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Ruchika, Khan N, Dogra SS, Saneja A. The dawning era of oral thin films for nutraceutical delivery: From laboratory to clinic. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 73:108362. [PMID: 38615985 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Oral thin films (OTFs) are innovative dosage forms that have gained tremendous attention for the delivery of nutraceuticals. They are ultra-thin, flexible sheets that can be easily placed on the tongue, sublingual or buccal mucosa (inner lining of the cheek). These thin films possess several advantages for nutraceutical delivery including ease of administration, rapid disintegration, fast absorption, rapid onset of action, bypass first-pass hepatic metabolism, accurate dosing, enhanced stability, portability, discreetness, dose flexibility and most importantly consumer acceptance. This review highlights the utilization OTFs for nutraceutical delivery, their composition, criteria for excipient selection, methods of development and quality-based design (QbD) approach to achieve quality product. We have also provided recent case studies representing OTFs as promising platform in delivery of nutraceuticals (plant extracts, bioactive molecules, vitamins, minerals and protein/peptides) and probiotics. Finally, we provided advancement in technologies, recent patents, market analysis, challenges and future perspectives associated with this unique dosage form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika
- Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Nabab Khan
- Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shagun Sanjivv Dogra
- Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ankit Saneja
- Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Remedio LN, Garcia VADS, Rochetti AL, Berretta AA, Ferreira JA, Fukumasu H, Vanin FM, Yoshida CMP, de Carvalho RA. Oral Films Printed with Green Propolis Ethanolic Extract. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1811. [PMID: 39000666 PMCID: PMC11243841 DOI: 10.3390/polym16131811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral film (OF) research has intensified due to the effortless administration and advantages related to absorption in systemic circulation. Chitosan is one of the polymers widely used in the production of OFs; however, studies evaluating the maintenance of the active principles' activity are incipient. Propolis has been widely used as an active compound due to its different actions. Printing techniques to incorporate propolis in OFs prove to be efficient. The objective of the present study is to develop and characterize oral films based on chitosan and propolis using printing techniques and to evaluate the main activities of the extract incorporated into the polymeric matrix. The OFs were characterized in relation to the structure using scanning and atomic force electron microscopy; the mechanical properties, disintegration time, wettability, and stability of antioxidant activity were evaluated. The ethanolic extract of green propolis (GPEE) concentration influenced the properties of the OFs. The stability (phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity) was reduced in the first 20 days, and after this period, it remained constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Neodini Remedio
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, USP—University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (L.N.R.); (A.L.R.); (H.F.); (F.M.V.)
| | - Vitor Augusto dos Santos Garcia
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, UNESP—São Paulo State University, José Barbosa de Barros 1780, Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil;
| | - Arina Lazaro Rochetti
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, USP—University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (L.N.R.); (A.L.R.); (H.F.); (F.M.V.)
| | - Andresa Aparecida Berretta
- Research, Development & Innovation Department, Apis Flora Industrial e Comercial Ltda, Rua Triunfo 945, Ribeirão Preto 14020-670, SP, Brazil;
| | - Julieta Adriana Ferreira
- FHO—Hermínio Ometto Foundation, Av. Doutor Maximiliano Baruto 500, Araras 13607-339, SP, Brazil;
| | - Heidge Fukumasu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, USP—University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (L.N.R.); (A.L.R.); (H.F.); (F.M.V.)
| | - Fernanda Maria Vanin
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, USP—University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (L.N.R.); (A.L.R.); (H.F.); (F.M.V.)
| | - Cristiana Maria Pedroso Yoshida
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNIFESP—Federal University of São Paulo, Rua São Nicolau 210, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil;
| | - Rosemary Aparecida de Carvalho
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, USP—University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (L.N.R.); (A.L.R.); (H.F.); (F.M.V.)
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Ur Rahman A, Nasir F, Ali Khattak M, Hidayatullah T, Pervez S, Rabqa Zainab S, Tahir Ali A, Gohar S, E Maryam G, Almalki WH. Comparative pharmacokinetic evaluation of glimepiride orodispersable and conventional tablets in rabbits. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2024; 50:173-180. [PMID: 38265062 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2024.2307421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glimepiride Orodispersable Tablets (ODT) were prepared with the goal to have rapid onset of action and higher bioavailability with ease administration to individuals with swallowing difficulty to ameliorate patient compliance. SIGNIFICANCE Glimepiride is a contemporary hypoglycemic medication that belongs to the family of sulfonylurea derivatives. It is used in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Compliance adherence remains one of the limitations with the conventional drug delivery system especially in pediatric, geriatric, psychiatric, and traveling patients, for such population ODT provides a good alternate dosage form compared with Commercial Tablets. METHOD The Comparative in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters of the prepared ODT and conventional tablets (CT) were evaluated using an animal model. The plasma concentration of Glimepiride after oral administration of a single dose was determined at predetermined time intervals with HPLC. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using PK Solutions 2.0 from Summit PK® software. RESULTS The Cmax obtained with ODT (22.08 µg/ml) was significantly (p = 0.006) high, a lower tmax of 3.0 hr was achieved with the orodispersable formulation of the drug. The ODT showed 104.34% relative bioavailability as compared to CT and left shift of tmax as well. CONCLUSION As per findings of the in vivo investigation, the Glimepiride ODT would be beneficial in terms of patient compliance, quick onset of action, and increased bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaf Ur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Fazli Nasir
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muzna Ali Khattak
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, CECOS University Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | | | - Sadia Pervez
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | | | - Arbab Tahir Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shazma Gohar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Gul E Maryam
- Department of Pharmacy, Qurtuba University Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Waleed H Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah
