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Haque MA, Nath ND, Johnston TV, Haruna S, Ahn J, Ovissipour R, Ku S. Harnessing biotechnology for penicillin production: Opportunities and environmental considerations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174236. [PMID: 38942308 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Since the discovery of antibiotics, penicillin has remained the top choice in clinical medicine. With continuous advancements in biotechnology, penicillin production has become cost-effective and efficient. Genetic engineering techniques have been employed to enhance biosynthetic pathways, leading to the production of new penicillin derivatives with improved properties and increased efficacy against antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Advances in bioreactor design, media formulation, and process optimization have contributed to higher yields, reduced production costs, and increased penicillin accessibility. While biotechnological advances have clearly benefited the global production of this life-saving drug, they have also created challenges in terms of waste management. Production fermentation broths from industries contain residual antibiotics, by-products, and other contaminants that pose direct environmental threats, while increased global consumption intensifies the risk of antimicrobial resistance in both the environment and living organisms. The current geographical and spatial distribution of antibiotic and penicillin consumption dramatically reveals a worldwide threat. These challenges are being addressed through the development of novel waste management techniques. Efforts are aimed at both upstream and downstream processing of antibiotic and penicillin production to minimize costs and improve yield efficiency while lowering the overall environmental impact. Yield optimization using artificial intelligence (AI), along with biological and chemical treatment of waste, is also being explored to reduce adverse impacts. The implementation of strict regulatory frameworks and guidelines is also essential to ensure proper management and disposal of penicillin production waste. This review is novel because it explores the key remaining challenges in antibiotic development, the scope of machine learning tools such as Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) in modern biotechnology-driven production, improved waste management for antibiotics, discovering alternative path to reducing antibiotic use in agriculture through alternative meat production, addressing current practices, and offering effective recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ariful Haque
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.
| | - Nirmalendu Deb Nath
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA.
| | - Tony Vaughn Johnston
- Fermentation Science Program, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, USA.
| | - Samuel Haruna
- Fermentation Science Program, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, USA.
| | - Jaehyun Ahn
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.
| | - Reza Ovissipour
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.
| | - Seockmo Ku
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.
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Khanal S, K C S, Joshi TP, Han Z, Wang C, Maharjan J, Tuladhar R, Joshi DR. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing bacteria and their resistance determinants in different wastewaters and rivers in Nepal. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 473:134660. [PMID: 38795483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Wastewaters serve as significant reservoirs of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Despite the evidence of antimicrobial resistance in wastewaters and river water in Kathmandu, direct linkage between them is not discussed yet. This study investigated the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria and associated resistance genes in wastewaters and river water. Out of 246 bacteria from wastewaters, 57.72% were ESBL producers and 77.64% of them were multidrug resistant (MDR). ESBL producing E. coli was dominant in municipal and hospital wastewaters (HWW) as well as in river water while K. pneumoniae was common in pharmaceutical wastewater. The blaSHV and blaTEM genes were prevalent and commonly co-occurred with aac(6')-Ib-cr in K. pneumoniae isolated pharmaceutical wastewater. blaCTX-M carrying E. coli from hospital co-harbored aac(6')-Ib-cr while that from municipal influent and river water co-harbored qnrS. Whole genome sequencing data revealed the presence of diverse ARGs in bacterial isolates against multiple antibiotics. In average, an E. coli and a K. pneumoniae isolate contained 55.75 ± 0.96 and 40.2 ± 5.36 ARGs, respectively. Multi-locus sequence typing showed the presence of globally high-risk clones with wider host range such as E. coli ST10, and K. pneumoniae ST15 and ST307 in HWW and river indicating frequent dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in wastewater of Kathmandu. Whole genome sequence data aligned with phenotypic antibiograms and resistance genes detected by PCR in selected isolates. The presence of significant plasmid replicons (IncF, IncY) and mobile genetic elements (IS903, IS26) indicate high frequency of spreading antibiotic resistance. These findings indicate burden and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in the environment and highlight the need for effective strategies to mitigate the antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Khanal
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal; Environment Research Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Lalitpur, Nepal; Department of Microbiology, Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sudeep K C
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal; Environment Research Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Tista Prasai Joshi
- Environment Research Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Ziming Han
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chunzhen Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jyoti Maharjan
- Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Reshma Tuladhar
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Dev Raj Joshi
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal.
