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Choudhary N, Bawari S, Burcher JT, Sinha D, Tewari D, Bishayee A. Targeting Cell Signaling Pathways in Lung Cancer by Bioactive Phytocompounds. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3980. [PMID: 37568796 PMCID: PMC10417502 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a heterogeneous group of malignancies with high incidence worldwide. It is the most frequently occurring cancer in men and the second most common in women. Due to its frequent diagnosis and variable response to treatment, lung cancer was reported as the top cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide in 2020. Many aberrant signaling cascades are implicated in the pathogenesis of lung cancer, including those involved in apoptosis (B cell lymphoma protein, Bcl-2-associated X protein, first apoptosis signal ligand), growth inhibition (tumor suppressor protein or gene and serine/threonine kinase 11), and growth promotion (epidermal growth factor receptor/proto-oncogenes/phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase). Accordingly, these pathways and their signaling molecules have become promising targets for chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents. Recent research provides compelling evidence for the use of plant-based compounds, known collectively as phytochemicals, as anticancer agents. This review discusses major contributing signaling pathways involved in the pathophysiology of lung cancer, as well as currently available treatments and prospective drug candidates. The anticancer potential of naturally occurring bioactive compounds in the context of lung cancer is also discussed, with critical analysis of their mechanistic actions presented by preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Choudhary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, GNA School of Pharmacy, GNA University, Phagwara 144 401, India
| | - Sweta Bawari
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201 301, India
| | - Jack T. Burcher
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Dona Sinha
- Department of Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700 026, India
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110 017, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
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Wawszczyk J, Jesse K, Smolik S, Kapral M. Mechanism of Pterostilbene-Induced Cell Death in HT-29 Colon Cancer Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:369. [PMID: 35056682 PMCID: PMC8779997 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pterostilbene is a dietary phytochemical that has been found to possess several biological activities, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Recent studies have shown that it exhibits the hallmark characteristics of an anticancer agent. The aim of the study was to investigate the anticancer activity of pterostilbene against HT-29 human colon cancer cells, focusing on its influence on cell growth, differentiation, and the ability of this stilbene to induce cell death. To clarify the mechanism of pterostilbene activity against colon cancer cells, changes in the expression of several genes and proteins that are directly related to cell proliferation, signal transduction pathways, apoptosis, and autophagy were also evaluated. Cell growth and proliferation of cells exposed to pterostilbene (5-100 µM) were determined by SRB and BRDU assays. Flow cytometric analyses were used for cell cycle progression. Further molecular investigations were performed using quantitative real-time RT-PCR. The expression of the signaling proteins studied was determined by the ELISA method. The results revealed that pterostilbene inhibited proliferation and induced the death of HT-29 colon cancer cells. Pterostilbene, depending on concentration, caused inhibition of proliferation, G1 cell arrest, and/or triggered apoptosis in HT-29 cells. These effects were mediated by the down-regulation of the STAT3 and AKT kinase pathways. It may be concluded that pterostilbene could be considered as a potential therapeutic option in the treatment of colon cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wawszczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8, 41-200 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Jesse
- Prof. Z. Religa Foundation of Cardiac Surgery Development, Heart Prostheses Institute, Wolności 345a, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland;
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 10C, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Sławomir Smolik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8, 41-200 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Kapral
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8, 41-200 Katowice, Poland;
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Surien O, Ghazali AR, Masre SF. Chemopreventive effects of pterostilbene through p53 and cell cycle in mouse lung of squamous cell carcinoma model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14862. [PMID: 34290382 PMCID: PMC8295275 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94508-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell proliferation and cell death abnormalities are strongly linked to the development of cancer, including lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of pterostilbene on cell proliferation and cell death via cell cycle arrest during the transition from G1 to S phase and the p53 pathway. A total of 24 female Balb/C mice were randomly categorized into four groups (n = 6): N-nitroso-tris-chloroethyl urea (NTCU) induced SCC of the lungs, vehicle control, low dose of 10 mg/kg PS + NTCU (PS10), and high dose of 50 mg/kg PS + NTCU (PS50). At week 26, all lungs were harvested for immunohistochemistry and Western blotting analysis. Ki-67 expression is significantly lower, while caspase-3 expression is significantly higher in PS10 and PS50 as compared to the NTCU (p < 0.05). There was a significant decrease in cyclin D1 and cyclin E2 protein expression in PS10 and PS50 when compared to the NTCU (p < 0.05). PS50 significantly increased p53, p21, and p27 protein expression when compared to NTCU (p < 0.05). Pterostilbene is a potential chemoprevention agent for lung SCC as it has the ability to upregulate the p53/p21 pathway, causing cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omchit Surien
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Rohi Ghazali
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Fathiah Masre
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Solubility data, Hansen solubility parameters and thermodynamic behavior of pterostilbene in some pure solvents and different (PEG-400 + water) cosolvent compositions. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Zhao Y, Ye D, Luo Q, Li J, Liu J. Pterostilbene Inhibits Human Renal Cell Carcinoma Cells Growth and Induces DNA Damage. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:258-265. [PMID: 32009115 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pterostilbene (PTE) has inhibitory effect on a wide array of tumors. However, the therapeutic potential of PTE in renal cancer cells and the underlying mechanisms have not been evaluated. In this study, the aim is to demonstrate the growth inhibitory and the underlying mechanisms of PTE on human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells in vitro. By cell viability, cell morphology and colony formation assays, we found that PTE significantly suppressed the proliferation of RCC cells, while had little toxicity to the normal renal cell line HK-2. Flow cytometry assay revealed that PTE potently induced the apoptosis of RCC cells in a concentration-dependent manner, which was also testified by up-regulation of the pro-apoptosis-related protein (Cyto C, Bad, Bak, Bax, Cleaved-caspase 3, Cleaved-caspase 9, Cleaved-poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP)) and down-regulation of the anti-apoptosis-related protein Bcl-2. Moreover, cell cycle being arrested in S phase and down-regulation of p-Akt and p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 were observed following treatment with PTE in RCC cells, indicating that PTE exerted remarkable anti-tumor activity in RCC cells possibly via cell cycle arrest and inactivation of Akt and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Immunofluorescence analysis of γH2AX and detecting the expression levels of γH2AX, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Rad51 by Western blot showed that PTE induced the DNA damages response in RCC cells. Taken together, the results of the present study demonstrated that PTE was a potential preventive and therapeutic agent for human renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwan Zhao
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University
| | - Dongcai Ye
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University
| | - Qiuming Luo
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University
| | - Jianwei Li
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University
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Surien O, Ghazali AR, Masre SF. Histopathological effect of pterostilbene as chemoprevention in N-nitroso-tri-chloroethylurea (NTCU)-induced lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) mouse model. Histol Histopathol 2020; 35:1159-1170. [PMID: 32893871 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is one of the most common types of lung cancer. Chemoprevention of lung cancer has gained increasing popularity as an alternative to treatment in reducing the burden of lung cancer. Pterostilbene (PS) may be developed as a chemopreventive agent due to its pharmacological activities, such as anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to investigate the effect of PS on the development of lung SCC in the mouse model. METHODS A total of 24 seven-week-old female Balb/C mice were randomly categorised into four groups, including two control groups comprising the N-nitroso-trischloroethylurea (NTCU)-induced lung SCC and vehicle control (VC) groups and two treatment groups comprising the 10mg/kg PS (PS10) and 50mg/kg PS (PS50) groups. All lung organs were harvested at week 26 for histopathological analysis. RESULTS All PS treatment groups showed chemopreventive activity by inhibiting the progression of lung SCC formation with PS10, resulting in mild hyperplasia, and PS50 was completely reversed in the normal bronchial epithelium layer compared with the VC group. PS treatment also reduced the expression of cytokeratin 5/6 in the bronchial epithelium layer. Both PS10 and PS50 significantly reduced the epithelium thickness compared to the NTCU group (p<0.05). PS is a potential chemopreventive agent against lung SCC growth by suppressing the progression of pre-malignant lesions and reducing the thickness of the bronchial epithelium. CONCLUSIONS The underlying molecular mechanisms of PS in lung SCC should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omchit Surien
- Biomedical Science Programme, Centre for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur
| | - Ahmad Rohi Ghazali
- Biomedical Science Programme, Centre for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur
| | - Siti Fathiah Masre
- Biomedical Science Programme, Centre for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur.
