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Omotosho TOA, Sanyang Y, Senghore T. Diabetic foot self-care knowledge and practice among patients with diabetes attending diabetic clinic in the Gambia. Int Wound J 2024; 21:e14963. [PMID: 38989596 PMCID: PMC11237878 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcer is the most common complication causing lots of admissions among diabetic patients. Understanding patients' level of foot self-care knowledge, practice and associated factors is important for planning interventions to control and prevent diabetic foot complications. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge and practice of foot self-care among diabetic patients attending diabetic clinics in The Gambia. Two hundred and seventeen patients attending diabetic clinics in two public hospitals were selected using a successive sampling technique. Data were collected using a validated interviewer-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the demographic and clinical data. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with foot self-care knowledge and practice. The findings showed a poor level of foot self-care knowledge (n = 114; 52.5%) and practice (n = 149; 68.7%). Patients' educational level was statistically significantly association with diabetic foot self-care knowledge (p = 0.02). Diabetic foot ulcer history (aOR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.08-0.63; p < 0.001), diabetic hospitalization (aOR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.23-4.75, p = 0.01) and diabetic foot care education (aOR = 2.65, 95% CI: 1.39-5.06, p < 0.001) were statistically significantly associated with foot self-care practice. The poor diabetic foot self-care knowledge and practice among these patients emphasize the need for a diabetic health education program in these clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobiloba Oyejide Alex Omotosho
- Department of Nursing and Reproductive Health, School of Medicine and Allied Health ScienceUniversity of the GambiaBanjulThe Gambia
| | - Yusupha Sanyang
- Department of Nursing and Reproductive Health, School of Medicine and Allied Health ScienceUniversity of the GambiaBanjulThe Gambia
| | - Thomas Senghore
- Department of Nursing and Reproductive Health, School of Medicine and Allied Health ScienceUniversity of the GambiaBanjulThe Gambia
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Al‐Ashkar T, Alhussein T, Eido MS, Al‐Hassan S, Alam A, Fathallah M, Al‐Abdullah M, Alhiraki O, Al‐Busaidi IS. Level of and factors associated with foot self-care among people with diabetes in Idlib Province of Northwest Syria: A cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2098. [PMID: 38779220 PMCID: PMC11109043 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Diabetic foot and lower limb problems are among the most neglected complications during the Syrian armed conflict due to the absence of a functioning health infrastructure, including early detection and timely management of limb-threatening wounds. This study aimed to determine self-reported diabetes-related foot disease (DRFD), adherence to recommended foot self-care (FSC) practices, and associated factors among people with diabetes in war-torn Northwest Syria (NWS). Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted at six primary care clinics in Idlib, NWS, between March 27 and April 17, 2022, utilizing the validated interviewer-administered Diabetes Foot Disease and Foot Care Questionnaire. Data on demographic characteristics, DRFD, and FSC practices were collected. FSC score was determined by adding the points from all 12 FSC items, with a maximum score of 48, and were categorized into very poor (≤12), poor (13-24), moderate (25-36), and good (37-48). A convenience sample of 331 consecutive Syrians, aged ≥18 years, with diabetes, were invited. Multiple linear regression was used to identify variables associated with FSC practices. Results A total of 328 patients completed the questionnaire (response rate: 99.1%). The overall FSC score was average (mean total score 27.24, SD 7.03). Over one-third (37.8%) had a very poor/poor score, 50.3% had an average score, and 11.9% had a good score. Household income/month of ≥51 USD (β = 2.6, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]:1.06-4.1, p = 0.001) and diabetes duration of ≥10 years (β = 1.8, 95% Cl: 0.2-3.4, p = 0.027) significantly predicted better FSC practice. Conclusion A significant proportion of participants had inadequate adoption FSC behaviors. Higher socioeconomic status was associated with better FSC practices. Future research should evaluate diabetic foot education and professional foot care in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq Al‐Ashkar
- Faculty of MedicineIdlib UniversityIdlibSyria
- Northwest Syria Research Team (NWS‐RT)IdlibSyria
| | - Thaer Alhussein
- Faculty of MedicineIdlib UniversityIdlibSyria
- Northwest Syria Research Team (NWS‐RT)IdlibSyria
| | - Mohammad S. Eido
- Faculty of MedicineIdlib UniversityIdlibSyria
- Northwest Syria Research Team (NWS‐RT)IdlibSyria
| | - Shaimaa Al‐Hassan
- Faculty of MedicineIdlib UniversityIdlibSyria
- Northwest Syria Research Team (NWS‐RT)IdlibSyria
| | - Ali Alam
- Faculty of MedicineIdlib UniversityIdlibSyria
- Northwest Syria Research Team (NWS‐RT)IdlibSyria
| | - Maryam Fathallah
- Faculty of MedicineIdlib UniversityIdlibSyria
