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Othman MA, Mubarak HA, Sayed MM. Ameliorative role of alpha-lipoic acid in renal cortical structural damage, induced by limb ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat. Ultrastruct Pathol 2022; 46:110-121. [PMID: 35135431 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2022.2035875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is related to kidney dysfunction due to bilateral lower limb ischemia. This kidney injury may lead to acute kidney failure and mortality. Alpha-Lipoic Acid, a known antioxidant, can ameliorate kidney dysfunction and histopathology related to several etiologies. Ischemia was performed in adult male rats by bilateral femoral artery occlusion, then ischemia-reperfusion was done for 1 day and 7 days. Lipoic acid was administered to rats that had undergone ischemia-reperfusion for 7 days. The renal cortices of the kidneys of the tested groups were processed for light and electron microscopic examination. Immunohistochemical evaluation was performed using the following markers: cleaved caspase 3, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. There was damage to the renal cortical tubules and degeneration of podocytes and thickening of the glomerular basement membrane. Additionally, there was an increase in apoptosis and the inflammatory markers' immunoreactivity. Administration of alpha-lipoic acid resulted in improvement of the structural and immunohistochemical changes of the renal cortex. This may suggest a therapeutic rule of it and promising application for variable kidney injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal A Othman
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain.,Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Heba A Mubarak
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Manal M Sayed
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assuit, Egypt
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Fındık O, Yılmaz MY, Yazır Y, Rençber SF, Sarıhan KK, Kunt AT. Investigation of the protective effect of enoxaparin and ticagrelor pretreatment against ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat lung tissue. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2019; 65:1193-1200. [PMID: 31618337 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.65.9.1193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to reveal the possible protective effects of ticagrelor and enoxaparin pretreatment against ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced injury on the lung tissue of a rat model. METHODS Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 4 groups as follows: group-1 (control-sham), group-2 (control-saline+IR), group-3 (ticagrelor+IR), group-4 (enoxaparin+IR). Before the ischemic period, saline, ticagrelor, and enoxaparin were administered to the 2nd-4th groups, respectively. In these groups, IR injury was induced by clamping the aorta infrarenally for 2 h, followed by 4 h of reperfusion except group-1. After the rats were euthanized, the lungs were processed for histological examinations. Paraffin sections were stained with Haematoxylin&Eosin (H&E) for light microscopic observation. Apoptosis was evaluated by caspase-3 immunoreactivity. Data were statistically analyzed using the SPSS software. RESULTS In the lung sections stained with H&E, a normal histological structure was observed in group-1, whereas disorganized epithelial cells, hemorrhage, and inflammatory cell infiltration were seen in the alveolar wall in group-2. The histologic structure of the treatment groups was better than that of group-2. Caspase-3(+) apoptotic cells were noticeable in sections of group-2 and were lower in the treatment groups. In group-4, caspase-3 immunostaining was lower than in group-3. In group-2, apoptotic cells were significantly higher than in the other groups (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Based on the histological results, we suggested that both therapies ameliorated the detrimental effects of IR. Caspase-3 immunohistochemistry results also revealed that pre-treatment with enoxaparin gave better results in an IR-induced rat injury model. In further studies, other parameters such as ROS and inflammatory gene expressions should be evaluated for accurate results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Fındık
- . Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Derince Education and Research Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Melda Yardımoglu Yılmaz
- . Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Yusufhan Yazır
- . Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Selenay Furat Rençber
- . Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Kübra Kavram Sarıhan
- . Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Atike Tekeli Kunt
- . Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Health Sciences University Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Bullkich E, Kimmel E, Golan S. A novel ischemia reperfusion injury hereditary tissue model for pressure ulcers progression. