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V. L. Sirisha Mulukuri N, Kumar S, Dhara M, Dheeraj Rajesh G, Kumar P. Statistical modeling, optimization and characterization of andrographolide loaded emulgel for its therapeutic application on skin cancer through enhancing its skin permeability. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:102068. [PMID: 38699597 PMCID: PMC11063646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Andrographolide is a natural diterpene lactone with multiple biological effects. In the present study, a total of 11 andrographolide-loaded emulgels (ANG 1- ANG 11) were prepared by emulsification and solvent evaporation method using flaxseed oil and xanthan gum in different ratios, as suggested by the Design-Expert software. A 2-factor-5-level design was employed with different responses including spreadability, extrudability, viscosity, and drug release after 1 h (h) and 24 h. Based on the Design-Expert software response, the optimized emulgel ANG 12 was formulated and evaluated. The 24 h In-vitro drug release was found to be 95.7 % following Higuchi kinetics. Ex-vivo skin retention of 784.78 ug/cm2 was observed during the study. MTT assay performed on Human epidermoid carcinoma (A-431) cells demonstrated cell growth arrest at G0/G1 and G2/M phase after 24 h of ANG 12 treatment (IC50: 11.5 µg/ml). The cellular permeability of ANG-12 was assessed by Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) assay. Compared to untreated cells (0.54 % uptake) the ANG-12 treated cells had shown 87.17 % FITC permeation. The biocompatibility study performed on non-cancerous human dermal fibroblast cells (HDF cells) shows 91.54 % viability after 24 h of the treatment showing the non-toxic nature of ANG-12. Confocal imaging had shown a significant time-dependent increase in in-vivo cellular uptake with enhanced, progressive penetration of the emulgel into the skin. An in-vivo skin irritation study conducted on Swiss albino mice confirmed the safety aspects of the ANG 12. Hence, it can be concluded that nanoemulgel of andrographolide (ANG 12) could be a novel approach to treating skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. V. L. Sirisha Mulukuri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Sujeet Kumar
- Nitte College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Moumita Dhara
- Nitte College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Gupta Dheeraj Rajesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
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Sinha A, Garg U, Nagaich U, Chaudhary A, Pandey M, Jain N. Emulgels: a promising topical drug delivery system for arthritis management and care. Pharm Dev Technol 2024; 29:25-39. [PMID: 38014878 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2023.2289170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emulgels, hybrid formulations of emulsions and gels, offer distinct benefits viz. extended release, enhanced bioavailability, and targeted drug delivery to inflamed joints, thereby minimizing systemic side effects, and maximizing therapeutic efficacy in targeting the diseases. Oral medications and topical creams have limitations viz. limited permeation, efficacy, and side effects. Arthritis is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disorder affecting a substantial global population of about 350 million necessitating the exploration of innovative and effective treatment approaches. Inflammation of one or more joints in the body is referred to generally as arthritis, associated with joint discomfort, edema, stiffness, and decreased motion in the joints. MAIN PART Emulgels further improve drug solubility and penetration into the affected tissues, augmenting the potential for disease-modifying effects. This review article comprehensively examines recent research for the potential of emulgels (micro- and nanoemulgels) as a potential therapeutic approach for arthritis management, thus showcasing their promising potential in precise treatment regimens. Despite the considerable progress in emulgel-based arthritis therapies, the review emphasizes the need for additional research and translation to clinical trials, thus ascertaining their long-term safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness compared to conventional treatments. CONCLUSION With ongoing advancements in drug delivery, emulgels present an exciting frontier in arthritis-associated conditions, with the potential to revolutionize arthritis treatment and significantly enhance patient life's quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sinha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Unnati Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Upendra Nagaich
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai, India
| | - Amit Chaudhary
- Chitkara University School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Manisha Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Neha Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, India
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Kobra K, Wong SY, Mazumder MAJ, Li X, Arafat MT. Xanthan and gum acacia modified olive oil based nanoemulsion as a controlled delivery vehicle for topical formulations. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126868. [PMID: 37729997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, olive oil nanoemulsion modified with xanthan gum and gum acacia was explored as a potential controlled topical delivery vehicle. Oil-in-water nanoemulsion formulated with optimized composition of olive oil, tween 80, and water was used as the drug carrier and further modified with gum. Effect of gum on nanoemulsion different physiochemical characteristics, stability, rheology, drug release and encapsulation efficiency were investigated. Results showed that developed nanoemulsion behaved as low viscosity Newtonian fluid and released 100 % drug within 6 h. Modification with xanthan and gum acacia had significantly improved formulation viscosity, drug encapsulation efficiency (>85 %) and controlled drug release up to 40 % with release pattern following Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Additionally, xanthan gum modified formulation exhibited shear thinning rheology by forming an extended network in the continuous phase, whereas gum acacia modified formulation behaved as Newtonian fluid at high shear rate (>200 s-1). Furthermore, xanthan gum modified formulations had improved zeta potential, stability, monodispersity, and hemocompatibility and showed high antibacterial activity against S. aureus than gum acacia modified formulations. These results indicate the higher potential of xanthan gum modified formulation as a topical delivery vehicle. Moreover, skin irritation test demonstrated the safety of developed formulations for topical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijatul Kobra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Siew Yee Wong
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Mohammad A Jafar Mazumder
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xu Li
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore; Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - M Tarik Arafat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh.