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Hsu YH, Chen SY, Wang SY, Lin JA, Yen GC. Pterostilbene Enhances Cytotoxicity and Chemosensitivity in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050709. [PMID: 32375296 PMCID: PMC7281188 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine (GEM) drug resistance causes high mortality rates and poor outcomes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients. Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) involvement in the GEM resistance process has been demonstrated. Therefore, finding a safe and effective way to inhibit receptors for RAGE-initiated GEM resistance is urgent. Pterostilbene (PTE), a natural methoxylated analogue derived from resveratrol and found in grapes and blueberries, has diverse bioactivities, such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer qualities. The overall research objective was to determine the potential of PTE to enhance tumor cytotoxicity and chemosensitivity in PDAC cells. Our results have demonstrated that PTE induced S-phase cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagic cell death and inhibited multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) expression by downregulating RAGE/PI3K/Akt signaling in both MIA PaCa-2 and MIA PaCa-2 GEMR cells (GEM-resistant cells). Remarkably, convincing evidence was established by RAGE small interfering RNA transfection. Taken together, our study demonstrated that PTE promoted chemosensitivity by inhibiting cell proliferation and MDR1 expression via the RAGE/PI3K/Akt axis in PDAC cells. The observations in these experiments indicate that PTE may play a crucial role in MDR1 modulation for PDAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hao Hsu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (Y.-H.H.); (S.-Y.C.)
| | - Sheng-Yi Chen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (Y.-H.H.); (S.-Y.C.)
| | - Sheng-Yang Wang
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
| | - Jer-An Lin
- Graduate Institute of Food Safety, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
| | - Gow-Chin Yen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (Y.-H.H.); (S.-Y.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Food Safety, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2287-9755; Fax: +886-4-2285-4378
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Tang KY, Du SL, Wang QL, Zhang YF, Song HY. Traditional Chinese medicine targeting cancer stem cells as an alternative treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2020; 18:196-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ma Z, Zhang X, Xu L, Liu D, Di S, Li W, Zhang J, Zhang H, Li X, Han J, Yan X. Pterostilbene: Mechanisms of its action as oncostatic agent in cell models and in vivo studies. Pharmacol Res 2019; 145:104265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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10
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Tan KT, Chen PW, Li S, Ke TM, Lin SH, Yang CC. Pterostilbene inhibits lung squamous cell carcinoma growth in vitro and in vivo by inducing S phase arrest and apoptosis. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:1631-1640. [PMID: 31423230 PMCID: PMC6607121 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural dietary components have become the subject of an increasing amount of interest due to the side effects of anticancer treatment. Pterostilbene, an analog of resveratrol, is primarily found in grapes, and has been suggested to exert antioxidant and anticancer effects in different tumor types. The present study aimed to investigate the antitumor effects and molecular mechanisms of pterostilbene in the human lung squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) cell line, H520. The results of the present study indicate that pterostilbene significantly reduced cell viability and induced S phase arrest, and that treatment with pterostilbene was associated with the downregulation of cyclin A and cyclin E, as with the upregulation of p21 and p27 expression in H520 cells. In the apoptosis analysis, pterostilbene induced S phase accumulation and the activation of caspase-3, −8 and −9 in H520 cells, potentially through the activation of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. Additionally, the in vivo study demonstrated that pterostilbene effectively inhibited lung SqCC growth in a H520 ×enograft model. Given the in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of pterostilbene demonstrated in the present study, pterostilbene may serve a novel and effective therapeutic agent to for patients with SqCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok-Tong Tan
- Department of Surgery, Tungs' Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung 433, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ping-Wen Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shiming Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, Hubei 438000, P.R. China
| | - Te-Min Ke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Sheng-Hao Lin
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ching-Chieh Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Pharmacy, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Muller AG, Sarker SD, Saleem IY, Hutcheon GA. Delivery of natural phenolic compounds for the potential treatment of lung cancer. Daru 2019; 27:433-449. [PMID: 31115871 PMCID: PMC6593021 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-019-00267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of natural products to treat various diseases, such as cancer, has been an important area of research for many years. Several phytochemicals have demonstrated anticarcinogenic activity to prevent or reduce the progression of cancer by modulating various cellular mechanisms. However, poor bioavailability has hindered clinical success and the incorporation of these drugs into efficient drug delivery systems would be beneficial. For lung cancer, local delivery via the pulmonary route would also be more effective. In this article, recent in vitro scientific literature on phenolic compounds with anticancer activity towards lung cancer cell lines is reviewed and nanoparticulate delivery is mentioned as a possible solution to the problem of bioavailability. The first part of the review will explore the different classes of natural phenolic compounds and discuss recent reports on their activity on lung cancer cells. Then, the problem of the poor bioavailability of phenolic compounds will be explored, followed by a summary of recent advances in improving the efficacy of these phenolic compounds using nanoparticulate drug delivery systems. Graphical abstract The rationale for direct delivery of phenolic compounds loaded in microparticles to the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley G Muller
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, 3 Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Satyajit D Sarker
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, 3 Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Imran Y Saleem
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, 3 Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Gillian A Hutcheon
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, 3 Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
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Zhang T, Li B, Feng Q, Xu Z, Huang C, Wu H, Chen Z, Hu L, Gao L, Liu P, Yang G, Zhang H, Lu K, Li T, Tao Y, Wu X, Shi J, Zhu W. DCZ0801, a novel compound, induces cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest via MAPK pathway in multiple myeloma. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2019; 51:517-523. [PMID: 30947332 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmz033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a refractory malignant hematological malignancy, and many therapeutic strategies have been developed to cure patients with MM. DCZ0801 is a compound that consists of oxophenamide and pterostilbene. The role of these compounds in hematological cancers such as MM has yet to be studied. In this study, we explored the potential mechanism of DCZ0801 action, its anti-tumor activity both in vitro and in vivo on MM. This study was carried out via cell cycle proliferation assay, apoptotic analysis, western blot analysis, and examination of xenotransplantation model of tumors. The in vitro studies revealed that DCZ0801 could inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis by regulating both caspase-dependent and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways, inducing S-phase arrest of the cell cycle related to downregulation of CDK2, cyclin-A2, and CDC25A protein expression. The in vivo studies showed that DCZ0801 could significantly reduce the size of the tumors in nude mice. Our results demonstrated that DCZ0801 may emerge as the new therapeutic option for the patient with MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Bo Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qilin Feng
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Zhijian Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Huiqun Wu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Zhangbo Chen
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Liangning Hu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Peng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Kang Lu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Tingye Li