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2019; 18:1847-1866. [DOI: 10.1007/s10237-019-01181-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Akahane HGK, Gomes RZ, Paludo KS, Linhares F, Lopes L. The influence of allopurinol and post-conditioning on lung injuries induced by lower-limb ischemia and reperfusion in Wistar rats. Acta Cir Bras 2017; 32:746-754. [PMID: 29019592 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020170090000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the effects of allopurinol and of post-conditioning on lung injuries induced by lower-limb ischemia and reperfusion. METHODS Thirty rats were used. They were divided in 5 groups: (1) group A: abdominal aortic dissection only, (2) group B: ischemia and reperfusion, (3) group C: administered allopurinol (100mg/Kg) a few hours before procedure, (4) group D: post-conditioned and (5) group E: administered allopurinol and post-conditioned. With the exception of group A, all groups were submitted to infrarenal aortic ischemia for 2 hours, and reperfusion for 72 hours. After euthanasia, lungs were removed for histological analysis. They were graded under two scores: pulmonary injury (neutrophil infiltration, interstitial edema, vascular congestion, and destruction of lung architecture) and lymphocytic score (neutrophil infiltration, lymphoid aggregate and secondary follicle). RESULTS On the pulmonary injury score, the degree of injury was smaller than in groups D and E, when compared to group B, p<0.05. Group C did not obtain the same result (p>0,05). On the lymphocytic score, there was no statistic difference among groups, p>0.05. CONCLUSION Both post-conditioning and the combination of allopurinol and post-conditioning were effective in remote lung protection induced by lower-limbs I/R. When used in isolation, allopurinol showed no protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Genki Kagawa Akahane
- Graduate student, School of Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Brazil. Scientific and intellectual content of the study, acquisition of data, technical procedures, manuscript preparation
| | - Ricardo Zanetti Gomes
- PhD, Head, Department of Medicine, UEPG, Ponta Grossa-PR, Brazil. Scientific, intellectual, conception and design of the study; interpretation of data; critical revision
| | - Katia Sabrina Paludo
- PhD, Head, Department of Medicine, UEPG, Ponta Grossa-PR, Brazil. Scientific, intellectual, conception and design of the study; interpretation of data; critical revision
| | - Filipe Linhares
- Graduate student, School of Medicine, UEPG, Ponta Grossa-PR, Brazil. Technical procedures, acquisition of data
| | - Luana Lopes
- Graduate student, School of Medicine, UEPG, Ponta Grossa-PR, Brazil. Technical procedures, acquisition of data
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Effects of FTY720 on Lung Injury Induced by Hindlimb Ischemia Reperfusion in Rats. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:5301312. [PMID: 29249870 PMCID: PMC5700482 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5301312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a biologically active lysophospholipid mediator involved in modulating inflammatory process. We investigated the effects of FTY720, a structural analogue of S1P after phosphorylation, on lung injury induced by hindlimb ischemia reperfusion (IR) in rats. Methods Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into groups SM, IR, F3, F5, and F10. Group SM received sham operation, and bilateral hindlimb IR was established in group IR. The rats in groups F3, F5, and F10 were pretreated with 3, 5, and 10 mg/kg/d FTY720 for 7 days before IR. S1P lyase (S1PL), sphingosine kinase (SphK) 1, and SphK2 mRNA expressions, wet/dry weight (W/D), and polymorphonuclear/alveolus (P/A) in lung tissues were detected, and the lung injury score was evaluated. Results W/D, P/A, and mRNA expressions of S1PL, SphK1, and SphK2 were higher in group IR than in group SM, while these were decreased in both groups F5 and F10 as compared to IR (p < 0.05). The lung tissue presented severe lesions in group IR, which were attenuated in groups F5 and F10 with lower lung injury scores than in group IR (p < 0.05). Conclusions FTY720 pretreatment could attenuate lung injury induced by hindlimb IR by modulating S1P metabolism and decreasing pulmonary neutrophil infiltration.
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Lukiswanto BS, Yuniarti WM, Motulo YY. Effects of hyperbaric therapy on liver morphofunctional of rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus) after hind limb ischemia-reperfusion injury. Vet World 2017; 10:1337-1342. [PMID: 29263596 PMCID: PMC5732340 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.1337-1342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The objective of this research was to study and to prove the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) starting time on liver morphofunctional changes after ischemia-reperfusion in the hind limb of rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS This research used a complete randomized design with 4 groups and 6 repetitions on each. After 6 h artery femoral is ligation, reperfusion was performed for 100 min (G1), HBOT for 90 min after 10 min reperfusion (G2), 10 min reperfusion (G3), and HBOT 90 min after 60 min reperfusion (G4). Then, all of the rabbits were sacrificed. The liver and blood were taken for histopathological changes examination as well as for measuring the level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The statistical test using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney showed that the score of degeneration, necrosis, and portal inflammation in groups without HBOT (G1 and G3) were not significantly different, as well as in group with HBOT (G2 and G4) (p>0.05). However, the scores of histopathological changes in G1 and G3 were significantly different from those in G2 and G4 (p<0.05). The levels of AST and ALT in the groups without hyperbaric therapy (G1 and G3) were not significantly different from those in the groups treated with hyperbaric therapy (G2 and G4) (p>0.05). RESULT Hind limb ischemia injury reperfusion can trigger damage for liver morphology, but not lead to liver dysfunction. Reperfusion can trigger increased activity of neutrophils, while neutrophil infiltration in the organ will lead to dysfunction. HBOT can inhibit the activity of neutrophils and the dysfunction of organs caused by ischemic reperfusion. CONCLUSION HBOT for 90 min, both 10 and 60 min after the reperfusion, can protect hepatocytes from damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bambang Sektiari Lukiswanto
