologyFederal University of São Paulo, UNIFESPSao PauloBrazil
| | - Hanna K. M. Antunes
- Department of BiosciencesFederal University of São Paulo, UNIFESPSao PauloBrazil
| | - Marcos Mônico‐Neto
- Department of PshychobiologyFederal University of São Paulo, UNIFESPSao PauloBrazil
| | - Luciana P. Pisani
- Department of BiosciencesFederal University of São Paulo, UNIFESPSao PauloBrazil
| | - Aline B. Santamarina
- Department of BiosciencesFederal University of São Paulo, UNIFESPSao PauloBrazil
| | - Hananiah T. Quintana
- Department of BiosciencesFederal University of São Paulo, UNIFESPSao PauloBrazil
| | - Flavia de Oliveira
- Department of BiosciencesFederal University of São Paulo, UNIFESPSao PauloBrazil
| | - Celina T. F. Oshima
- Department of BiosciencesFederal University of São Paulo, UNIFESPSao PauloBrazil
| | - Daniel A. Ribeiro
- Department of BiosciencesFederal University of São Paulo, UNIFESPSao PauloBrazil
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Pinheiro-da-Silva J, Silva PF, Nogueira MB, Luchiari AC. Sleep deprivation effects on object discrimination task in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Anim Cogn 2016; 20:159-169. [PMID: 27646310 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-016-1034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish is an ideal vertebrate model for neurobehavioral studies with translational relevance to humans. Many aspects of sleep have been studied, but we still do not understand how and why sleep deprivation alters behavioral and physiological processes. A number of hypotheses suggest its role in memory consolidation. In this respect, the aim of this study was to analyze the effects of sleep deprivation on memory in zebrafish (Danio rerio), using an object discrimination paradigm. Four treatments were tested: control, partial sleep deprivation, total sleep deprivation by light pulses, and total sleep deprivation by extended light. The control group explored the new object more than the known object, indicating clear discrimination. The partially sleep-deprived group explored the new object more than the other object in the discrimination phase, suggesting a certain degree of discriminative performance. By contrast, both total sleep deprivation groups equally explored all objects, regardless of their novelty. It seems that only one night of sleep deprivation is enough to affect discriminative response in zebrafish, indicating its negative impact on cognitive processes. We suggest that this study could be a useful screening tool for cognitive dysfunction and a better understanding of the effect of sleep-wake cycles on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaquelinne Pinheiro-da-Silva
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, PO BOX 1511, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Priscila Fernandes Silva
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, PO BOX 1511, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Borges Nogueira
- Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, CCET, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Luchiari
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, PO BOX 1511, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970, Brazil.
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Owens J, Gruber R, Brown T, Corkum P, Cortese S, O'Brien L, Stein M, Weiss M. Future research directions in sleep and ADHD: report of a consensus working group. J Atten Disord 2013; 17:550-64. [PMID: 22982880 DOI: 10.1177/1087054712457992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore relationships between basic and translational science research regarding sleep and ADHD in children. METHOD A multidisciplinary group of experts in pediatric sleep medicine and ADHD convened in November 2010 to summarize the current literature, delineate knowledge gaps, and formulate recommendations regarding future research directions and priorities. RESULTS Six major research areas of interest were identified: (a) brain centers regulating sleep, arousal, and attention; (b) neurotransmitter systems involved in both sleep and attention regulation; (c) alterations of neural systems regulating sleep in ADHD; (d) phenotypic similarities between behavioral, mood, and cognitive manifestations of insufficient/disrupted sleep and ADHD; (e) hypoarousal and sleepiness in ADHD; and (f) external sleep-wake signals that affect sleep regulation in ADHD. CONCLUSION An enhanced understanding of the complex mechanisms regulating sleep promotion, wakefulness, and attention may contribute to new insights regarding the core impairments in ADHD and lead to the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Owens
- 1George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
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Trabajo en turnos, privación de sueño y sus consecuencias clínicas y médicolegales. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0716-8640(13)70180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Oxidative stress, cancer, and sleep deprivation: is there a logical link in this association? Sleep Breath 2013; 17:905-10. [PMID: 23371889 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-012-0797-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sleep disorders are associated with various human pathologies and interfere with biological processes essential for health and quality of life. On the other hand, cancer is one of the most common diseases worldwide with an average of 1,500 deaths per day in the USA. Is there a factor common to both sleep disorders and cancer that serves to link these conditions? DISCUSSION It is a normal process for cellular metabolism to produce reactive oxidant series (ROS). However, when the production of ROS overcomes the antioxidant capacity of the cell to eliminate these products, the resulting state is called oxidative stress. Oxidative DNA damage may participate in ROS-induced carcinogenesis. Moreover, ROS are also produced in the sleep deprivation process. The aim of this article is to review pathways and mechanisms that may point to oxidative stress as a link between sleep deprivation and cancer.
