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Widodo, Ramadhani AN, Nofitasari A, Puspitarini S, Priyandoko D, Saifur Rohman M, Lukitasari M. The V279F polymorphism might change protein character and immunogenicity in Lp-PLA2 protein. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Grezzana GB, Vieira JLDC, Portal VL. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms: a perspective of cardiovascular prevention. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2016; 61:458-68. [PMID: 26603010 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.61.05.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION several studies have evaluated the utilization of lipid biomarkers in an attempt to correlate them with clinical cardiovascular events. Nevertheless, the investigation of clinical conditions under specific plasmatic levels of lipoproteins for long periods presents limitations due to inherent difficulties that are related to the follow-up of individuals throughout their lives. Better understanding of the clinical response and occasional resistance to the action of hypolipidemic drugs in several clinic scenarios is also necessary. OBJECTIVES to determine the role of evaluation of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to the metabolism of lipids, and its implications in different clinical scenarios. METHODS a search of the literature in English and Spanish languages was performed in Medline, Lilacs via Bireme, IBECS via Bireme, and Cochrane databases. The expected results included information regarding plasmatic lipid profile and SNPs, cardiovascular clinical outcomes and polymorphisms related to the effectiveness of statins in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. RESULTS in order to perform this analysis, 19 studies were included from a total of 89 identified citations. The evaluation of the results suggests that low plasmatic levels of LDL-c are associated with a reduction in the risk of heart attacks, although this was not observed for the rise of plasmatic levels of HDL-c. CONCLUSION polymorphisms in different populations and clinical perspectives may bring important contributions for a better understanding and adequacy of plasmatic lipoproteins aiming at reducing cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Brasil Grezzana
- Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - José Luiz da Costa Vieira
- Medical Residency Outpatient Clinic, IC, Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vera Lúcia Portal
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, IC, Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Montague MJ, Li G, Gandolfi B, Khan R, Aken BL, Searle SMJ, Minx P, Hillier LW, Koboldt DC, Davis BW, Driscoll CA, Barr CS, Blackistone K, Quilez J, Lorente-Galdos B, Marques-Bonet T, Alkan C, Thomas GWC, Hahn MW, Menotti-Raymond M, O'Brien SJ, Wilson RK, Lyons LA, Murphy WJ, Warren WC. Comparative analysis of the domestic cat genome reveals genetic signatures underlying feline biology and domestication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:17230-5. [PMID: 25385592 PMCID: PMC4260561 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1410083111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the genetic changes that distinguish domestic cat populations from their wild progenitors. Here we describe a high-quality domestic cat reference genome assembly and comparative inferences made with other cat breeds, wildcats, and other mammals. Based upon these comparisons, we identified positively selected genes enriched for genes involved in lipid metabolism that underpin adaptations to a hypercarnivorous diet. We also found positive selection signals within genes underlying sensory processes, especially those affecting vision and hearing in the carnivore lineage. We observed an evolutionary tradeoff between functional olfactory and vomeronasal receptor gene repertoires in the cat and dog genomes, with an expansion of the feline chemosensory system for detecting pheromones at the expense of odorant detection. Genomic regions harboring signatures of natural selection that distinguish domestic cats from their wild congeners are enriched in neural crest-related genes associated with behavior and reward in mouse models, as predicted by the domestication syndrome hypothesis. Our description of a previously unidentified allele for the gloving pigmentation pattern found in the Birman breed supports the hypothesis that cat breeds experienced strong selection on specific mutations drawn from random bred populations. Collectively, these findings provide insight into how the process of domestication altered the ancestral wildcat genome and build a resource for future disease mapping and phylogenomic studies across all members of the Felidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Montague
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Barbara Gandolfi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201
| | - Razib Khan
- Population Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Bronwen L Aken
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | | | - Patrick Minx
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108
| | - LaDeana W Hillier
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108
| | - Daniel C Koboldt
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108
| | - Brian W Davis
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Carlos A Driscoll
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20886
| | - Christina S Barr
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20886
| | - Kevin Blackistone
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20886
| | - Javier Quilez
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Pompeu Fabra University, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belen Lorente-Galdos
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Pompeu Fabra University, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tomas Marques-Bonet
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Pompeu Fabra University, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Analisis Genomico 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Can Alkan
- Department of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Gregg W C Thomas
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Matthew W Hahn
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | | | - Stephen J O'Brien
- Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199178, Russia; and Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314
| | - Richard K Wilson
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108
| | - Leslie A Lyons
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201;
| | - William J Murphy
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843;
| | - Wesley C Warren
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108;
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Zheng GH, Chen HY, Xiong SQ, Chu JF. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 gene V279F polymorphisms and coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:4089-99. [PMID: 21107710 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (LP-PLA2) may play an important role in the pathophysiology of coronary heart disease (CHD). The polymorphism of LP-PLA2 gene caused LP-PLA2 enzyme activity depressing or lost. But there is not a definite conclusion for the association of between the LP-PLA2 gene polymorphism and CHD risk. To assess the relationship between LP-PLA2 gene V279F polymorphism and CHD, a comprehensive Meta-analysis was performed. All the case-control studies evaluating the association of between the LP-PLA2 gene V279F polymorphism and CHD risk were identified. Seven case-control studies involving 3,614 patients with CHD and 4,334 controls were included. The crude odds ratios (ORs) of meta-analysis under the different gene model were not significant. But in the stratified analysis by study size, ethnicity, cases definition, and source of controls under the additive model, the association was evident in ethnicity for Japanese group (OR=1.38, 95%CI=1.22-1.56), cases definition for MI (OR=1.22, 95%CI=1.01-1.49), source of controls for the based-hospital (OR=1.42, 95%CI=1.24-1.59). These data suggested that the V279F polymorphism in LP-PLA2 gene may contribute to CHD development. But there is necessary that more well-designed large studies are required for the validation of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hua Zheng
- The Centre of Evidence Based Medicine, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No 1 Huatuo road, Shangjie University Town, Fuzhou, China.