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mulyorejo, Kampus C, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Wiwik Misaco Yuniarti
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mulyorejo, Kampus C, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Y. Yosis Motulo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic, Cardiac, and Vascular Surgery, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
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Yang B, Fung A, Pac-Soo C, Ma D. Vascular surgery-related organ injury and protective strategies: update and future prospects. Br J Anaesth 2016; 117:ii32-ii43. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aew211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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Turóczi Z, Fülöp A, Czigány Z, Varga G, Rosero O, Tökés T, Kaszaki J, Lotz G, Harsányi L, Szijártó A. Improvement of small intestinal microcirculation by postconditioning after lower limb ischemia. Microvasc Res 2015; 98:119-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Weng X, Wang L, Chen H, Liu X, Qiu T, Chen Z. Ischemic postconditioning inhibits apoptosis in an in vitro proximal tubular cell model. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:99-104. [PMID: 25672392 PMCID: PMC4438958 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion is a common injury of clinical ischemic disease and surgical lesions. Ischemic postconditioning (IPO) improves the ability of organs subjected to ischemia to tolerate injury. However, renal IPO studies have been based on animal models. In order to gain insights into IPO-induced alterations at the cellular level, an in vitro model for IPO was designed using the rat proximal tubular cell line NRK-52E. This model was established by placing NRK-52E cells in ischemic conditions for 3 h, then exposing cells to three cycles of reperfusion for 10 min and finally to ischemic conditions for 10 min (postconditioning). The cells were cultured further in reperfusion conditions for 3, 6, 12 and 24 h. Flow cytometry and Hoechst were used to assess apoptosis. The protein expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-8 were analyzed by western blotting. The results demonstrated that apoptosis occurred in cells subjected to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) alone or with postconditioning following reperfusion for 24 h. Cells subjected to I/R demonstrated increased expression of Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-8 at the end of reperfusion. However, the levels of Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-8 were significantly attenuated in cells, which had undergone IPO. In conclusion, apoptosis was observed in cells subjected to 3 h of ischemia-reperfusion injury and IPO was able to inhibit this apoptosis. IPO inhibited apoptosis by inhibiting the caspase pathway thereby exerting protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Weng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xiuheng Liu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Tao Qiu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Chen
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Aranyi P, Turoczi Z, Garbaisz D, Lotz G, Geleji J, Hegedus V, Rakonczay Z, Balla Z, Harsanyi L, Szijarto A. Postconditioning in major vascular surgery: prevention of renal failure. J Transl Med 2015; 13:21. [PMID: 25622967 PMCID: PMC4314807 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0379-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Postconditioning is a novel reperfusion technique to reduce ischemia-reperfusion injuries. The aim of the study was to investigate this method in an animal model of lower limb revascularization for purpose of preventing postoperative renal failure. Methods Bilateral lower limb ischemia was induced in male Wistar rats for 3 hours by infrarenal aorta clamping under narcosis. Revascularization was allowed by declamping the aorta. Postconditioning (additional 10 sec reocclusion, 10 sec reperfusion in 6 cycles) was induced at the onset of revascularization. Myocyte injury and renal function changes were assessed 4, 24 and 72 hours postoperatively. Hemodynamic monitoring was performed by invasive arterial blood pressure registering and a kidney surface laser Doppler flowmeter. Results Muscle viability studies showed no significant improvement with the use of postconditioning in terms of ischemic rhabdomyolysis (4 h: ischemia-reperfusion (IR) group: 42.93 ± 19.20% vs. postconditioned (PostC) group: 43.27 ± 27.13%). At the same time, renal functional laboratory tests and kidney myoglobin immunohistochemistry demonstrated significantly less expressed kidney injury in postconditioned animals (renal failure index: 4 h: IR: 2.37 ± 1.43 mM vs. PostC: 0.92 ± 0.32 mM; 24 h: IR: 1.53 ± 0.45 mM vs. PostC: 0.77 ± 0.34 mM; 72 h: IR: 1.51 ± 0.36 mM vs. PostC: 0.43 ± 0.28 mM), while systemic hemodynamics and kidney microcirculation significantly improved (calculated reperfusion area: IR: 82.31 ± 12.23% vs. PostC: 99.01 ± 2.76%), and arterial blood gas analysis showed a lesser extent systemic acidic load after revascularization (a defined relative base excess parameter: 1st s: IR: 2.25 ± 1.14 vs. PostC: 1.80 ± 0.66; 2nd s: IR: 2.14 ± 1.44 vs. PostC: 2.44 ± 1.14, 3rd s: IR: 3.99 ± 3.09 vs. PostC: 2.07 ± 0.82; 4th s: IR: 3.28 ± 0.32 vs. PostC: 2.05 ± 0.56). Conclusions The results suggest a protective role for postconditioning in major vascular surgeries against renal complications through a possible alternative release of nephrotoxic agents and exerting a positive effect on hemodynamic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Aranyi