- Northwest Syria Research Team (NWS‐RT)IdlibSyria
| | - Muhammad Al‐Abdullah
- Faculty of MedicineIdlib UniversityIdlibSyria
- Northwest Syria Research Team (NWS‐RT)IdlibSyria
| | - Omar Alhiraki
- Northwest Syria Research Team (NWS‐RT)IdlibSyria
- Acute Medicine DepartmentLincoln County Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustLincolnUK
| | - Ibrahim S. Al‐Busaidi
- Department of Primary Care and Clinical SimulationUniversity of OtagoChristchurchNew Zealand
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Qutob RA, Hakami OA, Aldosari L, Alharfi M, Alnader RY, Alomar A, Alaryni A, Alghamdi A, Alsolamy E, Al Harbi K, Alammari Y, Alotay AA, Alhajery MA, Alanazi A. Foot Care Prioritization Among Health Care Providers Treating Diabetic Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Survey-Based Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e50798. [PMID: 38239532 PMCID: PMC10796156 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic foot disease (DFD) is a significant complication associated with diabetes, characterized by the potential for progressive amputation of specific foot segments or the entire lower limb in the absence of timely identification of infection and intervention. The aim of our research is to evaluate the degree of importance given to foot care by healthcare professionals who are responsible for treating individuals with diabetes in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. METHODS This cross-sectional study utilized an online survey previously validated in Australia. The mean foot care prioritization score was used to identify the dummy variable for binary logistic regression analysis, which was used to identify predictors of foot care prioritization. RESULTS A total of 222 participants were involved in this study. Assessing for the risk of developing foot complications, visually inspecting feet for wounds, and providing or recommending footwear to prevent foot complications were the most commonly reported practices, accounting for 80.60% (n = 178), 76.10% (n = 169), and 75.20% (n = 167), respectively. The most commonly referred patients to a specialist tertiary multi-disciplinary foot care team were patients with ulcers in patients with absent foot pulses, ulcers with ascending cellulitis, and diabetic ulceration, accounting for 73.50% (n = 163), 71.60% (n = 159), and 66.70% (n = 148), respectively. The mean foot care prioritization score for the study participants was 54.1 (standard deviation: 11.7) out of 78 (69.4%), which demonstrates a moderately high level of foot care prioritization. Binary logistic regression analysis identified that healthcare professionals who are aged 35-44 years, those who have 5-10 years of experience, those who work at private hospitals, those who have a higher number of practice clinics per week, and those who have to manage a higher number of patients with diabetes in each clinic were more likely to prioritize foot care in their practices (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our study found that healthcare professionals in Saudi Arabia place a moderate degree of emphasis on foot care. Healthcare professionals falling within the age range of 35-44 years, possessing 5-10 years of experience, employed at private hospitals, overseeing a greater number of practice clinics weekly, and managing a greater number of patients with diabetes per clinic exhibited a greater propensity to prioritize foot care within their respective practices. Policymakers should consider the integration of continuous glucose monitoring technologies, the establishment of standardized foot screening protocols, and the implementation of targeted educational programs for healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan A Qutob
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Osamah A Hakami
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdullah Medical City in Holy Capital (KAMC-HC), Makkah, SAU
| | - Layan Aldosari
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Mohammad Alharfi
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Raghad Y Alnader
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Abdulaziz Alomar
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Abdullah Alaryni
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Abdullah Alghamdi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Eysa Alsolamy
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Khalid Al Harbi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Yousef Alammari
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Abdulwahed Abdulaziz Alotay
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Mohammad A Alhajery
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Abdulrahman Alanazi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, SAU