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yi Tao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xiaosong Wu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jumei Shi
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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van den Brand AD, Villevoye J, Nijmeijer SM, van den Berg M, van Duursen MBM. Anti-tumor properties of methoxylated analogues of resveratrol in malignant MCF-7 but not in non-tumorigenic MCF-10A mammary epithelial cell lines. Toxicology 2019; 422:35-43. [PMID: 31004704 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol is a plant-derived polyphenol that is known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenic properties in in vitro and in vivo models. Recent studies show that some resveratrol analogues might be more potent anti-tumor agents, which may partly be attributed to their ability to activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Here, the anti-tumorigenic properties of resveratrol and structural analogues oxyresveratrol, pinostilbene, pterostilbene and tetramethoxystilbene (TMS) were studied in vitro, using in the malignant human MCF-7 breast cancer cell line and non-tumorigenic breast epithelial cell line MCF-10A. Cell viability and migration assays showed that methoxylated analogues of resveratrol are more potent anti-tumorigenic compounds than resveratrol and its hydroxylated analogue oxyresveratrol, with 2,3',4,5'-tetramethoxy-trans-stilbene (TMS) being the most potent compound. TMS decreased MCF-7 tumor cell viability with 50% at 3.6 μM and inhibited migration with 37.5 ± 14.8% at 3 μM. In addition, TMS activated the AHR more potently (EC50 in a reporter gene assay 2.0 μM) and induced AHR-mediated induction of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) activity (EC50 value of 0.7 μM) more than resveratrol and the other analogues tested. Cell cycle analysis showed that TMS induced a shift in cell cycle status from the G1 to the G2/M phase causing a cell cycle arrest in the MCF-7 cells, while no effect of TMS was observed in the non-tumorigenic MCF-10A mammary epithelial cell line. Gene expression analysis showed that 3 μM TMS increased gene expression of CYP1A1 (289-fold), CYP1B1 (5-fold) and Nqo1 (2-fold), and decreased gene expression of IL-8 (3-fold) in MCF-7 cells. In MCF-10A cells, 10 μM TMS also increased gene expression of CYP1A1 (5-fold) and CYP1B1 (2-fold), but decreased gene expression of Nqo1 (1.4-fold) in contrast to MCF-7 cells. TMS displays more potent anti-tumorigenic properties and activates the AHR more effectively than resveratrol. In addition, this is the first study to show that TMS, but not resveratrol, selectively inhibits the cell cycle of breast tumor cells and not the non-tumorigenic cells. Our study provides more insight in the anti-tumor properties of the methoxylated analogues of resveratrol in breast cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick D van den Brand
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Toxicology Department, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Judith Villevoye
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Toxicology Department, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra M Nijmeijer
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Toxicology Department, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Martin van den Berg
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Toxicology Department, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Majorie B M van Duursen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Toxicology Department, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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14
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Molecules that Inhibit Bacterial Resistance Enzymes. Molecules 2018; 24:molecules24010043. [PMID: 30583527 PMCID: PMC6337270 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance mediated by bacterial enzymes constitutes an unmet clinical challenge for public health, particularly for those currently used antibiotics that are recognized as "last-resort" defense against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Inhibitors of resistance enzymes offer an alternative strategy to counter this threat. The combination of inhibitors and antibiotics could effectively prolong the lifespan of clinically relevant antibiotics and minimize the impact and emergence of resistance. In this review, we first provide a brief overview of antibiotic resistance mechanism by bacterial secreted enzymes. Furthermore, we summarize the potential inhibitors that sabotage these resistance pathways and restore the bactericidal activity of inactive antibiotics. Finally, the faced challenges and an outlook for the development of more effective and safer resistance enzyme inhibitors are discussed.
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15
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Hsieh MT, Huang LJ, Wu TS, Lin HY, Morris-Natschke SL, Lee KH, Kuo SC. Synthesis and antitumor activity of bis(hydroxymethyl)propionate analogs of pterostilbene in cisplatin-resistant human oral cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3909-3916. [PMID: 29908756 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a new drug substance with low toxicity and effective inhibitory activity against cisplatin-resistant oral cancer. The naturally produced pterostilbene was selected as the lead compound for design and synthesis of a series of bis(hydroxymethyl)propionate-based prodrugs. All derivatives were screened for antiproliferative effects against the cisplatin-resistant oral squamous (CAR) cell line and the results indicated that several compounds demonstrated superior inhibitory activity compared with pterostilbene and resveratrol. Among them, the most promising compound, 12, was evaluated for in vivo antitumor activity in a CAR xenograft nude mouse model. Obvious antitumor activity was observed at the lowest oral dose (25 mg/kg/day). Increasing the dose of 12 to 100 mg/kg/day reduced the tumor size to 22% of the control group. Based on these findings as well as the extremely low toxicity seen in the in vivo studies, we believe that compound 12 could serve as a new lead for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Tsang Hsieh
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Chinese Medicinal Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jiau Huang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Shung Wu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Susan L Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Chinese Medicinal Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
| | - Sheng-Chu Kuo
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Chinese Medicinal Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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16
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Sáez V, Pastene E, Vergara C, Mardones C, Hermosín-Gutiérrez I, Gómez-Alonso S, Gómez MV, Theoduloz C, Riquelme S, von Baer D. Oligostilbenoids in Vitis vinifera L. Pinot Noir grape cane extract: Isolation, characterization, in vitro antioxidant capacity and anti-proliferative effect on cancer cells. Food Chem 2018; 265:101-110. [PMID: 29884360 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The following oligostilbenoids were isolated from extracts of Vitis vinifera L. Pinot Noir grape canes produced at a pilot-plant scale: (E)-ε-viniferin, (E)-resveratrol, (E)-piceatannol, ampelopsin A, vitisin B, pallidol, (E)-δ-viniferin, (E)-ω-viniferin, (E)-trans-cis-miyabenol C, isorhapontigenin, scirpusin A, and a new isomer named isoscirpusin A. The antioxidant capacity of the isolated stilbenoids was studied by three different assays, and their 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) against cancer cells was determined by MTT reduction assay. Besides (E)-resveratrol, stilbenoids have outstanding antioxidant capacity in the ORAC-FL assay. The strongest antiproliferative effect was observed for (E)-piceatannol and ampelopsin A against the bladder cancer cell line J82. (E)-Piceatannol has inhibitory effect on human lung cancer SK-MES-1 cells. Moreover, the whole extract has antiproliferative effect on all tested cell lines. In conclusion, beside (E)-resveratrol, grape cane extract contains oligostilbenoids with potential health benefits. This underexploited viticultural residue has the potential to produce valuable phytochemicals or ingredients in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Sáez
- Departamento de Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Edgar Pastene
- Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160-C, 4070386 Concepción, Chile
| | - Carola Vergara
- Departamento de Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Claudia Mardones
- Departamento de Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Isidro Hermosín-Gutiérrez
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Sergio Gómez-Alonso
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M Victoria Gómez
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Cristina Theoduloz
- Laboratorio de Cultivo Celular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, P.O. Box 747, 3460000 Talca, Chile
| | - Sebastián Riquelme
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico (UDT), Universidad de Concepción, Coronel, Chile
| | - Dietrich von Baer
- Departamento de Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile.