- 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Zsolt Turoczi
- 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - David Garbaisz
- 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gabor Lotz
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Janos Geleji
- Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Science, Institute of Mathematics, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Viktor Hegedus
- 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Zoltan Rakonczay
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Zsolt Balla
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Laszlo Harsanyi
- 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Attila Szijarto
- 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Watson JDB, Gifford SM, Clouse WD. Biochemical markers of acute limb ischemia, rhabdomyolysis, and impact on limb salvage. Semin Vasc Surg 2014; 27:176-81. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Majewski W, Krzyminiewski R, Stanisić M, Iskra M, Krasiński Z, Nowak M, Dobosz B. Measurement of free radicals using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy during open aorto-iliac arterial reconstruction. Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:2453-60. [PMID: 25429420 PMCID: PMC4257482 DOI: 10.12659/msm.890774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortic cross-clamping during abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) open repair leads to development of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) spin-trapping is a valuable method of direct measurement of free radicals. The objective of the study was to evaluate the results of EPR as a direct method of free radical measurement and degree of inflammatory response in open operative treatment of patients with AAA and aorto-iliac occlusive disease (AIOD). MATERIAL/METHODS The study was performed on a group of 32 patients with AAA and 25 patients with AIOD scheduled for open repair. Peripheral venous blood for EPR spectroscopy and for SOD, GPx, ox-LDL, Il-6, TNF-alfa, CRP, and HO-1 were harvested. Selected parameters were established accordingly to specified EPR and immunohistochemical methods and analyzed between groups by Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test with Bonferroni correction. RESULTS Free radicals level was correlated with the time of the aortic cross-clamping after the reperfusion of he first and second leg in AAA (r=0.7; r=0.47). ox-LDL in AAA decreased 5 min after reperfusion of the first leg (32.99 U/L, range: 14.09-77.12) and 5 min after reperfusion of the second leg (26.75 U/L, range: 11.56-82.12) and 24 h after the operation (25.85 U/L, range: 14.29-49.70). HO-1 concentration increased to above the level before intervention 24 h after surgery. The activities of GPx and SOD decreased 5 min after the first-leg reperfusion in AAA. Twenty-four hours after surgery, inflammatory markers increased in AAA to CRP was 14.76 ml/l (0.23-38.55), IL-6 was 141.22 pg/ml (84.3-591.03), TNF-alfa was 6.82 pg/ml (1.76-80.01) and AIOD: CRP was 18.44 mg/l (2.56-33.14), IL-6: 184.1 pg/ml (128.46-448.03), TNF-alfa was 7.74 pg/ml (1.74-74.74). CONCLUSIONS EPR spin-trapping demonstrates temporarily elevated level of free radicals in early phase of reperfusion, leading to decrease antioxidants in AAA. Elevated free radical levels decreased 24 h after surgery due to various endogenous antioxidants and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wacław Majewski
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ryszard Krzyminiewski
- Institute of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Division of Medical Physics, Poznań, Poland
| | - Michał Stanisić
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Maria Iskra
- Department of General Chemistry, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Krasiński
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marek Nowak
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Bernadeta Dobosz
- Institute of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Division of Medical Physics, Poznań, Poland
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Remote effects of lower limb ischemia-reperfusion: impaired lung, unchanged liver, and stimulated kidney oxidative capacities. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:392390. [PMID: 25180180 PMCID: PMC4142554 DOI: 10.1155/2014/392390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Remote organ impairments are frequent and increase patient morbidity and mortality after lower limb ischemia-reperfusion (IR). We challenged the hypothesis that lower limb IR might also impair lung, renal, and liver mitochondrial respiration. Two-hour tourniquet-induced ischemia was performed on both hindlimbs, followed by a two-hour reperfusion period in C57BL6 mice. Lungs, liver and kidneys maximal mitochondrial respiration (V(max)), complexes II, III, and IV activity (V(succ)), and complex IV activity (V(TMPD)) were analyzed on isolated mitochondria. Lower limb IR decreased significantly lung V(max) (29.4 ± 3.3 versus 24 ± 3.7 μmol O2/min/g dry weight, resp.; P = 0.042) and tended to reduce V(succ) and V(TMPD). IR did not modify liver but increased kidneys mitochondrial respiration (79.5 ± 19.9 versus 108.6 ± 21.4, P = 0.035, and 126 ± 13.4 versus 142.4 ± 10.4 μmol O2/min/g dry weight for V(max) and V(succ), resp.). Kidneys mitochondrial coupling was increased after IR (6.5 ± 1.3 versus 8.8 ± 1.1, P = 0.008). There were no histological changes in liver and kidneys. Thus, lung mitochondrial dysfunction appears as a new early marker of hindlimb IR injuries in mice. Further studies will be useful to determine whether enhanced kidneys mitochondrial function allows postponing kidney impairment in lower limb IR setting.
