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Zhang H, Yang L, Shen D, Zhu Y, Zhang L. Identification of Bromophenols' glucuronidation and its induction on UDP- glucuronosyltransferases isoforms. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 276:116281. [PMID: 38581907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Bromophenols (BPs) are prominent environmental pollutants extensively utilized in aquaculture, pharmaceuticals, and chemical manufacturing. This study aims to identify UDP- glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) isoforms involved in the metabolic elimination of BPs. Mono-glucuronides of BPs were detected in human liver microsomes (HLMs) incubated with the co-factor uridine-diphosphate glucuronic acid (UDPGA). The glucuronidation metabolism reactions catalyzed by HLMs followed Michaelis-Menten or substrate inhibition kinetics. Recombinant enzymes and inhibition experiments with chemical reagents were employed to phenotype the principal UGT isoforms participating in BP glucuronidation. UGT1A6 emerged as the major enzyme in the glucuronidation of 4-Bromophenol (4-BP), while UGT1A1, UGT1A6, and UGT1A8 were identified as the most essential isoforms for metabolizing 2,4-dibromophenol (2,4-DBP). UGT1A1, UGT1A8, and UGT2B4 were deemed the most critical isoforms in the catalysis of 2,4,6-tribromophenol (2,4,6-TBP) glucuronidation. Species differences were investigated using the liver microsomes of pig (PLM), rat (RLM), monkey (MyLM), and dog (DLM). Additionally, 2,4,6-TBP effects on the expression of UGT1A1 and UGT2B7 in HepG2 cells were evaluated. The results demonstrated potential induction of UGT1A1 and UGT2B7 upon exposure to 2,4,6-TBP at a concentration of 50 μM. Collectively, these findings contribute to elucidating the metabolic elimination and toxicity of BPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqian Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The third Affliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Cervical Disease, The third Affliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Henan Branch, The third Affliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The third Affliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Cervical Disease, The third Affliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Henan Branch, The third Affliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dandan Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The third Affliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Cervical Disease, The third Affliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Henan Branch, The third Affliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuanhang Zhu
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Cervical Disease, The third Affliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Henan Branch, The third Affliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Sun C, Li Y, Zhang Y, Huang H, Chen H, Chen J, Han L, Chen X, Chen X, Zhang Y. Subacute oral toxicology and toxicokinetics of pterostilbene, a novel Top1/Tdp1 inhibiting anti-tumor reagent. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:392-399. [PMID: 35253568 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2042014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the subacute toxicity and toxicokinetics of a potential anti-cancer drug candidate, pterostilbene, in rats. Animals were orally administered at two repeated doses of 200 and 500 mg/kg for 28 days. No mortality was observed during the 28 days of continuous administration of pterostilbene. Body weight and food consumption in each group increased steadily, while no significant difference was found. Liver weight in the 500 mg/kg female, but not male group increased with mild cytoplasmic vacuoles observed in histopathological study. Toxicokinetics was assessed by measuring plasma concentrations of pterostilbene on the first and 28th day of administration using UPLC-MS/MS. Toxicokinetic parameters showed that AUC0-t significantly increased in all animals, while the increase in females was greater than males. System exposure of pterostilbene appeared to be linear within the administrated dose range. In conclusion, our findings suggested a minimal subacute toxicity profile of pterostilbene, which could strongly support further development of this compound as a novel anti-cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changcheng Sun
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yutian Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoyan Huang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huili Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jiaqin Chen
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luyao Han
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xijing Chen
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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3
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Hou Q, Liu Y, Xing X, Li S, Li J, Qian W, Yang C, Li H. Effects of the total flavonoid extracts and the monomers of Daphne genkwa on CYP2C8 activity. Xenobiotica 2022; 52:353-359. [PMID: 35621148 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2022.2083531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
1. This study aimed to assess the effects of total flavonoid extracts (TFDG) and the monomers of Daphne genkwa on the CYP2C8 activity in vitro and in vivo.2. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were used to determine the inhibitory effect of TFDG and its four monomers for the CYP2C8 activity by recombinant human CYP2C8 (RHCYP2C8) yeast microsome system in vitro, and the volume per dose index (VDI) was predicted the potential inhibition in vivo. The effects of multiple-dose administration of TFDG on the pharmacokinetic parameters of rosiglitazone in rats were evaluated.3. The IC50 values of apigenin, luteolin, hydroxy-genkwanin, genkwanin, and TFDG were 7.27μmol/L, 11.9μmol/L, 28.1μmol/L, 127μmol/L, and 13.4μg/mL, respectively. The VDI values of apigenin and TFDG were 2.15L and 6.60L. In vivo study, compared with the control group, the elimination phase half-life and mean residence time in the TFDG treatment group were significantly increased by 96.9% and 106.8% (p < 0.05), respectively.4. Apigenin showed a moderate inhibitory effect on the CYP2C8 activity in vitro, while the other three monomers were weak inhibitors. TFDG had a strong inhibitory effect on CYP2C8 in vitro and in vivo, and also inhibited the metabolism of rosiglitazone in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyu Hou