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17
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Chang HP, Lu CC, Chiang JH, Tsai FJ, Juan YN, Tsao JW, Chiu HY, Yang JS. Pterostilbene modulates the suppression of multidrug resistance protein 1 and triggers autophagic and apoptotic mechanisms in cisplatin-resistant human oral cancer CAR cells via AKT signaling. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1504-1514. [PMID: 29512708 PMCID: PMC5873834 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pterostilbene is a natural polyphenolic compound that is primarily found in fruits, such as blueberries and has a similar structure to resveratrol. Pterostilbene exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activity but the effects of pterostilbene on drug-resistant oral cancer cells and its underlying mechanisms of action have not yet been explored. Therefore, the present study was performed to clarify the anticancer effects of pterostilbene on cisplatin-resistant human oral cancer CAR cells. The results demonstrated that CAR cells exhibited marked shrinkage, cell membrane breakage and autophagic vacuole formation following treatment with pterostilbene. Pterostilbene also effectively inhibited cell viability and suppressed cell confluence in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Probing with acridine orange, monodansylcadaverine and LysoTracker Red demonstrated that the number of acidic vesicular organelles was increased, indicating increased autophagy. Furthermore, Heochst 33342 staining determined that DNA condensation, a characteristic of apoptosis, was enhanced following treatment with pterostilbene. Furthermore, pterostilbene upregulated mRNA levels of LC3-II and Atg12, as well as the expression of Atgs/Beclin-1/LC3-associated signaling, suggesting that it enhances autophagy. The autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine and chloroquine were used to confirm that pterostilbene induces autophagy. It was also determined that pterostilbene triggered caspase-dependent apoptosis by directly testing DNA breakage and using the pan-caspase inhibitor carbobenzoxyvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone. The results demonstrated that pterostilbene mediates the apoptosis of CAR cells via the intrinsic apoptotic cascade. In addition, pterostilbene inhibited MDR1 expression and the phosphorylation of AKT on the Ser473 site in CAR cells. Therefore, pterostilbene may elicit an oral anticancer response in drug-resistant cells and may be used as a chemotherapeutic adjuvant to treat patients with oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ping Chang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tainan Municipal Hospital (Managed by Show Chwan Medical Care Corporation), Tainan 701, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Cheng Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jo-Hua Chiang
- Department of Nursing, Chung Jen Catholic Junior College, Chiayi 622, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Ning Juan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Je-Wei Tsao
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hong-Yi Chiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
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18
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Huang WC, Chan ML, Chen MJ, Tsai TH, Chen YJ. Modulation of macrophage polarization and lung cancer cell stemness by MUC1 and development of a related small-molecule inhibitor pterostilbene. Oncotarget 2018; 7:39363-39375. [PMID: 27276704 PMCID: PMC5129938 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) polarized to the M2 phenotype play key roles in tumor progression in different cancer types, including lung cancer. MUC1 expression in various types of cancer is an indicator of poorer prognosis. Elevated MUC1 expression has been reported in inflammatory lung macrophages and is associated with lung cancer development. Here, we investigated the role of M2-polarized TAMs (M2-TAMs) in the generation of lung cancer stem cells (LCSCs) and tested pterostilbene, a small-molecule agent that modulates MUC1 expression in lung cancer cells, with the goal of subverting the microenvironment toward a favorable anti-tumor impact. We found that MUC1 was overexpressed in lung cancer patients, which was associated with poor survival rates. M2-TAMs and cancer cell lines were co-cultured in an experimental tumor microenvironment model. The expression levels of MUC1 and cancer stemness genes significantly increased in lung cancer cells in the presence of the M2-TAM cells. Intriguingly, pterostilbene dose-dependently suppressed self-renewal ability in M2-TAMs-co-cultured lung cancer cells, and this suppression was accompanied by downregulation of MUC1, NF-κB, CD133, β-catenin, and Sox2 expression. Moreover, MUC1-silenced M2-TAMs exhibited a significantly lower ability to promote LCSC generation and decreased levels of NF-κB, CD133, and Sox2. The results suggest that MUC1 plays an important role in TAM-induced LCSC progression. Pterostilbene may have therapeutic potential for modulating the unfavorable effects of TAMs in lung cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chien Huang
- MacKay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Lin Chan
- MacKay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jen Chen
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Division of Colorectal Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- MacKay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- MacKay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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19
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Wen W, Lowe G, Roberts CM, Finlay J, Han ES, Glackin CA, Dellinger TH. Pterostilbene, a natural phenolic compound, synergizes the antineoplastic effects of megestrol acetate in endometrial cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12754. [PMID: 28986550 PMCID: PMC5630613 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12922-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer in the United States and its incidence and mortality has been rising over the past decade. Few treatment options are available for patients with advanced and recurring endometrial cancers. Novel therapies, which are frequently toxic, are difficult to establish in this patient population which tends to be older and plagued by comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Therefore, novel, non-toxic therapies are urgently needed. Megestrol acetate is a frequently used drug in endometrial cancer patients. However, its response rate is only 20–30%. To enhance the activity of megestrol acetate in endometrial cancer patients, we explored the potential of combining natural supplements with megestrol acetate and found that the addition of the natural phenolic compound, pterostilbene, to megestrol acetate resulted in a synergistic inhibition of cancer cell growth in vitro and an enhanced reduction of tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. In addition, dual treatment led to attenuation of signaling pathways, as well as cell cycle and survival pathways. Our results demonstrated for the first time that the anti-tumor activity of megestrol acetate can be enhanced by combining with pterostilbene, providing an insight into the potential application of pterostilbene and megestrol acetate combination for the treatment of endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Gina Lowe
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA91010, USA
| | - Cai M Roberts
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University, New Haven, CT06510, USA
| | - James Finlay
- Department of Animal Resources, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Ernest S Han
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Carlotta A Glackin
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA91010, USA
| | - Thanh H Dellinger
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
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20