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Wang T, Zhou YT, Chen XN, Zhu AX, Wu BH. Remote ischemic postconditioning protects against gastric mucosal lesions in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:9519-9527. [PMID: 25071347 PMCID: PMC4110584 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i28.9519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the protective effects of remote ischemic postconditioning (RIP) against limb ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced gastric mucosal injury.
METHODS: Gastric IR was established in male Wistar rats by placing an elastic rubber band under a pressure of 290-310 mmHg on the proximal part of both lower limbs for 3 h followed by reperfusion for 0, 1, 3, 6, 12 or 24 h. RIP was performed using three cycles of 30 s of reperfusion and 30 s of reocclusion of the femoral aortic immediately after IR and before reperfusion for up to 24 h. Rats were randomly assigned to receive IR (n = 36), IR followed by RIP (n = 36), or sham treatment (n = 36). Gastric tissue samples were collected from six animals in each group at each timepoint and processed to determine levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), xanthine oxidase (XOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Additional samples were processed for histologic analysis by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Blood samples were similarly collected to determine serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-10.
RESULTS: The pathologic changes in gastric tissue induced by IR were observed by light microscopy. Administration of RIP dramatically reduced the gastric damage score after 6 h of reperfusion (5.85 ± 0.22 vs 7.72 ± 0.43; P < 0.01). In addition, RIP treatment decreased the serum activities of LDH (3.31 ± 0.32 vs 6.46 ± 0.03; P < 0.01), CK (1.94 ± 0.20 vs 4.54 ± 0.19; P < 0.01) and the concentration of TNF-α (53.82 ± 0.85 vs 88.50 ± 3.08; P < 0.01), and elevated the concentration of IL-10 (101.46 ± 5.08 vs 99.77 ± 4.32; P < 0.01) induced by IR at 6 h. Furthermore, RIP treatment prevented the marked elevation in MDA (3.79 ± 0.29 vs 6.39 ± 0.81) content, XOD (7.81 ± 0.75 vs 10.37 ± 2.47) and MPO (0.47 ± 0.05 vs 0.82 ± 0.03) activities, and decrease in SOD (4.95 ± 0.32 vs 3.41 ± 0.38; P < 0.01) activity in the gastric tissue as measured at 6 h.
CONCLUSION: RIP provides effective functional protection and prevents cell injury to gastric tissue induced by limb IR via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions.
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Wang T, Zhou YT, Chen XN, Zhu AX. Putative role of ischemic postconditioning in a rat model of limb ischemia and reperfusion: involvement of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 47:738-45. [PMID: 25075575 PMCID: PMC4143200 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20142910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is one of the most potent angiogenic growth
factors. It improves angiogenesis and tissue perfusion in ischemic skeletal muscle.
In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that ischemic postconditioning is
effective for salvaging ischemic skeletal muscle resulting from limb
ischemia-reperfusion injury, and that the mechanism involves expression of HIF-1α.
Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=36 each): sham-operated (group
S), hindlimb ischemia-reperfusion (group IR), and ischemic postconditioning (group
IPO). Each group was divided into subgroups (n=6) according to reperfusion time:
immediate (0 h, T0), 1 h (T1), 3 h (T3), 6 h
(T6), 12 h (T12), and 24 h (T24). In the IPO
group, three cycles of 30-s reperfusion and 30-s femoral aortic reocclusion were
carried out before reperfusion. At all reperfusion times
(T0-T24), serum creatine kinase (CK) and lactate
dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, as well as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor
necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations, were measured in rats after they were
killed. Histological and immunohistochemical methods were used to assess the skeletal
muscle damage and HIF-1α expression in skeletal muscle ischemia. In groups IR and
IPO, serum LDH and CK activities and TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 concentrations were all
significantly increased compared to group S, and HIF-1α expression was up-regulated
(P<0.05 or P<0.01). In group IPO, serum LDH and CK activities and TNF-α and
IL-6 concentrations were significantly decreased, IL-10 concentration was increased,
HlF-1α expression was down-regulated (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the pathological
changes were reduced compared to group IR. The present study suggests that ischemic
postconditioning can reduce skeletal muscle damage caused by limb
ischemia-reperfusion and that its mechanisms may be related to the involvement of
HlF-1α in the limb ischemia-reperfusion injury-triggered inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shuyang People's Hospital, JiangSu, China
| | - Y T Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Shuyang People's Hospital, JiangSu, China
| | - X N Chen
- Institute of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, LanZhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - A X Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shuyang People's Hospital, JiangSu, China