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanzhi Liu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueting Xing
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuo Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Qian
- Nanjing BRT-Biomed Company, Limited, Jiangning District, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Changqing Yang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanhan Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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4
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Viability of Tumor Cells (K562, Hep-2, HeLa) and Rat Fibroblasts in the Presence of Pterostilbene and Extracts of Licorice Root and Andrographis Paniculata. Pharm Chem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-021-02511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Coelho NR, Pimpão AB, Correia MJ, Rodrigues TC, Monteiro EC, Morello J, Pereira SA. Pharmacological blockage of the AHR-CYP1A1 axis: a call for in vivo evidence. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 100:215-243. [PMID: 34800164 PMCID: PMC8605459 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that can be activated by structurally diverse compounds arising from the environment and the microbiota and host metabolism. Expanding evidence has been shown that the modulation of the canonical pathway of AHR occurs during several chronic diseases and that its abrogation might be of clinical interest for metabolic and inflammatory pathological processes. However, most of the evidence on the pharmacological abrogation of the AHR-CYP1A1 axis has been reported in vitro, and therefore, guidance for in vivo studies is needed. In this review, we cover the state-of-the-art of the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of AHR antagonists and CYP1A1 inhibitors in different in vivo rodent (mouse or rat) models of disease. This review will serve as a road map for those researchers embracing this emerging therapeutic area targeting the AHR. Moreover, it is a timely opportunity as the first AHR antagonists have recently entered the clinical stage of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Coelho
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A B Pimpão
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M J Correia
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - T C Rodrigues
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - E C Monteiro
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J Morello
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - S A Pereira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Koh YC, Ho CT, Pan MH. Recent Advances in Health Benefits of Stilbenoids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:10036-10057. [PMID: 34460268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biological targeting or molecular targeting is the main strategy in drug development and disease prevention. However, the problem of "off-targets" cannot be neglected. Naturally derived drugs are preferred over synthetic compounds in pharmaceutical markets, and the main goals are high effectiveness, lower cost, and fewer side effects. Single-target drug binding may be the major cause of failure, as the pathogenesis of diseases is predominantly multifactorial. Naturally derived drugs are advantageous because they are expected to have multitarget effects, but not off-targets, in disease prevention or therapeutic actions. The capability of phytochemicals to modulate molecular signals in numerous diseases has been widely discussed. Among them, stilbenoids, especially resveratrol, have been well-studied, along with their potential molecular targets, including AMPK, Sirt1, NF-κB, PKC, Nrf2, and PPARs. The analogues of resveratrol, pterostilbene, and hydroxylated-pterostilbene may have similar, if not more, potential biological targeting effects compared with their original counterpart. Furthermore, new targets that have been discussed in recent studies are reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chun Koh
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan 404
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan 413
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Lin WS, Leland JV, Ho CT, Pan MH. Occurrence, Bioavailability, Anti-inflammatory, and Anticancer Effects of Pterostilbene. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:12788-12799. [PMID: 32064876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Supplementation with natural compounds found in fruits and vegetables has long been associated with a reduced risk of several types of cancer. Pterostilbene is a natural stilbenoid and a dimethylated analogue of resveratrol which is found primarily in blueberries. Pterostilbene exhibits a range of pharmacological properties, particularly anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. Due to two methoxy groups in its skeleton, pterostilbene is more lipophilic than resveratrol and thus possesses higher intestinal permeability and cellular uptake and enhanced stability. Moreover, pterostilbene exhibits less toxicity and fewer adverse effects, providing it with superior potential in cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy applications. Numerous research studies have demonstrated that pterostilbene possesses detoxification activities, mediating the anti-inflammation response, regulating the cell cycle, augmenting apoptosis, enhancing autophagy, and inhibiting tumor angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis by modulating signal transduction pathways which block multiple stages of carcinogenesis. In this review, we illustrate that pterostilbene is a natural compound having bioavailability. The extensive metabolism of pterostilbene will be discussed. We also summarize recent research on pterostilbene's anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties in the multistage carcinogenesis process and related molecular mechanism and conclude that it should contribute to improved cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Sheng Lin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | | | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520, United States