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Pterostilbene Induces Cell Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma by Suppressing the ERK1/2 Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9872073. [PMID: 28785594 PMCID: PMC5529638 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9872073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pterostilbene is a natural 3,5-dimethoxy analog of trans-resveratrol that has been reported to have antitumor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. T-cell leukemia/lymphoma is one of the more aggressive yet uncommon non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Although there has been increasing research into T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, the molecular mechanisms of the antitumor effects of pterostilbene against this malignancy are still largely unknown. The aim of this study is to confirm the effects of pterostilbene in T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Jurkat and Hut-78 cells treated with pterostilbene were evaluated for cell proliferation using Cell Counting Kit-8, and apoptosis, cell cycle progression, reactive oxygen species generation, and mitochondrial membrane potential were analyzed using flow cytometry. The level of protein expression was detected by western blot. The results demonstrated that pterostilbene significantly inhibited the growth of T-cell leukemia/lymphoma cell lines in vitro and induced apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, pterostilbene treatment markedly induced S-phase cell cycle arrest, which was accompanied by downregulation of cdc25A, cyclin A2, and CDK2. Pterostilbene also induced the generation of reactive oxygen species and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Taken together, our study demonstrated the potential of pterostilbene to be an effective treatment for T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.
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Singh P, Arora D, Shukla Y. Enhanced chemoprevention by the combined treatment of pterostilbene and lupeol in B[a]P-induced mouse skin tumorigenesis. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 99:182-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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22
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Biological actions and molecular effects of resveratrol, pterostilbene, and 3'-hydroxypterostilbene. J Food Drug Anal 2016; 25:134-147. [PMID: 28911531 PMCID: PMC9333438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stilbenes are a class of polyphenolic compounds, naturally found in a wide variety of dietary sources such as grapes, berries, peanuts, red wine, and some medicinal plants. There are several well-known stilbenes including trans-resveratrol, pterostilbene, and 3′-hydroxypterostilbene. The core chemical structure of stilbene compounds is 1,2-diphenylethylene. Recently, stilbenes have attracted extensive attention and interest due to their wide range of health-beneficial effects such as anti-inflammation, -carcinogenic, -diabetes, and -dyslipidemia activities. Moreover, accumulating in vitro and in vivo studies have reported that stilbene compounds act as inducers of multiple cell-death pathways such as apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and autophagy for chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents in several types of cancer cells. The aim of this review is to highlight recent molecular findings and biological actions of trans-resveratrol, pterostilbene, and 3′-hydroxypterostilbene.
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23
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Achy-Brou CAA, Billack B. Lipopolysaccharide Attenuates the Cytotoxicity of Resveratrol in Transformed Mouse Macrophages. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 71:272-276. [PMID: 27277074 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-016-0556-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol and pterostilbene are natural products that are present in plants and have been incorporated into various dietary supplements. Numerous beneficial pharmacologic effects have been reported for these stilbenes; however, the mechanism by which these compounds exert a cytotoxic effect in RAW 264.7 macrophages has not been well characterized. We have previously described that resveratrol is toxic to these tumor-derived macrophages and that stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) reduces resveratrol toxicity via a mechanism that involves activation of toll like receptor 4. In the present work, we examined the cellular and molecular effects of resveratrol and the related compound pterostilbene by determining cell viability and caspase 3 activity in control and LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages incubated with these stilbenes for 24 h. We found that LPS stimulation reduced the cytotoxicity of resveratrol but not of pterostilbene in these cells. When examined for effects on caspase 3 activation after a 24 h incubation, resveratrol and pterostilbene were each found to separately and significantly increase caspase 3 activity in these cells. LPS stimulation prevented caspase 3 activation by pterostilbene and reduced caspase 3 activation by resveratrol in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The data presented here indicate that LPS induces a phenotype switch in tumor-derived RAW 264.7 macrophages in which cells experiencing LPS in the presence of resveratrol or pterostilbene become less likely to activate the pro-apoptotic factor caspase 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle A Adiabouah Achy-Brou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Jamaica, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Blase Billack
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Jamaica, NY, 11439, USA.
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24
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Kosuru R, Rai U, Prakash S, Singh A, Singh S. Promising therapeutic potential of pterostilbene and its mechanistic insight based on preclinical evidence. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 789:229-243. [PMID: 27475678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pterostilbene (PS) is a well-recognized antioxidant that primarily exists in blueberries, grapevines and heartwood of red sandalwood. Interest in this compound has been renewed in recent years, and studies have found that PS possesses an array of pharmacological properties, including chemopreventive, antiinflammatory, antidiabetic, antidyslipidemic, antiatherosclerotic and neuroprotective effects. However, the greater in vivo bioavailability of PS, as compared to resveratrol, is an added advantage for its efficacy. This review provides a summary regarding the sources, pharmacokinetic aspects and pharmacodynamics of PS, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying its protective effects against cancer, brain injuries and heart disease. Studies regarding the safety profile of PS have also been included. Based on the presently available evidence, we conclude that PS represents an active phytonutrient and a potential drug with pleiotropic health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramoji Kosuru
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Uddipak Rai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swati Prakash
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishank Singh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Role of Natural Stilbenes in the Prevention of Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:3128951. [PMID: 26798416 PMCID: PMC4698548 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3128951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural stilbenes are an important group of nonflavonoid phytochemicals of polyphenolic structure characterized by the presence of a 1,2-diphenylethylene nucleus. Stilbenes have an extraordinary potential for the prevention and treatment of different diseases, including cancer, due to their antioxidant, cell death activation, and anti-inflammatory properties which associate with low toxicity under in vivo conditions. This review aims to discuss various approaches related to their mechanisms of action, pharmacological activities in animal models and humans, and potential chemoprevention in clinical studies. The biological activity of natural stilbenes is still incompletely understood. Furthermore, after administration to animals or humans, these molecules are rapidly metabolized. Thus pharmacokinetics and/or activities of the natural structures and their metabolites may be very different. Novel drug formulations have been postulated in order to improve stability and bioavailability, to minimize side effects, and to facilitate interaction with their domains in target proteins. These pharmacological improvements should lead stilbenes to become effective candidates as anticancer drugs.
