Phenol as a novel sclerosing agent: A safety and efficacy study on experimental animals

Drug Eluting Embolization Particles for Permanent Contraception

Medical technology that blocks the fallopian tubes nonsurgically could increase access to permanent contraception and address current unmet needs in family planning. To achieve total occlusion of the fallopian tube via scar tissue formation, acute trauma to the tubal epithelium must first occur followed by a sustained and ultimately fibrotic inflammatory response. Here, we developed drug-eluting fiber-based microparticles that provide tunable dose and release of potent sclerosing agents. This fabrication strategy demonstrates high encapsulation of physicochemically diverse agents and the potential for scalable manufacturing by utilizing free-surface electrospinning to generate material for fiber micronization. Manipulation of nanofiber formulation such as drug loading, drug hydrophobicity, polymer hydrophobicity, and crystallinity allowed for modulation of the sustained release properties of our fiber microparticles. We assessed various fibrous microparticle formulations in vivo using a newly developed and validated guinea pig model for contraception. We found that fiber microparticles with bolus release doxycycline effectively elicited acute trauma and those formulated with highly loaded phenyl benzoate caused sustained inflammation in the target organs. The demonstrated potency of these electrospun microparticles, as well as their embolic size and shape, suggests potential for proximal agglomeration and inflammatory activity in the fallopian tubes following transcervical delivery.