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Andreazza AC, Andersen ML, Alvarenga TA, de-Oliveira MR, Armani F, Ruiz FS, Giglio L, Moreira JCF, Kapczinski F, Tufik S. Impairment of the mitochondrial electron transport chain due to sleep deprivation in mice. J Psychiatr Res 2010; 44:775-80. [PMID: 20176368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that sleep deprivation is associated with altered expression of genes related to metabolic processes, response to stress and inflammation, circadian sleep/wake cycles, regulation of cell proliferation and various signaling pathways. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these changes remain poorly understood. Thus, the present study aims to characterize the function of the mitochondrial electron transport chain in the brain using an animal model of paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD). The question of whether sleep recovery (rebound) can reverse changes found after PSD is also addressed. Adult male inbred C57BL/6J mice were randomly distributed into three groups: home-cage control, PSD and sleep rebound groups. The PSD and rebound groups were subjected to PSD for 72 h. After this sleep deprivation period, the rebound group was returned to its home cage and allowed to sleep in an undisturbed and spontaneous fashion for 24h. The mitochondrial complex I-III, complex II, succinate dehydrogenase and complex II-III activities were then measured by spectrophotometric methods in sub-mitochondrial particles extracted from the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum and hypothalamus. Our results showed a significant decrease in the activity of complex I-III in the PSD and rebound groups as compared to the control group. The complex II and II-III activity were particularly decreased in the hypothalamus of the sleep rebound group. These results are consistent with the involvement of sleep in energy metabolism and corroborate previous experiments demonstrating the importance of the hypothalamus in sleep regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Andreazza
- Bipolar Disorders Program and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Andersen ML, Santos-Silva R, Bittencourt LRA, Tufik S. Prevalence of erectile dysfunction complaints associated with sleep disturbances in Sao Paulo, Brazil: a population-based survey. Sleep Med 2010; 11:1019-24. [PMID: 20427234 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2009.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2009] [Revised: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 08/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) complaints in a population-based sample from Sao Paulo and to determine the associations of ED prevalence with sleep disturbances, testosterone levels, age, body mass index (BMI), socioeconomic factors and selected medical history indicators. METHODS The Epidemiologic Sleep Study (EPISONO) is a population-based study of sleep and risk factors for sleep disturbances in Brazil's largest city, Sao Paolo. This study adopted a probabilistic three-stage cluster sampling approach for the city of Sao Paulo. Questionnaires that covered medical conditions and sexual and erection complaints were administered and polysomnographies and fasting blood samples were collected. The patient cohort of the current study of ED consisted of 467 men, aged 20-80 years at the time of their enrollment in EPISONO. The percentage of men who participated in EPISONO but refused to participate in our study was 2.3%. RESULTS The prevalence of ED complaints in the study cohort was 17.08% overall. ED complaints ranged from 7.3% in younger men (20-29 years old) to 63.25% in older men (>50years old) (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=21.65). The logistic regression model showed that both reduced time spent in REM sleep and fragmented sleep had significant effects as risk factors for ED complaints. Obesity (OR=1.8), low testosterone levels (OR=4.28), low quality of life (OR=4.4), an apnea-hypopnea index over 15 (OR=2.75), and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OR=2.13) were also significantly associated with a higher risk of ED complaints. CONCLUSION EPISONO study indicates that ED complaints are relatively common phenomena, especially among older men. Adequate sleep patterns and normal or high levels of testosterone, which serve as markers for sexual motivation, may be protective against ED. The prevalence of sleep apnea showed a strong impact on erectile function and subsequently negatively affects sexual activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L Andersen
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil.