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Zhou Y, Zhang XM, Ma A, Zhang YL, Chen YY, Zhou H, Li WJ, Jin X. Orally administrated pterostilbene attenuates acute cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury in a dose- and time-dependent manner in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 135:199-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Huang XY, Zhang SZ, Wang WX. Enhanced antitumor efficacy with combined administration of astragalus and pterostilbene for melanoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:1163-9. [PMID: 24606435 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.3.1163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragalus, a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, has exhibited antitumor actions in patients. In this study, in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of astragalus and synergistic antitumor efficacy in combination with pterostilbene were investigated. Melanoma cells were treated with pterostilbene (Pt), graduated doses of astragalus injection (AI), or these in combination. Cell viability was measured using a MTT assay. Released nucleosomes and caspase activity were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Growth inhibition in vitro and in vivo was also assessed. Analysis of variance and t tests were used for statistical analysis. Significant reduction (p<0.05) in cellular proliferation were observed with AI and AI-Pt in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Apoptosis and caspase-3/7 activity were significantly increased by AI and AI-Pt treatment (p<0.05). In vivo, AI inhibited melanoma tumor growth, with inhibition rates ranging from 36.5 to 62.3%, by inducing apoptosis via up-regulation Bax expression and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and down-regulating Bcl-2 expression. AI significantly inhibits the growth of melanoma in vitro and in vivo by inducing apoptosis. These data suggest that combined treatment of astragalus with pterostilbene enhances antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yan Huang
- Dermatology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China E-mail :
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Bhakkiyalakshmi E, Shalini D, Sekar TV, Rajaguru P, Paulmurugan R, Ramkumar KM. Therapeutic potential of pterostilbene against pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis mediated through Nrf2. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:1747-57. [PMID: 24417315 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is considered to be a 'master regulator' of the antioxidant response as it regulates the expression of several genes including phase II metabolic and antioxidant enzymes and thus plays an important role in preventing oxidative stress-mediated disorders, including diabetes. In this study, for the first time, we investigated the protective properties of a naturally available antioxidant, pterostilbene (PTS), against pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis and the involvement of Nrf2 in its mechanism of action. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Immunoblotting and quantitative reverse transcriptase (qRT)-PCR analysis were performed to identify PTS-mediated nuclear translocation of Nrf2 protein and the following activation of target gene expression, respectively, in INS-1E cells. In addition, an annexin-V binding assay was carried out to identify the apoptotic status of PTS-treated INS-1E cells, while confirming the anti-apoptotic potential of Nrf2 by qRT-PCR analysis of the expressions of both pro- and anti-apoptotic genes. KEY RESULTS PTS induced significant activation of Nrf2, in dose- and time-dependent manner, in streptozotocin-treated INS-1E rat pancreatic beta-cells. Furthermore, PTS increased the expression of target genes downstream of Nrf2, such as heme oxygenase 1 (HO1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), that confer cellular protection. PTS also up-regulated the expression of anti-apoptotic gene, Bcl-2, with a concomitant reduction in pro-apoptotic Bax and caspase-3 expression. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Collectively, our findings indicate the therapeutic potential of Nrf2 activation by PTS as a promising approach to safeguard pancreatic beta-cells against oxidative damage in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elango Bhakkiyalakshmi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India
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Zhang B, Wang XQ, Chen HY, Liu BH. Involvement of the Nrf2 pathway in the regulation of pterostilbene-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells via ER stress. J Pharmacol Sci 2014; 126:216-29. [PMID: 25341683 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.14028fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the various cancer cell lines, HeLa cells were found to be sensitive to pterostilbene (Pte), a compound that is enriched in small fruits such as grapes and berries. However, the mechanism involved in the cytotoxicity of Pte has not been fully characterized. Using biochemical and free radical biological experiments in vitro, we identified the pro-apoptotic profiles of Pte and evaluated the level of redox stress-triggered ER stress during HeLa cell apoptosis. The data showed a strong dose-response relationship between Pte exposure and the characteristics of HeLa apoptosis in terms of changes in apoptotic morphology, DNA fragmentation, and activated caspases in the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. During drug exposure, alterations in the intracellular redox homeostasis that favor oxidation were necessary to cause ER stress-related apoptosis, as demonstrated by enzymatic and non-enzymatic redox modulators. A statistically significant and dose-dependent increase (P < 0.05) was found with regard to the unique expression levels of Nrf2/ARE downstream target genes in HeLa cells undergoing late apoptosis, levels that were restored with anti-oxidant application with the Pte treatment. Our research demonstrated that Pte trigged ER stress by redox homeostasis imbalance, which was negatively regulated by a following activation of Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Pharmacology Department, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, China
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Harun Z, Ghazali AR. Potential chemoprevention activity of pterostilbene by enhancing the detoxifying enzymes in the HT-29 cell line. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 13:6403-7. [PMID: 23464466 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.12.6403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Detoxifying enzymes are present in most epithelial cells of the human gastrointestinal tract where they protect against xenobiotics which may cause cancer. Induction of examples such as glutathione S-transferase (GST) and its thiol conjugate, glutathione (GSH) as well as NAD(P)H: quinoneoxidoreductase (NQO1) facilitate the excretion of carcinogens and thus preventing colon carcinogenesis. Pterostilbene, an analogue of resveratrol, has demonstrated numerous pharmacological activities linked with chemoprevention. This study was conducted to investigate the potential of pterostilbene as a chemopreventive agent using the HT-29 colon cancer cell line to study the modulation of GST and NQO1 activities as well as the GSH level. Initially, our group, established the optimum dose of 24 hours pterostilbene treatment using MTT assays. Then, effects of pterostilbene (0-50 μM) on GST and NQO1 activity and GSH levels were determined using GST, NQO1 and Ellman assays, respectively. MTT assay of pterostilbene (0-100 μM) showed no cytotoxicity toward the HT-29 cell line. Treatment increased GST activity in the cell line significantly (p<0.05) at 12.5 and 25.0 μM. In addition, treatment at 50 μM increased the GSH level significantly (p<0.05). Pterostilbene also enhanced NQO1 activity significantly (p<0.05) at 12.5 μM and 50 μM. Hence, pterostilbene is a potential chemopreventive agent capable of modulation of detoxifiying enzyme levels in HT-29 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaliha Harun