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B. G. S, V. U, Shivaram JM, Belehalli P, M. A. S, H. C. C, Sikkandar MY, Brioschi ML. Diabetic Foot Assessment and Care: Barriers and Facilitators in a Cross-Sectional Study in Bangalore, India. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5929. [PMID: 37297533 PMCID: PMC10252617 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20115929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: This cross-sectional study aims to highlight the assessment and foot care practices in an advanced clinical setting, the clinical characteristics of the patients, and to understand the barriers and facilitators for effective foot care from the perspectives of healthcare practices, resources, and patients' socioeconomic and cultural practices, and other aspects in terms of new technologies for effective foot care such as infrared thermography. (2) Methods: Clinical test data from 158 diabetic patients and a questionnaire to assess the foot care education retention rate were collected at the Karnataka Institute of Endocrinology and Research (KIER) facility. (3) Results: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) were found in 6% of the examined individuals. Male patients were more likely to have diabetes complications, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.18 (CI = 0.49-2.84). Other diabetes problems raised the likelihood of DFUs by OR 5 (CI = 1.40-17.77). The constraints include socioeconomic position, employment conditions, religious customs, time and cost, and medication non-adherence. The attitude of podiatrists and nurses, diabetic foot education, and awareness protocols and amenities at the facility were all facilitators. (4) Conclusions: Most diabetic foot complications might be avoided with foot care education, regular foot assessments as the standard of treatment, and self-care as a preventive/therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha B. G.
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, B.M.S. College of Engineering, Bangalore 560019, India
| | - Umadevi V.
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, B.M.S. College of Engineering, Bangalore 560019, India
| | - Joshi Manisha Shivaram
- Department of Medical Electronics, B.M.S. College of Engineering, Bangalore 560019, India
| | - Pavan Belehalli
- Department of Podiatry, Karnataka Institute of Endocrinology and Research, Bangalore 560019, India
| | - Shekar M. A.
- Department of Podiatry, Karnataka Institute of Endocrinology and Research, Bangalore 560019, India
| | - Chaluvanarayana H. C.
- Department of Podiatry, Karnataka Institute of Endocrinology and Research, Bangalore 560019, India
| | - Mohamed Yacin Sikkandar
- Medical Equipment Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marcos Leal Brioschi
- Medical Thermography Service, Neurology Department, Hospital das Clínicas, Sao Paulo University, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
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Osunde RN, Olorunfemi O. Knowledge, practice, and challenges of diabetes foot care among patients at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City: A cross-sectional study. Ayu 2023; 44:1-8. [PMID: 38505106 PMCID: PMC10946662 DOI: 10.4103/ayu.ayu_282_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Foot ulcer is a common complication of diabetes and the most devastating component of diabetes progression that is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Aims The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, practice, and challenges of diabetes foot care among patients with diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods This descriptive cross-sectional study assessed knowledge and practice of foot care among type I and type II patients with diabetes attending the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire with a reliability of 0.880. SPSS version 22 was used to analyze the data. Results The findings revealed that there is good knowledge of foot care, among 110 (50.0%) of the diabetic patients, while the practice of foot care was found to be poor among diabetic patients. It also shows the factor that statistically predicts the development of foot ulcers to include combined diet + oral medications + insulin treatment regimen (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.181, P = 0.016, confidence interval [CI] = 0.045-0.728), history of renal conditions (AOR = 0.115, P = 0.036, CI = 0.015-0.871), not receiving foot care education (AOR = 116.098, P < 0.001, CI = 12.497-1078.554), and receiving foot care education from nurses (AOR = 0.022, P = 0.001, CI = 0.002-0.216). Furthermore, 201 (91.4%) diabetes patients reported fatigue from completing the same task repeatedly, and 198 (90.0%) reported forgetfulness as obstacles to practicing foot care. Conclusion When creating DM Patients future care plans, nurses and other health-care administrators must take into account the difficulties and predicting factors related to the practice of diabetes foot care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary Ngozi Osunde
- Department of Nursing Science, Wellspring University, Benin-City, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Olaolorunpo Olorunfemi
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing Science, Achievers University, Owo, Ondo State Nigeria