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Garbaisz D, Turoczi Z, Aranyi P, Fulop A, Rosero O, Hermesz E, Ferencz A, Lotz G, Harsanyi L, Szijarto A. Attenuation of skeletal muscle and renal injury to the lower limb following ischemia-reperfusion using mPTP inhibitor NIM-811. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101067. [PMID: 24968303 PMCID: PMC4072765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Operation on the infrarenal aorta and large arteries of the lower extremities may cause rhabdomyolysis of the skeletal muscle, which in turn may induce remote kidney injury. NIM-811 (N-metyl-4-isoleucine-cyclosporine) is a mitochondria specific drug, which can prevent ischemic-reperfusion (IR) injury, by inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition pores (mPTP). Objectives Our aim was to reduce damages in the skeletal muscle and the kidney after IR of the lower limb with NIM-811. Materials and methods Wistar rats underwent 180 minutes of bilateral lower limb ischemia and 240 minutes of reperfusion. Four animal groups were formed called Sham (receiving vehicle and sham surgery), NIM-Sham (receiving NIM-811 and sham surgery), IR (receiving vehicle and surgery), and NIM-IR (receiving NIM-811 and surgery). Serum, urine and histological samples were taken at the end of reperfusion. NADH-tetrazolium staining, muscle Wet/Dry (W/D) ratio calculations, laser Doppler-flowmetry (LDF) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) monitoring were performed. Renal peroxynitrite concentration, serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels were measured. Results Less significant histopathological changes were observable in the NIM-IR group as compared with the IR group. Serum K+ and necroenzyme levels were significantly lower in the NIM-IR group than in the IR group (LDH: p<0.001; CK: p<0.001; K+: p = 0.017). Muscle mitochondrial viability proved to be significantly higher (p = 0.001) and renal function parameters were significantly better (creatinine: p = 0.016; FENa: p<0.001) in the NIM-IR group in comparison to the IR group. Serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels were significantly lower (TNF-α: p = 0.003, IL-6: p = 0.040) as well as W/D ratio and peroxynitrite concentration were significantly lower (p = 0.014; p<0.001) in the NIM-IR group than in the IR group. Conclusion NIM-811 could have the potential of reducing rhabdomyolysis and impairment of the kidney after lower limb IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Garbaisz
- Semmelweis University, 1 Department of Surgery, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| | - Zsolt Turoczi
- Semmelweis University, 1 Department of Surgery, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Aranyi
- Semmelweis University, 1 Department of Surgery, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andras Fulop
- Semmelweis University, 1 Department of Surgery, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Oliver Rosero
- Semmelweis University, 1 Department of Surgery, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Hermesz
- University of Szeged, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Agnes Ferencz
- University of Szeged, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gabor Lotz
- Semmelweis University, 2 Department of Pathology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Harsanyi
- Semmelweis University, 1 Department of Surgery, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Szijarto
- Semmelweis University, 1 Department of Surgery, Budapest, Hungary
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Turóczi Z, Fülöp A, Lukáts Á, Garbaisz D, Lotz G, Harsányi L, Szijártó A. Postconditioning Protects Skeletal Muscle Against a Long-Lasting Vascular Occlusion. J INVEST SURG 2014; 27:282-90. [DOI: 10.3109/08941939.2014.916367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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18
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Impaired intestinal mucosal barrier upon ischemia-reperfusion: "patching holes in the shield with a simple surgical method". BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:210901. [PMID: 24955347 PMCID: PMC4053295 DOI: 10.1155/2014/210901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion (IR) is associated with impairment of the gut barrier function and the initiation of a proinflammatory cascade with life-threatening results. Therefore methods directed to ameliorate IR injury are of great importance. We aimed at describing the effects of postconditioning (PC) on the alterations of the intestinal mucosal function and the inflammatory response upon mesenteric IR. Methods. Male Wistar rats were gavaged with green fluorescent protein-expressing E. coli suspensions. Animals were randomized into three groups (n = 15), sham-operated, IR-, and PC-groups, and underwent 60 minutes of superior mesenteric artery occlusion, followed by 6 hours of reperfusion. Postconditioning was performed at the onset of reperfusion. Blood and tissue samples were taken at the end of reperfusion, for histological, bacteriological, and plasma examinations. Results. The PC-group presented a more favorable claudin-2, claudin-3, claudin-4, and zonula occludens-1 membrane expression profile, and significantly lower rates of bacterial translocation to distant organs and plasma D-lactate levels compared to the IR-group. Histopathological lesions, plasma I-FABP, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were significantly lower in the PC-group compared to the IR-group. Conclusion. The use of postconditioning improved the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier upon mesenteric IR, and thus reduced the incidence of bacterial translocation and development of a systemic inflammatory response.
