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Afloarea OT, Nacu I, Vereștiuc L, Yilmaz CN, Panainte AD, Peptu CA, Ostafe IG, Bibire N. In Vitro and Ex Vivo Evaluation of Novel Methacrylated Chitosan-PNIPAAm-Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels Loaded with Progesterone for Applications in Vaginal Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2160. [PMID: 39125186 PMCID: PMC11313938 DOI: 10.3390/polym16152160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Miscarriage is defined as the loss of a pregnancy before 24 weeks and administration of progesterone in pregnancy has considerably decreased the risk of premature birth. Progesterone (PGT) starting from the luteal phase stabilizes pregnancy, promotes differentiation of the endometrium, and facilitates the implantation of the embryo. Within the present study, novel hybrid hydrogels based on chitosan methacrylate (CHT), hyaluronic acid (HA), and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) for vaginal delivery of progesterone were evaluated. The hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for structural identity assessment and evaluation of their morphological aspects. The ability to swell, the release capacity, enzymatic degradation, cytotoxicity, and mucoadhesion were also reported. The characterized hydrogels demonstrated mucoadhesive properties in contact with the vaginal tissue of swine and bovine origin as substrates, and biodegradability and controlled release in a simulated vaginal environment. Cytocompatibility tests confirmed the ability of the hydrogels and progesterone to support cell viability and growth. The results showed pH-dependent behavior, controlled drug release, good cytocompatibility, and mucoadhesive properties. The hydrogels with higher chitosan amounts demonstrated better bioadhesive properties. This study provides insights into the potential of these hydrogels for the controlled vaginal delivery of progesterone, with promising therapeutic effects and no cytotoxicity observed. The experimental results indicated that a composition with a moderate content of PNIPAAm was suitable for the controlled delivery of progesterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana-Teodora Afloarea
- Doctoral School, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700116 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Isabella Nacu
- Faculty of Medical Bioengineering, Department of Biomedical Sciences, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700116 Iasi, Romania;
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41-A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Liliana Vereștiuc
- Faculty of Medical Bioengineering, Department of Biomedical Sciences, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700116 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Cătălina Natalia Yilmaz
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, Dokuz Eylül University, Kültür Mah. Cumhuriyet Bulv. No:144 Alsancak, 35210 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Alina Diana Panainte
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700116 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.P.); (N.B.)
| | - Cătălina Anișoara Peptu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection “Cristofor Simionescu”, Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Iulia-Giorgiana Ostafe
- “Cuza Voda” Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinical Hospital, 34 Cuza Voda Street, 700038 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Nela Bibire
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700116 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.P.); (N.B.)
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Dinte E, Iovanov RI, Bodoki AE, Colosi IA, Colosi HA, Tosa N, Vostinaru O, Tomuta I. Optimization of a Mucoadhesive Vaginal Gel Containing Clotrimazole Using a D-Optimal Experimental Design and Multivariate Analysis. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092023. [PMID: 37177171 PMCID: PMC10181139 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a suitable clotrimazole (CLT)-loaded mucoadhesive vaginal gel (CLT-MVG) for topical applications in vaginal candidiasis. Ten CLT-MVG formulations were prepared, consisting of mixtures of acid polyacrylic (Carbopol 940) and polyethene oxides, Sentry Polyox WSRN 1105 or 750, according to an experimental D-optimal design, and CLT was suspended at a ratio of 1%. The prepared CLT-MVG formulations were studied in vitro, and the formulation containing Carbopol 940 0.89% combined with PEO 1105 1.39% was identified with the optimal rheological and in vitro bioadhesion properties, ensuring the prolonged release of CLT, with a similarity factor greater than 50, indicating dissolution profile similarity for three batches of the optimized formulation. This optimized formulation showed a pH in the tolerance range, and an adequate ex vivo mucoadhesion time, while the FT-IR studies revealed no interactions between the excipients and CLT. The microscopic analysis identified a mean particle size of suspended CLT of 5.24 ± 0.57 μm. The in vitro antifungal activity of the optimized formulation was tested on twenty strains of Candida albicans and proved to be better compared to a marketed clotrimazole preparation, showing a greater inhibition effect (p < 0.05). The optimized formulation could be a good candidate for the local treatment of vaginal mycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Dinte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rares Iuliu Iovanov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Elena Bodoki