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Bittencourt LRA, Santos-Silva R, de Mello MT, Andersen ML, Tufik S. Chronobiological disorders: current and prevalent conditions. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2010; 20:21-32. [PMID: 19898779 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-009-9213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the hectic lifestyle of industrialized societies has wrought its effects on the quality of sleep, and these effects are evidenced by a profusion of sleep-related disorders. Regular exposure to artificial light, coupled with social and economic pressures have shortened the time spent asleep. Otherwise, Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders are characterized by desynchronization between the intrinsic circadian clock and the extrinsic cycles of light/dark and social activities. This desynchronization produces excessive sleepiness and insomnia. The International Classification of Sleep Disorders describes nine sleep disorders under the category of Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders. Currently, this diagnosis is made based on the patient's history, a sleep log alone, or the sleep logs and actigraphy conducted for at least 7 days. This review contains an overview of current treatment options, including chronotherapy, timed bright light exposure, and administration of exogenous melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia R A Bittencourt
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Napoleão de Barros, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Kahan V, Ribeiro DA, Andersen ML, Alvarenga TA, Tufik S. Sleep Loss Induces Differential Response Related To Genotoxicity in Multiple Organs of Three Different Mice Strains. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2010; 107:598-602. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2010.00540.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Hachul H, Andersen ML, Bittencourt LRA, Santos-Silva R, Conway SG, Tufik S. Does the reproductive cycle influence sleep patterns in women with sleep complaints? Climacteric 2009; 13:594-603. [DOI: 10.3109/13697130903450147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Andersen ML, Ribeiro DA, Bergamaschi CT, Alvarenga TA, Silva A, Zager A, Campos RR, Tufik S. Distinct effects of acute and chronic sleep loss on DNA damage in rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2009; 33:562-7. [PMID: 19258023 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2009] [Revised: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 02/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to evaluate genetic damage induced in male rats by experimental sleep loss for short-term (24 and 96 h) and long-term (21 days) intervals, as well as their respective recovery periods in peripheral blood, brain, liver and heart tissue by the single cell gel (comet) assay. Rats were paradoxically deprived of sleep (PSD) by the platform technique for 24 or 96 h, or chronically sleep-restricted (SR) for 21 days. We also sought to verify the time course of their recovery after 24 h of rebound sleep. The results showed DNA damage in blood cells of rats submitted to PSD for 96 h. Brain tissue showed extensive genotoxic damage in PSD rats (both 24 and 96 h), though the effect was more pronounced in the 96 h group. Rats allowed to recover from the PSD-96 h and SR-21 days treatments showed DNA damage as compared to negative controls. Liver and heart did not display any genotoxicity activity. Corticosterone concentrations were increased after PSD (24 and 96 h) relative to control rats, whereas these levels were unaffected in the SR group. Collectively, these findings reveal that sleep loss was able to induce genetic damage in blood and brain cells, especially following acute exposure. Since DNA damage is an important step in events leading to genomic instability, this study represents a relevant contribution to the understanding of the potential health risks associated with sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Andersen
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil
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Silva A, Andersen M, De Mello M, Bittencourt L, Peruzzo D, Tufik S. Gender and age differences in polysomnography findings and sleep complaints of patients referred to a sleep laboratory. Braz J Med Biol Res 2008; 41:1067-75. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2008001200005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Accepted: 11/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Silva
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - D. Peruzzo
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brasil
| | - S. Tufik
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brasil
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de Mattos ABM, Pinto MJS, Oliveira C, Biz C, Ribeiro EB, do Nascimento CMO, Andersen ML, Tufik S, Oyama LM. Dietary fish oil did not prevent sleep deprived rats from a reduction in adipose tissue adiponectin gene expression. Lipids Health Dis 2008; 7:43. [PMID: 18986529 PMCID: PMC2613381 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-7-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2008] [Accepted: 11/05/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation in humans has been related to weight gain and consequently, increased risk for insulin resistance. In contrast, there is a significant loss of weight in sleep deprived rats suggesting a state of insulin resistance without obesity interference. Thus, we aimed to assess the effects of a rich fish oil dietetic intervention on glucose tolerance, serum insulin and adiponectin, and adipose tissue gene expression of adiponectin and TNF-α of paradoxically sleep deprived (PSD) rats. The study was performed in thirty day-old male Wistar randomly assigned into two groups: rats fed with control diet (soybean oil as source of fat) and rats fed with a fish oil rich diet. After 45 days of treatment, the animals were submitted to PSD or maintained as home cage control group for 96 h. Body weight and food intake were carefully monitored in all groups. At the end of PSD period, a glucose tolerance test was performed and the total blood and adipose tissues were collected. Serum insulin and adiponectin were analyzed. Adipose tissues were used for RT-PCR to estimate the gene expression of adiponectin and TNF-α. Results showed that although fish oil diet did not exert any effect upon these measurements, PSD induced a reduction in adiponectin gene expression of retroperitoneal adipose tissues, with no change in serum adiponectin concentration or in adiponectin and TNF-α gene expression of epididymal adipose tissue. Thus, the stress induced by sleep deprivation lead to a desbalance of adiponectin gene expression.