- Biomedical Science Programme, School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Hsiao PC, Chou YE, Tan P, Lee WJ, Yang SF, Chow JM, Chen HY, Lin CH, Lee LM, Chien MH. Pterostilbene simultaneously induced G0/G1-phase arrest and MAPK-mediated mitochondrial-derived apoptosis in human acute myeloid leukemia cell lines. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105342. [PMID: 25144448 PMCID: PMC4140770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pterostilbene (PTER) is a dimethylated analog of the phenolic phytoalexin, resveratrol, with higher anticancer activity in various tumors. Herein, the molecular mechanisms by which PTER exerts its anticancer effects against acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells were investigated. Methodology and Principal Findings Results showed that PTER suppressed cell proliferation in various AML cell lines. PTER-induced G0/G1-phase arrest occurred when expressions of cyclin D3 and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2/6 were inhibited. PTER-induced cell apoptosis occurred through activation of caspases-8-9/-3, and a mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (MMP)-dependent pathway. Moreover, treatment of HL-60 cells with PTER induced sustained activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)1/2, and inhibition of both MAPKs by their specific inhibitors significantly abolished the PTER-induced activation of caspases-8/-9/-3. Of note, PTER-induced cell growth inhibition was only partially reversed by the caspase-3-specific inhibitor, Z-DEVE-FMK, suggesting that this compound may also act through a caspase-independent pathway. Interestingly, we also found that PTER promoted disruption of lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and release of activated cathepsin B. Conclusion Taken together, our results suggest that PTER induced HL-60 cell death via MAPKs-mediated mitochondria apoptosis pathway and loss of LMP might be another cause for cell apoptosis induced by PTER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ching Hsiao
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Erh Chou
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Peng Tan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jiunn Lee
- Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ming Chow
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yu Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Huang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Ming Lee
- Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (MHC); (LML)
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (MHC); (LML)
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Zhang Y, Shang Z, Gao C, Du M, Xu S, Song H, Liu T. Nanoemulsion for solubilization, stabilization, and in vitro release of pterostilbene for oral delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2014; 15:1000-8. [PMID: 24831090 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-014-0129-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pterostilbene, being extracted from many plants, has significant biological activities in preventing cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases so as to have great potential applications in pharmaceutical fields. But the poor solubility and stability of pterostilbene strictly restrained its applications. As a good protection and oral delivery system, an optimal nanoemulsion for pterostilbene was developed by using low-energy emulsification method. Systematic pseudo-ternary phase diagrams have been studied in optimization of nanoemulsion formulations. The prepared pterostilbene nanoemulsion was characterized by transmission electron microscope, Fourier transform Raman spectrum, and laser droplet size analyzer. Nanoemulsion droplets are circular with smooth margin, and the mean size is 55.8 ± 10.5 nm. The results illustrated that the nanoemulsion as oral delivery system dramatically improved the stability and solubility of pterostilbene, and in vitro release of pterostilbene was significantly improved (96.5% in pH 3.6 buffer; 13.2% in pH 7.4 buffer) in comparison to the pterostilbene suspension (lower than 21.4% in pH 3.6 buffer; 2.6% in pH 7.4 buffer).
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Role of isothiocyanate conjugate of pterostilbene on the inhibition of MCF-7 cell proliferation and tumor growth in Ehrlich ascitic cell induced tumor bearing mice. Exp Cell Res 2013; 320:311-28. [PMID: 24216289 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring pterostilbene (PTER) and isothiocyanate (ITC) attract great attention due to their wide range of biological properties, including anti-cancer, anti-leukemic, anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. A novel class of hybrid compound synthesized by introducing an ITC moiety on PTER backbone was evaluated for its anti-cancer efficacy in hormone-dependent breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) in vitro and Ehrlich ascitic tumor bearing mice model in vivo. The novel hybrid molecule showed significant in vitro anti-cancer activity (IC50=25 ± 0.38) when compared to reference compound PTER (IC50=65 ± 0.42). The conjugate molecule induced both S and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest as indicated by flow cytometry analysis. In addition, the conjugate induced cell death was characterized by changes in cell morphology, DNA fragmentation, activation of caspase-9, release of cytochrome-c into cytosol and increased Bax: Bcl-2 ratio. The conjugate also suppressed the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK. The conjugate induced cell death was significantly increased in presence of A6730 (a potent Akt1/2 kinase inhibitor) and PD98059 (a specific ERK inhibitor). Moreover, the conjugated PTER inhibited tumor growth in Ehrlich ascitic cell induced tumor bearing mice as observed by reduction in tumor volume compared to untreated animals. Collectively, the pro-apoptotic effect of conjugate is mediated through the activation of caspases, and is correlated with the blockade of the Akt and ERK signaling pathways in MCF-7 cells.
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Estrela JM, Ortega A, Mena S, Rodriguez ML, Asensi M. Pterostilbene: Biomedical applications. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2013; 50:65-78. [DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2013.805182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Kapoor S. Pterostilbene and its emerging antineoplastic effects: a prospective treatment option for systemic malignancies. Am J Surg 2013; 205:483. [PMID: 23411350 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2012.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Effect of stilbene derivative on superoxide generation and enzyme release from human neutrophils in vitro. Interdiscip Toxicol 2012; 5:71-5. [PMID: 23118590 PMCID: PMC3485656 DOI: 10.2478/v10102-012-0012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils represent the body′s primary line of defense against invading pathogens. They most rapidly reach the site of injury or infection, liberate antimicrobial proteins, proteases and produce reactive oxygen species. Prolonged or excessive liberation of these very effective and toxic substances could intensify the inflammatory process and enhance tissue damage in many diseases, such as allergies, infections and rheumatoid arthritis. Pterostilbene belongs to stilbenoids, structural analogues of resveratrol, which act as natural protective agents in defending the plant against viral and microbial attack. It possesses anticancerous, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. The study provides new information on the effect of pterostilbene [0.01–100 µmol/l] on superoxide generation in and myeloperoxidase (MPO) release from azurophil granules of isolated human neutrophils. PMA [1µmol/l], which activates NADPH-oxidase via protein kinase C, was used for stimulation of neutrophils Unstimulated cells showed neither superoxide generation nor myelopereoxidase release after preincubation with the drug studied. Pterostilbene dose dependently decreased superoxide generation in and MPO release from stimulated human neutrophils, however a significant decrease was recorded only in the concentration 100 µmol/l. The effect of pterostilbene was more pronounced on superoxide generation in comparison to MPO release. Our results suggest that the effect of pterostilbene may prove beneficial in controlling inflammation.