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Alina Colosi
- Department of Microbiology, Iuliu Hatieganu, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Horatiu Alexandru Colosi
- Department of Medical Education, Division of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Tosa
- Molecular and Biomolecular Department, National Institute for Research & Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oliviu Vostinaru
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Physiopathology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioan Tomuta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Cyclodextrin regulated natural polysaccharide hydrogels for biomedical applications-a review. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 313:120760. [PMID: 37182939 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodextrin and its derivative (CDs) are natural building blocks for linking with other components to afford functional biomaterials. Hydrogels are polymer network systems that can form hydrophilic three-dimensional network structures through different cross-linking methods and are developing as potential materials in biomedical applications. Natural polysaccharide hydrogels (NPHs) are widely adopted in biomedical field with good biocompatibility, biodegradability, low cytotoxicity, and versatility in emulating natural tissue properties. Compared with conventional NPHs, CD regulated natural polysaccharide hydrogels (CD-NPHs) maintain good biocompatibility, while improving poor mechanical qualities and unpredictable gelation times. Recently, there has been increasing and considerable usage of CD-NPHs while there is still no review comprehensively introducing their construction, classification, and application of these hydrogels from the material point of view regarding biomedical fields. To draw a complete picture of the current and future development of CD-NPHs, we systematically overview the classification of CD-NPHs, and provide a holistic view on the role of CD-NPHs in different biomedical fields, especially in drug delivery, wound dressing, cell encapsulation, and tissue engineering. Moreover, the current challenges and prospects of CD-NPHs are discussed rationally, providing an insight into developing vibrant fields of CD-NPHs-based biomedicine, and facilitating their translation from bench to clinical medicine.
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Intranasally administered thermosensitive gel for brain-targeted delivery of rhynchophylline to treat Parkinson's disease. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 222:113065. [PMID: 36473372 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.113065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to overcome the obstacle of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in therapeutic drugs of Parkinson's disease (PD), like rhynchophylline (RIN) entry by intranasal administration and to solve the problem of short residence time of drugs in the nasal cavity by the dosage form design of thermosensitive gel. We first conducted a study of the screening of absorption enhancers and 3% hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) was effective to improve the nasal mucosal permeability of RIN. By adjusting the ratio of different components in order to make the gel with adhesion and rapid gelation which were determined to be Poloxamer 407 (P407) 20%, Poloxamer 188 (P188) 1%, polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG-6000) 1% and HP-β-CD 3%. In addition, the characterization showed that the thermosensitive gel was network cross-linked, rapidly gelation upon entry into the nasal cavity and was stable as semi-solid state with adhesion as well as sustained release properties. Moreover, pharmacokinetic study was performed to evaluate the bioavailability and brain targeting of RIN thermosensitive gel and which were 1.6 times and 2.1 times higher than those of oral administration. We also evaluated the anti-PD effects of RIN thermosensitive gel in-vitro as well as in-vivo. The results showed that RIN thermosensitive gel was effective in repairing the motor function impairment, dysregulated expression levels of oxidative stress factors, and positive neuronal damage within the substantia nigra and dopamine caused by PD. The constructed intranasal drug administration strategy through thermosensitive gel provided a new choice for targeted treatment of PD together with other central nervous system diseases.