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Isolation and characterization of MDR- Klebsiella pneumonia phage from Euphrates River in Al-Anbar city. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2022. [DOI: 10.53730/ijhs.v6ns2.6208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In Iraq, there is no active action for Al-Ramadi teaching hospital for maternity and children waste which is straightforwardly discharge in to Euphrates River in Al-Anbar city. As a result, the numbers of multi-drugs resistant bacteria were raised specially in Enterobacteriaceae family (Klebsiella pneumonia). Nevertheless, modern studies are using phages isolated from similar ecosystem as a biologic alternate for antimicrobic remedy. The present work has an aim to isolate Klebsiella pneumonia and categorise its antibiotic resistance elements from Euphrates River in Al-Anbar city, Iraq. As well as isolation of phages from the similar collected river water specimens then examining their repressive consequence on MDR- Klebsiella pneumonia isolates. Water specimens were taken from 5 sites in to Euphrates River near to the residues of sewage estuaries that run straight to the main river for many regions of Ramadi city. These specimens were inoculated on MacConkey agar plates for morphologic appearance, and biochemical characters by API- 20E test and confirmed by VITEK 2. Disc diffusion technique was performed to identify antibiotic sensitivity.
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Ali A, Hasan P, Irfan M, Uddin A, Khan A, Saraswat J, Maguire R, Kavanagh K, Patel R, Joshi MC, Azam A, Mohsin M, Haque QMR, Abid M. Development of Oxadiazole-Sulfonamide-Based Compounds as Potential Antibacterial Agents. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:27798-27813. [PMID: 34722980 PMCID: PMC8552329 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, substituted 1,2,4-oxadiazoles (OX1-OX27) were screened against five bacterial strains, identified to be OX7 and OX11 as growth inhibitors with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 31.25 and 15.75 μg/mL, respectively. The growth inhibitory property of OX7 and OX11 was further validated by disk diffusion, growth curve, and time kill curve assays. Both disrupted biofilm formation with 92-100% reduction examined by the XTT assay were further visualized by scanning electron microscopy analysis. These compounds in combination with ciprofloxacin also exhibit synergy against Escherichia coli cells. With insignificant cytotoxic behavior on HEK293 cells, human red blood cells, and Galleria mellonella larvae, OX11 was tested against 28 multidrug resistant environmental isolates of bacteria and showed inhibition of Kluyvera georgiana and Citrobacter werkmanii strains with 32 and 16 μg/mL MIC values, respectively. The synergistic behavior of OX11 with ampicillin showed many fold reductions in MIC values against K. georgiana and Klebsiella pneumoniae multidrug resistant strains. Further, transmission electron microscopy analysis of OX11-treated E. coli cells showed a significantly damaged cell wall, which resulted in the loss of integrity and cytosolic oozing. OX11 showed significant changes in the secondary structure of human serum albumin (HSA) in the presence of OX11, enhancing HSA stability. Overall, the study provided a suitable core for further synthetic alterations and development as an antibacterial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Ali
- Microbiology
Research Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Phool Hasan
- Medicinal
Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mohammad Irfan
- Medicinal
Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Amad Uddin
- Medicinal
Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Ashba Khan
- Medicinal
Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Juhi Saraswat
- Biophysical
Chemistry Laboratory, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic
Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Ronan Maguire
- Department
of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare ABC127 Ireland
| | - Kevin Kavanagh
- Department
of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare ABC127 Ireland
| | - Rajan Patel
- Biophysical
Chemistry Laboratory, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic
Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mukesh C. Joshi
- Motilal
Nehru College, University of Delhi, Benito Juarez Marg, South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Amir Azam
- Department
of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mohd. Mohsin
- Metabolic
Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Qazi Mohd. Rizwanul Haque
- Microbiology
Research Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mohammad Abid
- Medicinal
Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
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