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
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Recent Advances in Synthesis, Bioactivity, and Pharmacokinetics of Pterostilbene, an Important Analog of Resveratrol. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215166. [PMID: 33171952 PMCID: PMC7664215 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pterostilbene is a natural 3,5-dimethoxy analog of resveratrol. This stilbene compound has a strong bioactivity and exists widely in Dalbergia and Vaccinium spp. Besides natural extraction, pterostilbene can be obtained by biosynthesis. Pterostilbene has become popular because of its remarkable pharmacological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and neuroprotection. Pterostilbene can be rapidly absorbed and is widely distributed in tissues, but it does not seriously accumulate in the body. Pterostilbene can easily pass through the blood-brain barrier because of its low molecular weight and good liposolubility. In this review, the studies performed in the last three years on resources, synthesis, bioactivity, and pharmacokinetics of pterostilbene are summarized. This review focuses on the effects of pterostilbene on certain diseases to explore its targets, explain the possible mechanism, and look for potential therapeutic applications.
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Jiang L, Wang Z, Wang X, Wang S, Wang Z, Liu Y. Piceatannol exhibits potential food-drug interactions through the inhibition of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) in Vitro. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 67:104890. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Carrera-Juliá S, Moreno ML, Barrios C, de la Rubia Ortí JE, Drehmer E. Antioxidant Alternatives in the Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Review. Front Physiol 2020; 11:63. [PMID: 32116773 PMCID: PMC7016185 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that produces a selective loss of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, brain stem and motor cortex. Oxidative stress (OS) associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and the deterioration of the electron transport chain has been shown to be a factor that contributes to neurodegeneration and plays a potential role in the pathogenesis of ALS. The regions of the central nervous system affected have high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced antioxidant defenses. Scientific studies propose treatment with antioxidants to combat the characteristic OS and the regeneration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels by the use of precursors. This review examines the possible roles of nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene as therapeutic strategies in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Carrera-Juliá
- Doctoral Degree’s School, Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mari Luz Moreno
- Department of Basic Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Barrios
- Institute for Research on Musculoskeletal Disorders, Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Eraci Drehmer
- Department of Basic Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, Valencia, Spain
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Nieoczym D, Socała K, Jedziniak P, Wyska E, Wlaź P. Effect of Pterostilbene, a Natural Analog of Resveratrol, on the Activity of some Antiepileptic Drugs in the Acute Seizure Tests in Mice. Neurotox Res 2019; 36:859-869. [PMID: 30877660 PMCID: PMC6831770 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pterostilbene (PTE), a natural analog of resveratrol, is available both as a diet ingredient and a dietary supplement. The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of PTE on the activity of antiepileptic drugs in the acute seizure tests in mice, i.e., the intravenous pentetrazole (iv PTZ) seizure threshold, maximal electroshock (MES), and 6 Hz-induced psychomotor seizure tests. Our study revealed that PTE enhanced the anticonvulsant effect of clonazepam but did not change the activity of tiagabine in the iv PTZ test. In the MES test, PTE increased the effect of carbamazepine but did not affect the protective properties of topiramate, while in the 6-Hz test, we noted a significant enhancement of the activity of oxcarbazepine, but there were no changes in the activity of valproate. Interactions of PTE with carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine were pharmacokinetic, which was determined by the increase of concentration of these antiepileptic drugs both in the serum and brain. In contrast, interactions between PTE and clonazepam were pharmacodynamic since there were no changes in the concentration of clonazepam. Combined treatment with carbamazepine and PTE significantly attenuated muscular strength (estimated in the grip strength test) but did not change motor coordination (assessed in the chimney test) in mice. Other studied antiepileptic drugs and their combinations with PTE did not change these parameters. Further studies are required to evaluate the influence of PTE on the activity of anticonvulsant drugs to estimate the safety of using PTE by patients with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Nieoczym
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Socała
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Jedziniak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wyska
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Wlaź
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
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