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Afloarea OT, Cheaburu Yilmaz CN, Verestiuc L, Bibire N. Development of Vaginal Carriers Based on Chitosan-Grafted-PNIPAAm for Progesterone Administration. Gels 2022; 8:596. [PMID: 36135308 PMCID: PMC9498816 DOI: 10.3390/gels8090596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan-based hydrogels possess numerous advantages, such as biocompatibility and non-toxicity, and it is considered a proper material to be used in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Vaginal administration of progesterone represents a viable alternative for maintaining pregnancy and reducing the risk of miscarriage and in supporting the corpus luteum during fertilization cycles. This study aimed to develop new formulations for vaginal administration of progesterone (PGT). A previously synthesized responsive chitosan-grafted-poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (CS-g-PNIPAAm) was formulated in various compositions with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as external crosslinking agent to obtain pH- and temperature-dependent hydrogels; the hydrogels had the capacity to withstand shear forces encountered in the vagina due to its mechanism of swelling once in contact with vaginal fluids. Three different hydrogels based on grafted chitosan were analyzed via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), swelling tests, in vitro drug release, and bioadhesion properties by TA.XTplus texture analysis. A higher amount of PVA decreased the swelling and the bioadhesion capacities of the hydrogel. All hydrogels showed sensitivity to temperature and pH in terms of swelling and in vitro delivery characteristics. By loading progesterone, the studied hydrogels seemed to possess even higher sensitivity than drug-free matrices. The release profile of the active substance and the bioadhesion characteristics recommended the CS-g-PNIPAAm/PVA 80/20 +PGT (P1) hydrogel as a proper constituent for the vaginal formulation for progesterone administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana-Teodora Afloarea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaşi, Romania
| | | | - Liliana Verestiuc
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Bioengineering, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Nela Bibire
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaşi, Romania
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Fan R, Cheng Y, Wang R, Zhang T, Zhang H, Li J, Song S, Zheng A. Thermosensitive Hydrogels and Advances in Their Application in Disease Therapy. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122379. [PMID: 35745954 PMCID: PMC9227257 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermosensitive hydrogels, having unique sol–gel transition properties, have recently received special research attention. These hydrogels exhibit a phase transition near body temperature. This feature is the key to their applications in human medicine. In addition, hydrogels can quickly gel at the application site with simple temperature stimulation and without additional organic solvents, cross-linking agents, or external equipment, and the loaded drugs can be retained locally to improve the local drug concentration and avoid unexpected toxicity or side effects caused by systemic administration. All of these features have led to thermosensitive hydrogels being some of the most promising and practical drug delivery systems. In this paper, we review thermosensitive hydrogel materials with biomedical application potential, including natural and synthetic materials. We describe their structural characteristics and gelation mechanism and briefly summarize the mechanism of drug release from thermosensitive hydrogels. Our focus in this review was to summarize the application of thermosensitive hydrogels in disease treatment, including the postoperative recurrence of tumors, the delivery of vaccines, the prevention of postoperative adhesions, the treatment of nervous system diseases via nasal brain targeting, wound healing, and osteoarthritis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, China;
| | - Yi Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Jilin 133002, China;
| | - Rongrong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei 063210, China;
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100850, China;
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (J.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Jianchun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, China;
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (J.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Shenghan Song
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (J.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Aiping Zheng
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100850, China;
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Mura P, Maestrelli F, Cirri M, Mennini N. Multiple Roles of Chitosan in Mucosal Drug Delivery: An Updated Review. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:335. [PMID: 35621986 PMCID: PMC9146108 DOI: 10.3390/md20050335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) is a linear polysaccharide obtained by the deacetylation of chitin, which, after cellulose, is the second biopolymer most abundant in nature, being the primary component of the exoskeleton of crustaceans and insects. Since joining the pharmaceutical field, in the early 1990s, CS attracted great interest, which has constantly increased over the years, due to its several beneficial and favorable features, including large availability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, simplicity of chemical modifications, mucoadhesion and permeation enhancer power, joined to its capability of forming films, hydrogels and micro- and nanoparticles. Moreover, its cationic character, which renders it unique among biodegradable polymers, is responsible for the ability of CS to strongly interact with different types of molecules and for its intrinsic antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and hemostatic activities. However, its pH-dependent solubility and susceptibility to ions presence may represent serious drawbacks and require suitable strategies to be overcome. Presently, CS and its derivatives are widely investigated for a great variety of pharmaceutical applications, particularly in drug delivery. Among the alternative routes to overcome the problems related to the classic oral drug administration, the mucosal route is becoming the favorite non-invasive delivery pathway. This review aims to provide an updated overview of the applications of CS and its derivatives in novel formulations intended for different methods of mucosal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Mura
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (F.M.); (M.C.); (N.M.)