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Ashraf I, Hanna PA, Gad S, Abd-Allah FI, El-Say KM. Enhancing Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Rosuvastatin Calcium through the Development and Optimization of Fast-Dissolving Films. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2640. [PMID: 38004618 PMCID: PMC10675329 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Rosuvastatin (RSV) is a widely used cholesterol-lowering medication, but its limited bioavailability due to its susceptibility to stomach pH and extensive first-pass metabolism poses a significant challenge. A fast-dissolving film (FDF) formulation of RSV was developed, characterized, and compared to the conventional marketed tablet to address this issue. The formulation process involved optimizing the thickness, disintegration time, and folding durability. All formulations were assessed for in vitro disintegration, thickness, folding endurance, in vitro dissolution, weight, and content uniformity. The study's results revealed that the optimized RSV-FDF displayed a significantly faster time to maximum plasma concentration (tmax) of 2 h, compared to 4 h for the marketed tablet. The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) for the RSV-FDF (1.540 µg/mL ± 0.044) was notably higher than that of the marketed tablet (0.940 µg/mL ± 0.017). Additionally, the pharmacodynamic assessment in male Wistar rats demonstrated that the optimized RSV-FDF exhibited an improved lipid profile, including reduced levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), elevated high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), decreased triglycerides (TGs), and lower very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) compared to the conventional tablet. These findings underscore the potential of RSV-FDFs as a promising alternative to enhance the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of rosuvastatin in treating dyslipidemia. The faster onset of action and improved lipid-lowering effects make RSV-FDFs an attractive option for patients requiring efficient cholesterol management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Ashraf
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (I.A.); (P.A.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Pierre A. Hanna
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (I.A.); (P.A.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Shadeed Gad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (I.A.); (P.A.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Fathy I. Abd-Allah
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt;
| | - Khalid M. El-Say
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Sohn JS, Choi JS. Development and evaluation of febuxostat solid dispersion through screening method. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101724. [PMID: 37559865 PMCID: PMC10406859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Febuxostat (Febux) is a BCS II drug and has a very low solubility. In order to overcome this shortcoming, the purpose of study is to increase the in vitro dissolution (%) and drug release (%) of Febux by using a screening method. The Febux-SD formulation was prepared by screening solubilizers, pH agents, and carriers using with a solvent evaporation method. The novel Febux SD formulation was successfully developed. The dissolution (%) of Febux of optimal formulation (SD3) was higher than that of Feburic® tab in pH 1.2, distilled water (DW), and pH 6.8 buffer by 6.3-, 2.6-, and 1.1-fold, respectively, at 60 min. The in vitro drug release (%) and permeability (μg/cm2) of SD3 formulation were improved compared to those of Feburic® tab in the pH shifting method and PBS (7.4), respectively. The SD3 formulation was well maintained the stability for 6 months, and that of physicochemical properties were altered. In conclusion, the Febux solubilization study with meglumine was first attempted and successfully performed. Through the improved dissolution (%) of Febux, high bioavailability of SD3 formulation is expected in animal and human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Sun Sohn
- College of General Education, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Choi
- Department of Medical Management, Chodang University, 380 Muan-ro, Muan-eup, Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do 58530, Republic of Korea
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Gupta MS, Kumar TP, Reddy D, Pathak K, Gowda DV, Babu AVN, Aodah AH, Khafagy ES, Alotaibi HF, Abu Lila AS, Moin A, Hussin T. Development and Characterization of Pullulan-Based Orodispersible Films of Iron. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15031027. [PMID: 36986887 PMCID: PMC10056616 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15031027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency is the principal cause of nutritional anemia and it constitutes a major health problem, especially during pregnancy. Despite the availability of various non-invasive traditional oral dosage forms such as tablets, capsules, and liquid preparations of iron, they are hard to consume for special populations such as pregnant women, pediatric, and geriatric patients with dysphagia and vomiting tendency. The objective of the present study was to develop and characterize pullulan-based iron-loaded orodispersible films (i-ODFs). Microparticles of iron were formulated by a microencapsulation technique, to mask the bitter taste of iron, and ODFs were fabricated by a modified solvent casting method. Morphological characteristics of the microparticles were identified by optical microscopy and the percentage of iron loading was evaluated by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The fabricated i-ODFs were evaluated for their morphology by scanning electron microscopy. Other parameters including thickness, folding endurance, tensile strength, weight variation, disintegration time, percentage moisture loss, surface pH, and in vivo animal safety were evaluated. Lastly, stability studies were carried out at a temperature of 25 °C/60% RH. The results of the study confirmed that pullulan-based i-ODFs had good physicochemical properties, excellent disintegration time, and optimal stability at specified storage conditions. Most importantly, the i-ODFs were free from irritation when administered to the tongue as confirmed by the hamster cheek pouch model and surface pH determination. Collectively, the present study suggests that the film-forming agent, pullulan, could be successfully employed on a lab scale to formulate orodispersible films of iron. In addition, i-ODFs can be processed easily on a large scale for commercial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram Suresh Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore 570015, India
| | - Tegginamath Pramod Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore 570015, India
| | - Dinesh Reddy
- Aavishkar Oral Strips Private Limited, Plot No. 109/3, Phase-II, Sector 2, Lane No. 6 IDA Cherlapally, Hyderabad 500051, India
| | - Kamla Pathak
- Pharmacy College Saifai, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah 206130, India
| | | | - A V Naresh Babu
- Aavishkar Oral Strips Private Limited, Plot No. 109/3, Phase-II, Sector 2, Lane No. 6 IDA Cherlapally, Hyderabad 500051, India
| | - Alhussain H Aodah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - El-Sayed Khafagy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Hadil Faris Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr Selim Abu Lila
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81442, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Afrasim Moin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talib Hussin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81442, Saudi Arabia
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