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Milutinov J, Krstonošić V, Ćirin D, Pavlović N. Emulgels: Promising Carrier Systems for Food Ingredients and Drugs. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102302. [PMID: 37242878 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel delivery systems for cosmetics, drugs, and food ingredients are of great scientific and industrial interest due to their ability to incorporate and protect active substances, thus improving their selectivity, bioavailability, and efficacy. Emulgels are emerging carrier systems that represent a mixture of emulsion and gel, which are particularly significant for the delivery of hydrophobic substances. However, the proper selection of main constituents determines the stability and efficacy of emulgels. Emulgels are dual-controlled release systems, where the oil phase is utilized as a carrier for hydrophobic substances and it determines the occlusive and sensory properties of the product. The emulsifiers are used to promote emulsification during production and to ensure emulsion stability. The choice of emulsifying agents is based on their capacity to emulsify, their toxicity, and their route of administration. Generally, gelling agents are used to increase the consistency of formulation and improve sensory properties by making these systems thixotropic. The gelling agents also impact the release of active substances from the formulation and stability of the system. Therefore, the aim of this review is to gain new insights into emulgel formulations, including the components selection, methods of preparation, and characterization, which are based on recent advances in research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Milutinov
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Veljko Krstonošić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dejan Ćirin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nebojša Pavlović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Dasatinib-Loaded Topical Nano-Emulgel for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Formulation Design and Optimization by QbD, In Vitro, Ex Vivo, and In Vivo Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030736. [PMID: 36986597 PMCID: PMC10052882 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to develop a topical emulgel of dasatinib (DTB) for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment to reduce systemic side effects. The quality by design (QbD) approach was employed to optimize DTB-loaded nano-emulgel using a central composite design (CCD). Emulgel was prepared using the hot emulsification method, and then the particle size (PS) was reduced using the homogenization technique. The PS and % entrapment efficiency (% EE) were found to be 172.53 ± 3.33 nm (0.160 ± 0.014 PDI) and 95.11 ± 0.16%, respectively. The nano-emulsion (CF018 emulsion) in vitro drug release profile showed sustained release (SR) up to 24 h. MTT assay results from an in vitro cell line study revealed that formulation excipients had no effect, whereas emulgel showed a high degree of internalization. Furthermore, emulgel treatment significantly reduced LPS-induced TNF-α production in RAW 264.7 cells. The spherical shape was depicted in FESEM images of optimized nano-emulgel (CF018 emulgel) formulation. Ex vivo skin permeation was significantly increased when compared to the free drug-loaded gel (FDG). In vivo data revealed that the optimized CF018 emulgel is a non-irritant and is safe. In terms of paw swelling, the FCA-induced arthritis model demonstrated that the CF018 emulgel reduced paw swelling percentage compared to adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) control group. Following clinical testing in the near future, the designed preparation could be a viable alternative treatment for RA.
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Development and evaluation emulgel for effective management of the imiquimod-induced psoriasis. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:301-320. [PMID: 36609718 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Our main aim is in the present investigation, development and evaluation of seabuckthorn oil-based Emulgel formulation for psoriasis therapy. Anti-psoriatic activity of the SeaEmulgel was studied using Imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like inflammation model Balb/c mice and parameters such as PASI score, ear thickness, spleen to body weight index including histological staining studies, enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA), skin compliance and safety evaluation of sea buckthorn oil was performed. The globule size and PDI of sea buckthorn oil emulsion were found to be 172.70 ± 1.73 nm and 0.117 ± 0.018, respectively. In-vivo animal studies performed on male Balb/c mice and emulgel showed a reduction in redness, scaling, inflammation in psoriasis-induced mice, which was analysed by PASI scoring, body weight, spleen weight index and ear thickness. The current investigation clearly revealed the better anti-psoriatic activity of SeaEmulgel formulation against imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation Balb/c mice model.
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Emulsion Gel: a Dual Drug Delivery Platform for Osteoarthritis Treatment. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-022-00282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kumar M, Thakur A, Mandal UK, Thakur A, Bhatia A. Foam-Based Drug Delivery: A Newer Approach for Pharmaceutical Dosage Form. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:244. [DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02390-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Suksaeree J, Simchareon W, Pichayakorn W. Effect of glycols permeation enhancer on the release and permeation of meloxicam-natural rubber film through pig skin. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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