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Thapa R, Gurung S, Parat MO, Parekh HS, Pandey P. Application of Sol–Gels for Treatment of Gynaecological Conditions—Physiological Perspectives and Emerging Concepts in Intravaginal Drug Delivery. Gels 2022; 8:gels8020099. [PMID: 35200479 PMCID: PMC8871440 DOI: 10.3390/gels8020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Approaches for effective and sustained drug delivery to the female reproductive tract (FRT) for treating a range of gynaecological conditions remain limited. The development of versatile delivery platforms, such as soluble gels (sol–gels) coupled with applicators/devices, holds considerable therapeutic potential for gynaecological conditions. Sol–gel systems, which undergo solution-to-gel transition, triggered by physiological conditions such as changes in temperature, pH, or ion composition, offer advantages of both solution- and gel-based drug formulations. Furthermore, they have potential to be used as a suitable drug delivery vehicle for other novel drug formulations, including micro- and nano-particulate systems, enabling the delivery of drug molecules of diverse physicochemical character. We provide an anatomical and physiological perspective of the significant challenges and opportunities in attaining optimal drug delivery to the upper and lower FRT. Discussion then focuses on attributes of sol–gels that can vastly improve the treatment of gynaecological conditions. The review concludes by showcasing recent advances in vaginal formulation design, and proposes novel formulation strategies enabling the infusion of a wide range of therapeutics into sol–gels, paving the way for patient-friendly treatment regimens for acute and chronic FRT-related conditions such as bacterial/viral infection control (e.g., STDs), contraception, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), infertility, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Thapa
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (R.T.); (M.-O.P.)
| | - Shila Gurung
- School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara-30, Kaski 33700, Nepal;
| | - Marie-Odile Parat
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (R.T.); (M.-O.P.)
| | - Harendra S. Parekh
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (R.T.); (M.-O.P.)
- Correspondence: (H.S.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Preeti Pandey
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (R.T.); (M.-O.P.)
- Correspondence: (H.S.P.); (P.P.)
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Zielińska A, Eder P, Rannier L, Cardoso JC, Severino P, Silva AM, Souto EB. Hydrogels for modified-release drug delivery systems. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 28:609-618. [PMID: 34967292 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666211230114755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels for the modified-release drug delivery systems is a continuously growing area of interest for the pharmaceutical industry. According to the global market, the use of polymers in this area is projected to reach $31.4 million by 2027. This review discusses the recent advances and perspectives of hydrogel in drug delivery systems for oral, parenteral, nasal, topical, and ophthalmic. The search strategy did in January 2021, and it conducted an extensive database to identify studies published from January 2010 to December 2020.We described the main characteristic of the polymers to obtain an ideal hydrogel for a specific route of administration and the formulations that was a highlight in the literature. It concluded that the hydrogels are a set useful to decrease the number of doses, side effects, promote adhesion of patient and enhances the bioavailability of the drugs improving the safety and efficacy of the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Zielińska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Eder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
| | - Lucas Rannier
- Institute of Technology and Research and University of Tiradentes, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Juliana C Cardoso
- Institute of Technology and Research and University of Tiradentes, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Severino
- Institute of Technology and Research and University of Tiradentes, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
- Tiradentes Institute, 150 Mt Vernon St, Dorchester, MA 02125, USA
| | - Amélia M Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD); 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), UTAD, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Eliana B Souto