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Fan P, Liu HW, Wang XS, Zhang F, Song Q, Li Q, Wu HM, Bai H. Identification of the G994T polymorphism in exon 9 of plasma platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase gene as a risk factor for polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod 2010; 25:1288-94. [PMID: 20185515 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deq047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-grade chronic inflammation and greater risks of cardiovascular diseases are often present in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Platelet-activating factor (PAF) acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) hydrolyzes and inactivates PAF and PAF-like oxidized phospholipids that are potent lipid mediators involved in inflammation and atherosclerosis. Deficiency of this enzyme is caused by a missense mutation (G994 --> T) in exon 9 of the plasma PAF-AH gene. The aim of the study was to investigate a possible association of this polymorphism with the risk of PCOS and to evaluate the effects of the genotype on the activity and distribution of PAFAH in Chinese patients. METHODS A total of 661 subjects (346 patients with PCOS and 315 healthy control women) from a population of Chinese Han nationality in Chengdu area were included in this study. PAFAH G994T genotype was studied using PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Total plasma PAF-AH, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated PAF-AH (H-PAF-AH) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-associated PAF-AH (L-PAF-AH) activities were measured by the trichloroacetic acid precipitation procedure using [(3)H-acetyl] PAF and PAF C-16 as a substrate. RESULTS The prevalence of the mutant genotype (GT + TT) was significantly more frequent in patients with PCOS than in control subjects (12.7 versus 6.0%, P = 0.003). Genotype (GT + TT) remained a significant predictor for PCOS (P = 0.020) in prognostic models including age, body mass index, insulin resistance index, triglyceride, HDL and LDL as covariates. There was a significant difference in plasma PAF-AH, L-PAF-AH and H-PAF-AH activities between GG and GT genotypes in both the patient and control groups. The ratio of L-PAF-AH to H-PAF-AH activities was significantly higher after adjustment for multiple variables in patients with GT genotype compared with patients with GG genotype (P = 0.003). There were no significant differences in clinical, biochemical and metabolic parameters according to PAFAH G994T genotyping in patients with PCOS and control women. CONCLUSIONS The G994T polymorphism in PAFAH gene may be one of the genetic determinants for PCOS in Chinese Han women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Fan
- Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Functional Consequences of Mutations and Polymorphisms in the Coding Region of the PAF Acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) Gene. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2009; 2:94-117. [PMID: 27713227 PMCID: PMC3978535 DOI: 10.3390/ph2030094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Revised: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past several years a number of alterations in the PAF-AH/PLA2G7/LpPLA2 gene have been described. These include inactivating mutations, polymorphisms in the coding region, and other genetic changes located in promoter and intronic regions of the gene. The consequences associated with these genetic variations have been evaluated from different perspectives, including in vitro biochemical and molecular studies and clinical analyses in human subjects. This review highlights the current state of the field and suggests new approaches that can be used to evaluate functional consequences associated with mutations and polymorphisms in the PAF-AH gene.