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Andersen ML, Tufik S. The effects of testosterone on sleep and sleep-disordered breathing in men: Its bidirectional interaction with erectile function. Sleep Med Rev 2008; 12:365-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2007.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Andersen ML, Antunes IB, Silva A, Alvarenga TAF, Baracat EC, Tufik S. Effects of sleep loss on sleep architecture in Wistar rats: gender-specific rebound sleep. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2008; 32:975-83. [PMID: 18276051 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2007] [Revised: 01/08/2008] [Accepted: 01/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to examine the influence of gender on sleep rebound architecture after a 4-day paradoxical sleep deprivation period. After a 5-day baseline sleep recording, both male and female rats in different phases of the estrus cycle were submitted to paradoxical sleep deprivation for 96 h. After this period, the sleep rebound recording was evaluated for 5 days (one estrus cycle). The findings revealed that after paradoxical sleep deprivation, sleep efficiency and paradoxical sleep returned to baseline values on the second day of the light period, for all except the proestrus group. During the dark rebound period, only the female groups presented increased sleep efficiency on the first day. Paradoxical sleep returned to baseline values on the third day, except for males and the cycling females submitted to paradoxical sleep deprivation in the diestrus phase, whose baseline values returned to normal on the second day of rebound period. Thus, the females and males displayed distinct patterns as a result of sleep disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Andersen
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), R. Napoleão de Barros, 925, Vila Clementino 04024-002, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Andersen ML, Perry JC, Bignotto M, Perez-Mendes P, Cinini SM, Mello LEA, Tufik S. Influence of chronic cocaine treatment and sleep deprivation on sexual behavior and neurogenesis of the male rat. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2007; 31:1224-9. [PMID: 17544195 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2007] [Revised: 03/31/2007] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the influence of chronic cocaine treatment on genital reflexes associated with paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD), and possible alterations in hippocampus neurogenesis of the male rat. At 21 days of age, the rats were distributed into two groups and injected with saline or cocaine (7 mg/kg, three times a week for 12 weeks). At age 90 days, they were submitted to a four-day period of PSD (PSD groups) or maintained in home-cages (control groups), challenged with saline or cocaine administration, and placed in observation cages to assess genital reflexes. Two additional groups were used to quantify neurogenesis. PSD rats treated chronically with cocaine and challenged with saline did not differ from their respective control groups. The association of PSD with cocaine potentiated penile erection (PE) when compared to PSD-saline (saline challenged) rats, and these effects were similar to those observed in long-term cocaine treated rats. The bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) assay indicated a reduction in BrdU-positive cells in the adult hippocampus after chronic cocaine treatment. These findings show that long-term cocaine treatment from brain development through adulthood had a marked effect on sexual responses and neuronal proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L Andersen
- Psychobiology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Andersen ML, Poyares D, Alves RSC, Skomro R, Tufik S. Sexsomnia: abnormal sexual behavior during sleep. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 56:271-82. [PMID: 17706786 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2007] [Revised: 06/21/2007] [Accepted: 06/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This review attempts to assemble the characteristics of a distinct variant of sleepwalking called sexsomnia/sleepsex from the seemingly scarce literature into a coherent theoretical framework. Common features of sexsomnia include sexual arousal with autonomic activation (e.g. nocturnal erection, vaginal lubrication, nocturnal emission, dream orgasms). Somnambulistic sexual behavior and its clinical implications, the role of precipitating factors, diagnostic, treatment, and medico-legal issues are also reviewed. The characteristics of several individuals described in literature including their family/personal history of parasomnia as well as the abnormal behaviors occurring during sleep are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L Andersen
- Department of Psychobiology - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Zager A, Andersen ML, Ruiz FS, Antunes IB, Tufik S. Effects of acute and chronic sleep loss on immune modulation of rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007; 293:R504-9. [PMID: 17409265 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00105.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation is now recognized as an increasingly common condition inherent to modern society, and one that in many ways, is detrimental to certain physiological systems, namely, immune function. Although sleep is now viewed by a significant body of researchers as being essential for the proper working of a host of defense systems, the consequences of a lack of sleep on immune function remains to be fully comprehended. The aim of the current study was to investigate how paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) for 24 and 96 h and sleep restriction (SR) for 21 days by the modified multiple-platform method, and their respective 24-h recovery periods, affect immune activation in rats. To this end, we assessed circulating white blood cell counts, lymphocyte count within immune organs, as well as Ig and complement production. The data revealed that PSD for 96 h increased complement C3 and corticosterone concentration in relation to the control group. In contrast, the spleen weight, total leukocytes, and lymphocytes decreased during SR for 21 days when compared with the control group, although production of a certain class of immunoglobulin, the IgM, did increase. After recovery sleep, lymphocyte count in axillary lymph nodes grew when rats had rebound sleep after PSD for 24 h, neutrophils increased after PSD 96 h and lymphocytes numbers were higher after SR 21 days. Such alterations during sleep deprivation suggest only minor alterations of nonspecific immune parameters during acute PSD, and a significant impairment in cellular response during chronic SR.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zager
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros 925, Vila Clementino 04024-002, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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