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Konduru N, Kethe VB, Gundla R, Katari NK, Mallavarapu R. Determination of progesterone (steroid drug) in the semi-solid dosage form (vaginal gel) using a stability-indicating method by RP-HPLC/PDA detector. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 36:e5246. [PMID: 34523747 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A simple stability-indicating method was developed and validated for the determination of progesterone (a steroid drug) in the semi-solid dosage form. All the impurities were separated from the main compound with a simple stationary phase (Eclipse XDB, C8, 150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase A contained phosphate buffer and acetonitrile in the ratio of 90:10, v/v, and mobile phase B contained purified water and acetonitrile in the ratio of 10:90, v/v. The optimized chromatographic conditions were as follows: flow rate, 1.0 mL min-1 ; UV detection, 241 nm; injection volume, 10 μL; and the column temperature, 30°C. The method was validated as per the current ICH Q2 guidelines. The recovery study and linearity ranges were established from 50 to 300% optimal concentrations. The method validation results were found between 98 and 102% for accuracy and r2 = 0.999 for linearity. Forced degradation in hydrolytic, oxidative, thermolytic, and photostability conditions was performed, and the stability indicating nature of the method was proved. Based on the validation and forced degradation results, the current method was found to be specific, precise, accurate, linear, robust, and stability-indicating method. The developed method was cost effective and easy to handle for quality control analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Konduru
- Analytical Research and Development, YunNan Longjin Careyou Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yunnan Province, Kunming City, China
| | - Vijay Babu Kethe
- Analytical Research and Development, WUXI STA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Rambabu Gundla
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Hyderabad, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Katari
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Hyderabad, India
| | - Ravindra Mallavarapu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Hyderabad, India
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11
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Okur NÜ, Bülbül EÖ, Yağcılar AP, Siafaka PI. Current Status of Mucoadhesive Gel Systems for Buccal Drug Delivery. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:2015-2025. [PMID: 33726644 DOI: 10.2174/1381612824666210316101528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Buccal drug delivery is a fascinating research field. Gel-based formulations present potent characteristics as buccal systems since they have great physicochemical properties. METHODS Among the various gels, in situ gels are viscous colloidal systems consisting of polymers; when physiological conditions change (pH, temperature, ion activation), they are transformed into the gel phase. These systems can improve bioavailability. Other systems, such as nanogels or emulgels can also be applied for buccal delivery with promising results. Polymeric gel-based systems can be produced by natural, semisynthetic, and synthetic polymers. Their main advantage is that the active molecules can be released in a sustained and controllable manner. Several gels based on chitosan are produced for the entrapment of drugs demonstrating efficient retention time and bioavailability due to chitosan mucoadhesion. Besides polysaccharides, poloxamers and carbopol are also used in buccal gels due to their high swelling ability and reversed thermal gelation behavior. RESULTS Herein, the authors focused on the current development of mucoadhesive gel systems used in buccal drug delivery. After explaining buccal drug delivery and mucoadhesion, various studies with hydrogels, in situ gels, and nanogels were analyzed as buccal gel systems. Various mucoadhesive gel studies with mucoadhesive polymers have been studied and summarized. This review is presented as valuable guidance to scientists in formulating buccal mucoadhesive drug delivery systems. CONCLUSION This review aimed to assist researchers working on buccal drug delivery by summarizing buccal drug delivery, mucoadhesion, and buccal mucoadhesive gel systems recently found in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan Ü Okur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ece Ö Bülbül
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe P Yağcılar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Panoraia I Siafaka
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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12
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Arpa MD, Yoltaş A, Onay Tarlan E, Şenyüz CŞ, Sipahi H, Aydın A, Üstündağ Okur N. New therapeutic system based on hydrogels for vaginal candidiasis management: formulation–characterization and in vitro evaluation based on vaginal irritation and direct contact test. Pharm Dev Technol 2020; 25:1238-1248. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2020.1809457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Davut Arpa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Yoltaş
- Fundamental and Industrial Microbiology Division, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ecehan Onay Tarlan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cemre Şahin Şenyüz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hande Sipahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Aydın
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Üstündağ Okur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
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