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Zintzaras E, Zdoukopoulos N. A field synopsis and meta-analysis of genetic association studies in peripheral arterial disease: The CUMAGAS-PAD database. Am J Epidemiol 2009; 170:1-11. [PMID: 19435865 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwp094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In an electronic search of the literature, the authors systematically retrieved all published studies that investigated genetic susceptibility to peripheral arterial disease (PAD). They created a comprehensive database of all eligible studies, collecting detailed genetic and bioinformatics data on each polymorphism. Data from eligible studies were synthesized using meta-analysis techniques. Gene variants were classified into distinct pathophysiologic pathways, and their potential involvement in PAD pathogenesis was determined. Forty-one publications that examined 44 gene polymorphisms were included. For 37 polymorphisms, the variant form had a functional effect. Twenty-three polymorphisms in 22 potential PAD candidate genes (F2, FGB, MTHFR, ITGB3, ACE, AGT, IL6, CCL2, ICAM1, SELE, MMP9, PPARG, MMP1, ADD1, P2RY12, LIPC, PLA2G7, SCARB1, MMP3, MTTP, LPA, CHRNA3) showed a significant association in individual studies. Eighty-eight percent of the studies had statistical power of less than 50%, and in 15 studies the genotype distribution in the control group did not conform to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Data on 12 polymorphisms (F5 1691 G/A, MTHFR 677C/T, F2 20210 G/A, ITGB3 1565 T/C, ACE I/D, AGT 704C/T, AGT -6G/A, AGT 733C/T, IL6 -174 G/C, MMP9 -1562C/T, ICAM1 1462A/G, CHRNA3 831C/T) were synthesized, and a positive association was found for 3 (IL6 -174 G/C, ICAM1 1462A/G, CHRNA3 831C/T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Zintzaras
- Department of Biomathematics, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
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Stafforini DM. Biology of platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH, lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2). Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2008; 23:73-83. [PMID: 18949548 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-008-6133-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Accepted: 08/06/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This article is focused on platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH), a lipoprotein bound, calcium-independent phospholipase A(2) activity also referred to as lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) or PLA(2)G7. PAF-AH catalyzes the removal of the acyl group at the sn-2 position of PAF and truncated phospholipids generated in settings of inflammation and oxidant stress. DISCUSSION Here, I discuss current knowledge related to the structural features of this enzyme, including the molecular basis for association with lipoproteins and susceptibility to oxidative inactivation. The circulating form of PAF-AH is constitutively active and its expression is upregulated by mediators of inflammation at the transcriptional level. This mechanism is likely responsible for the observed up-regulation of PAF-AH during atherosclerosis and suggests that increased expression of this enzyme is a physiological response to inflammatory stimuli. Administration of recombinant forms of PAF-AH attenuate inflammation in a variety of experimental models. Conversely, genetic deficiency of PAF-AH in defined human populations increases the severity of atherosclerosis and other syndromes. Recent advances pointing to an interplay among oxidized phospholipid substrates, Lp(a), and PAF-AH could hold the key to a number of unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Stafforini
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Suite 3364, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5550, USA.
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Sutton BS, Crosslin DR, Shah SH, Nelson SC, Bassil A, Hale AB, Haynes C, Goldschmidt-Clermont PJ, Vance JM, Seo D, Kraus WE, Gregory SG, Hauser ER. Comprehensive genetic analysis of the platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase (PLA2G7) gene and cardiovascular disease in case-control and family datasets. Hum Mol Genet 2008; 17:1318-28. [PMID: 18204052 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddn020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PLA2G7) is a potent pro- and anti-inflammatory molecule that has been implicated in multiple inflammatory disease processes, including cardiovascular disease. The goal of this study was to investigate the genetic effects of PLA2G7 on coronary artery disease (CAD) risk in two large, independent datasets with CAD. Using a haplotype tagging (ht) approach, 19 ht single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in CATHGEN case-control samples (cases = 806 and controls = 267) and in the GENECARD Family Study (n = 1101 families, 2954 individuals). Single SNP analysis using logistic regression revealed nine SNPs with significant association in all CATHGEN subjects (P = 0.0004-0.02). CATHGEN cases were further stratified into subgroups based on age of CAD onset (AOO) and severity of disease; 599 young affecteds (YA, AOO <56) and 207 old affected (OA, AOO >56). Significant genetic effects were observed in both OA and YA (P = 0.0001-0.02). The GENECARD probands demonstrated results similar to those seen in the YA CATHGEN cases (P = 0.002-0.05). Of the 19 SNPs genotyped, 3 SNPs result in nonsynonymous coding changes (I198T, A379V and R92H). Two of the coding SNPs, R92H and A379V, constitute two of the most significantly associated SNPs, even after Bonferroni correction and appear to represent independent associations (r(2) = 0.09). Multiple additional polymorphisms in low linkage disequilibrium with these coding SNPs were also strongly associated. In summary, PLA2G7 represents an important, potentially functional candidate in the pathophysiology of CAD based on replicated associations using two independent datasets and multiple statistical approaches. Further functional studies involving a combination of risk alleles are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth S Sutton
- Center for Human Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Exploration of associations between phospholipase A2 gene family polymorphisms and AIDS progression using the SNPlex™ method. Biomed Pharmacother 2008; 62:31-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2007.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2007] [Accepted: 11/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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