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Kumar Gupta S, Rastogi A, Kaur M, Malhotra S, Lakshmi PVM. Foot Self-Care Behaviour among People with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus Living in Rural Underserved Area of North India: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2022:15347346221110074. [PMID: 35758288 DOI: 10.1177/15347346221110074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to ascertain the foot self-care behaviour and its associated factors among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) living in the rural resource-constrained health setting of Punjab, North India. A community based cross sectional study was undertaken in the randomly selected underserved rural area of District Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, North India. A pre-validated Nottingham Assessment of Functional Footcare (NAFF) scale was administered to assess foot self-care behaviour, and participants were classified based on the percentage of a maximum possible score of 84 on the scale, as poor, if the score was <50%, satisfactory if score 50%-70% and >70% good foot self-care behaviour. A total of 700 participants' responses were recorded. The study results revealed that 84% (588) of the respondents had poor, 16% (112) had satisfactory, and none were following good foot self-care behaviour. An outcome of multivariable logistics regression suggested satisfactory foot self-care behaviour was significantly associated with foot self-care education, with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 2.83 (95%, CI:1.62 - 4.93; p <0.01) among respondents who had received foot self-care education, literate than illiterate (aOR 2.50 95%, CI:1.31- 4.74; p <0.01) and women compared to men (aOR 1.69 95%, CI: 1.06 -2.70; p -0.26). This study revealed that foot self-care behaviours were alarmingly low among people with T2DM living in rural resource-constrained health settings of Punjab, North India, suggesting an urgent need to disseminate foot self-care education to prevent diabetes foot related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, 29751Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012
| | - Ashu Rastogi
- Department of Endocrinology, 29751Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012
| | - Manmeet Kaur
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, 29751Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012
| | - Sunita Malhotra
- Department of Dietetics, 29751Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012
| | - P V M Lakshmi
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, 29751Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012
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Mekonen EG, Gebeyehu Demssie T. Preventive foot self-care practice and associated factors among diabetic patients attending the university of Gondar comprehensive specialized referral hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:124. [PMID: 35546665 PMCID: PMC9097232 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01044-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is emerging as a major worldwide health problem that has a social, financial, and developmental impact on developing countries. Foot complications are among the most serious and costly complications of diabetes which lead to lower extremity amputation due to diabetic foot ulcers. Poor diabetic foot self-care practice is identified by different studies as a major contributing factor to diabetic foot ulcers. Therefore, this study was intended to assess foot self-care practice and associated factors among diabetic patients attending the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized referral hospital. METHODS A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July 1 to August 30, 2021, at the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized referral hospital. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to select 384 diabetic patients. A structured pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The data was entered in epi-info version 7, analyzed using SPSS version 21, and presented using frequencies, percentages, tables, and graphs. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were investigated using a binary logistic regression model. P-value < 0.05 and an odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval were used to determine the significance and strength of the association. RESULTS Of the 384 diabetic patients, 46.4% (95% CI (41.1%-51.6%)) of them had poor foot self-care practice. Being male [AOR = 0.54, 95% CI (0.32, 0.89)], couldn't read and write and completed primary education [AOR = 2.35, 95% CI (1.01, 5.43)] & [AOR = 2.92, 95% CI (1.39, 6.12)], living in rural area [AOR = 3.84, 95% CI (1.91, 7.75)], having diabetic complications [AOR = 2.19, 95% CI (1.07, 4.46)], taking both injection and pills [AOR = 0.33, 95% CI (0.12, 0.88)], having previous information about foot care [AOR = 0.12, 95% CI (0.06, 0.24)], and family support [AOR = 0.57, 95% CI (0.34, 0.94)] were determinants of poor foot self-care practice. CONCLUSION The adherence of diabetic patients toward foot self-care practice was poor. Being male, having low educational status, living in a rural area, having diabetic-related complications, taking both injections and pills, not having previous information about foot care, and having poor family support increases the odds of having poor foot self-care practice. Giving health education to patients and their caregivers about the basic principles of diabetes foot care, like regular inspection of feet and appropriate footwear at their regular follow-up time, should be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyew Getaneh Mekonen
- Department of Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Tizita Gebeyehu Demssie
- Department of Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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