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Pterostilbene-induced tumor cytotoxicity: a lysosomal membrane permeabilization-dependent mechanism. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44524. [PMID: 22957077 PMCID: PMC3434130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenolic phytoalexin resveratrol is well known for its health-promoting and anticancer properties. Its potential benefits are, however, limited due to its low bioavailability. Pterostilbene, a natural dimethoxylated analog of resveratrol, presents higher anticancer activity than resveratrol. The mechanisms by which this polyphenol acts against cancer cells are, however, unclear. Here, we show that pterostilbene effectively inhibits cancer cell growth and stimulates apoptosis and autophagosome accumulation in cancer cells of various origins. However, these mechanisms are not determinant in cell demise. Pterostilbene promotes cancer cell death via a mechanism involving lysosomal membrane permeabilization. Different grades of susceptibility were observed among the different cancer cells depending on their lysosomal heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) content, a known stabilizer of lysosomal membranes. A375 melanoma and A549 lung cancer cells with low levels of HSP70 showed high susceptibility to pterostilbene, whereas HT29 colon and MCF7 breast cancer cells with higher levels of HSP70 were more resistant. Inhibition of HSP70 expression increased susceptibility of HT29 colon and MCF7 breast cancer cells to pterostilbene. Our data indicate that lysosomal membrane permeabilization is the main cell death pathway triggered by pterostilbene.
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The Journal of Surgical Research – 2012. J Surg Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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McCormack D, McFadden D. Pterostilbene and cancer: current review. J Surg Res 2011; 173:e53-61. [PMID: 22099605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pterostilbene (trans-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxystilbene) is an antioxidant that is primarily found in blueberries. Studies suggest that pterostilbene exhibits the hallmark characteristics of an effective anticancer agent based on its antineoplastic properties in several common malignancies. In vitro models have shown that pterostilbene inhibits cancer growth through alteration of the cell cycle, induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of metastasis. In vivo, pterostilbene inhibits tumorigenesis and metastasis with negligible toxicity. Pterostilbene has also been shown to be effective as an inducer of antioxidant capacity in multiple cancer cell lines that may facilitate its function as an anticarcinogenic compound. Additionally, preliminary studies show that pterostilbene exhibits much greater bioavailability compared with other stilbene compounds; however the exact pharmacologic mechanism of pterostilbene and its effects in humans are still under investigation. In this review, we present a comprehensive summary of the antineoplastic mechanisms of pterostilbene based on the results of preclinical studies and highlight recent advances in the study of this dietary compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise McCormack
- Department of Surgery, Danbury Hospital, Danbury, Connecticut 06810, USA.
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40
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McFadden DW, Souba WW. The Journal of Surgical Research Editorial Board – 2011. J Surg Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Deluc LG, Decendit A, Papastamoulis Y, Mérillon JM, Cushman JC, Cramer GR. Water deficit increases stilbene metabolism in Cabernet Sauvignon berries. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:289-97. [PMID: 21128664 PMCID: PMC3015458 DOI: 10.1021/jf1024888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The impact of water deficit on stilbene biosynthesis in wine grape (Vitis vinifera) berries was investigated. Water deficit increased the accumulation of trans-piceid (the glycosylated form of resveratrol) by 5-fold in Cabernet Sauvignon berries but not in Chardonnay. Similarly, water deficit significantly increased the transcript abundance of genes involved in the biosynthesis of stilbene precursors in Cabernet Sauvignon. Increased expression of stilbene synthase, but not that of resveratrol-O-glycosyltransferase, resulted in increased trans-piceid concentrations. In contrast, the transcript abundance of the same genes declined in Chardonnay in response to water deficit. Twelve single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in the promoters of stilbene synthase genes of Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, and Pinot Noir. These polymorphisms resulted in eight changes within the predicted cis regulatory elements in Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay. These results suggest that cultivar-specific molecular mechanisms might exist that control resveratrol biosynthesis in grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent G. Deluc
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mail Stop 200, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - Alain Decendit
- Groupe d’Etudes des Substances Végétales à Activité Biologique, EA 3675, ISVV, Université de Bordeaux 2, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, CS50008, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Yorgos Papastamoulis
- Groupe d’Etudes des Substances Végétales à Activité Biologique, EA 3675, ISVV, Université de Bordeaux 2, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, CS50008, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Michel Mérillon
- Groupe d’Etudes des Substances Végétales à Activité Biologique, EA 3675, ISVV, Université de Bordeaux 2, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, CS50008, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon Cedex, France
| | - John C. Cushman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mail Stop 200, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - Grant R. Cramer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mail Stop 200, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
- Corresponding author. Address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Nevada, Reno/MS 200 Reno, Nevada 89557. E-mail: . Phone: (775) 784-4204. Fax: (775) 784-1650
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Hwang JW, Chung S, Sundar IK, Yao H, Arunachalam G, McBurney MW, Rahman I. Cigarette smoke-induced autophagy is regulated by SIRT1-PARP-1-dependent mechanism: implication in pathogenesis of COPD. Arch Biochem Biophys 2010; 500:203-9. [PMID: 20493163 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2010.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 05/14/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a fundamental cellular process that eliminates long-lived proteins and damaged organelles through lysosomal degradation pathway. Cigarette smoke (CS)-mediated oxidative stress induces cytotoxic responses in lung cells. However, the role of autophagy and its mechanism in CS-mediated cytotoxic responses is not known. We hypothesized that NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) plays an important role in regulating autophagy in response to CS. CS exposure resulted in induction of autophagy in lung epithelial cells, fibroblasts and macrophages. Pretreatment of cells with SIRT1 activator resveratrol attenuated CS-induced autophagy whereas SIRT1 inhibitor, sirtinol, augmented CS-induced autophagy. Elevated levels of autophagy were induced by CS in the lungs of SIRT1 deficient mice. Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase-1 (PARP-1) attenuated CS-induced autophagy via SIRT1 activation. These data suggest that the SIRT1-PARP-1 axis plays a critical role in the regulation of CS-induced autophagy and have important implications in understanding the mechanisms of CS-induced cell death and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-woong Hwang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, USA
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Oxidative and nitrosative stress in the metastatic microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2010; 2:274-304. [PMID: 24281071 PMCID: PMC3835079 DOI: 10.3390/cancers2020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Revised: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastases that are resistant to conventional therapies are the main cause of most cancer-related deaths in humans. Tumor cell heterogeneity, which associates with genomic and phenotypic instability, represents a major problem for cancer therapy. Additional factors, such as the attack of immune cells or organ-specific microenvironments, also influence metastatic cell behavior and the response to therapy. Interaction of cancer and endothelial cells in capillary beds, involving mechanical contact and transient adhesion, is a critical step in the initiation of metastasis. This interaction initiates a cascade of activation pathways that involves cytokines, growth factors, bioactive lipids and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) produced by either the cancer cell or the endothelium. Vascular endothelium-derived NO and H2O2 are cytotoxic for the cancer cells, but also help to identify some critical molecular targets that appear essential for survival of invasive metastatic cell subsets. Surviving cancer cells that extravasate and start colonization of an organ or tissue can still be attacked by macrophages and be influenced by specific intraorgan microenvironment conditions. At all steps; from the primary tumor until colonization of a distant organ; metastatic cells undergo a dynamic process of constant adaptations that may lead to the survival of highly resistant malignant cell subsets. In this sequence of molecular events both ROS and RNS play key roles.
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