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Turóczi Z, Arányi P, Lukáts Á, Garbaisz D, Lotz G, Harsányi L, Szijártó A. Muscle fiber viability, a novel method for the fast detection of ischemic muscle injury in rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84783. [PMID: 24454750 PMCID: PMC3890280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lower extremity ischemia is a limb- and life-threatening clinical problem. Rapid detection of the degree of injury is crucial, however at present there are no exact diagnostic tests available to achieve this purpose. Our goal was to examine a novel technique - which has the potential to accurately assess the degree of ischemic muscle injury within a short period of time - in a clinically relevant rodent model. Male Wistar rats were exposed to 4, 6, 8 and 9 hours of bilateral lower limb ischemia induced by the occlusion of the infrarenal aorta. Additional animals underwent 8 and 9 hours of ischemia followed by 2 hours of reperfusion to examine the effects of revascularization. Muscle samples were collected from the left anterior tibial muscle for viability assessment. The degree of muscle damage (muscle fiber viability) was assessed by morphometric evaluation of NADH-tetrazolium reductase reaction on frozen sections. Right hind limbs were perfusion-fixed with paraformaldehyde and glutaraldehyde for light and electron microscopic examinations. Muscle fiber viability decreased progressively over the time of ischemia, with significant differences found between the consecutive times. High correlation was detected between the length of ischemia and the values of muscle fiber viability. After reperfusion, viability showed significant reduction in the 8-hour-ischemia and 2-hour-reperfusion group compared to the 8-hour-ischemia-only group, and decreased further after 9 hours of ischemia and 2 hours of reperfusion. Light- and electron microscopic findings correlated strongly with the values of muscle fiber viability: lesser viability values represented higher degree of ultrastructural injury while similar viability results corresponded to similar morphological injury. Muscle fiber viability was capable of accurately determining the degree of muscle injury in our rat model. Our method might therefore be useful in clinical settings in the diagnostics of acute ischemic muscle injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Turóczi
- 1 Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| | - Péter Arányi
- 1 Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ákos Lukáts
- Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid Garbaisz
- 1 Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Lotz
- 2 Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Harsányi
- 1 Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Szijártó
- 1 Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Rosero O, Németh K, Turóczi Z, Fülöp A, Garbaisz D, Győrffy A, Szuák A, Dorogi B, Kiss M, Nemeskéri Á, Harsányi L, Szijártó A. Collateral circulation of the rat lower limb and its significance in ischemia-reperfusion studies. Surg Today 2014; 44:2345-53. [PMID: 24374367 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-013-0822-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rats are the most commonly used animal model for studies of acute lower limb ischemia-reperfusion. The ischemia induced by arterial clamping may cause milder damage than the application of a tourniquet if the presence of a possible collateral system is considered. METHODS Male Wistar rats were randomized into three groups: in group A, the muscle weight affected by ischemia was measured; in group B, the severity of muscle damage caused by the application of a tourniquet and by infrarenal aortic occlusion was examined. Blood and muscle samples were taken from group B to assess the serum necroenzyme, potassium and TNF-α levels, as well as the muscle fiber viability and for histological examinations. In group C, the identification of the lower limb collateral system was performed using corrosion casting. RESULTS Tourniquet application affected the lower muscle mass and resulted in significantly more severe injury compared to infrarenal aortic occlusion. This difference was reflected in the serum necroenzyme, potassium and TNF-α levels. The histological examination and viability assay confirmed these findings. The corrosion casts showed several anastomoses capable of supplying the lower limb. CONCLUSION Tourniquet application proved to be capable of inducing absolute lower limb ischemia, in contrast to infrarenal aortic ligation, where a rich collateral system is considered to help mitigate the injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivér Rosero
- 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, 78 Ulloi Street, Budapest, 1082, Hungary,
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Garbaisz D, Turoczi Z, Fulop A, Rosero O, Aranyi P, Onody P, Lotz G, Rakonczay Z, Balla Z, Harsanyi L, Szijarto A. Therapeutic option for managing lung injury induced by infrarenal aortic cross-clamping. J Surg Res 2013; 185:469-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Garbaisz D, Turóczi Z, Fülöp A, Rosero O, Arányi P, Ónody P, Lotz G, Rakonczay Z, Balla Z, Harsányi L, Szijártó A. [Postconditioning can reduce long-term lung injury after lower limb ischemia-reperfusion]. Magy Seb 2013; 66:146-154. [PMID: 23782601 DOI: 10.1556/maseb.66.2013.3.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Operation on the infrarenal aorta could cause ischemic-reperfusion (IR) injury in local tissues and remote organs (e.g. the lung). OBJECTIVES Our aim was to reduce long-term lung damage, after lower limb IR with postconditioning. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats underwent 180 minutes of bilateral lower limb ischemia. Animals were divided into three groups: Sham-operated, IR, Postconditioned (PostC) and further to two subgroups according to reperfusion time: 24 h and 72 h. Serum free radical and IL-6 levels, histological changes, Wet/Dry (W/D) ratio, tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and Hsp72 levels were investigated. RESULTS Postconditioning can reduce histological changes in the lung. Free radical levels are significantly lower in PostC groups than in IR groups (42.9 ± 8.0 vs. 6.4 ± 3.4; 27.3 ± 4.4 vs. 8.3 ± 4.0 RLU%; p < 0.05). IL-6 level (238.4 ± 31.1 vs. 209.1 ± 18.8; 190.0 ± 8.8 vs. 187.0 ± 14.9 pg/ml) and Hsp72 expression did not show any significant difference. Compared to the IR group, lung MPO activity did not change in the PostC groups. W/D ratio in PostC groups is significantly lower at all measured time-points (68% vs. 65%; 72% vs. 68%; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Postconditioning may reduce long-term damages of the lung after lower limb ischemic-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Garbaisz
- Semmelweis Egyetem, I. sz. Sebészeti Klinika, 1082 Budapest, Üllői út. 78
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Chen S, Chen L, Wu X, Lin J, Fang J, Chen X, Wei S, Xu J, Gao Q, Kang M. Ischemia postconditioning and mesenchymal stem cells engraftment synergistically attenuate ischemia reperfusion-induced lung injury in rats. J Surg Res 2012; 178:81-91. [PMID: 22520057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that ischemic postconditioning (IPO) or mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) engraftment could protect organs from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We investigated the synergetic effects of combined treatment on lung injury induced by I/R. METHODS Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: sham-operated control, I/R, IPO, MSC engraftment, and IPO plus MSC engraftment. Lung injury was assessed by arterial blood gas analysis, the wet/dry lung weight ratio, superoxide dismutase level, malondialdehyde content, myeloperoxidase activity, and tissue histologic changes. Cytokine expression was detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell apoptosis was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end assay and annexin V staining. RESULTS MSC engraftment or IPO alone markedly attenuated the lung wet/dry weight ratio, malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase production, and lung pathologic injury and enhanced arterial partial oxygen pressure, superoxide dismutase content, inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and decreased cell apoptosis in lung tissue, compared with the I/R group. In contrast, IPO pretreatment enhanced the protective effects of MSC on I/R-induced lung injury compared with treatment alone. Moreover, in the combined treatment group, the number of MSC engraftments in the lung tissue was increased, associated with enhanced survival of MSCs compared with MSC treatment alone. Additional investigation showed that IPO treatment increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and stromal cell-derived factor-1 in I/R lung tissue. CONCLUSIONS IPO might contribute to the homing and survival of transplanted MSCs and enhance their therapeutic effects through improvement of the microenvironment of I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchen Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
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Remote and local ischemic postconditioning further impaired skeletal muscle mitochondrial function after ischemia-reperfusion. J Vasc Surg 2012; 56:774-82.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2012.01.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Percival TJ, Rasmussen TE. Reperfusion strategies in the management of extremity vascular injury with ischaemia. Br J Surg 2012; 99 Suppl 1:66-74. [PMID: 22441858 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.7790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extremity injury with ischaemia is the most common pattern of vascular trauma and is a challenge for surgeons who must make decisions about the timing and mechanism of limb reperfusion. In modern military conflicts, effective use of limb tourniquets and rapid transport of the injured have increased the number of casualties who reach a medical service with potentially survivable vascular trauma. This report provides a review of extremity ischaemia and reperfusion following vascular trauma. METHODS A review was undertaken of extremity vascular injury with ischaemia, including a focus on adjuncts aimed at reducing reperfusion injury and improving neuromuscular recovery and limb salvage. RESULTS Findings from basic and clinical research support the need to restore perfusion to an ischaemic limb as soon as possible in order to achieve optimal neuromuscular recovery. Large-animal studies demonstrate that haemorrhagic shock worsens the impact of ischaemia on the neuromuscular structures of the limb and reduces the ischaemic threshold to as little as 1 h. Surgical adjuncts such as vascular shunts, fasciotomy, regional limb cooling and ischaemic conditioning may reduce the severity of ischaemic injury. Medical therapies have also been described including hypertonic saline, statins and ethyl pyruvate, which reduce the inflammatory response following limb reperfusion. CONCLUSION Contemporary translational research refutes a casual approach to extremity vascular injury with ischaemia, instead emphasizing expedited reperfusion. Surgical and medical adjuncts exist to expedite reperfusion and mitigate reperfusion injury. Additional research and development of these adjuncts is necessary to improve quality or functional limb salvage after vascular trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Percival
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas 78236, USA
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Wang T, Leng YF, Zhang Y, Xue X, Kang YQ, Zhang Y. Oxidative stress and hypoxia-induced factor 1α expression in gastric ischemia. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:1915-22. [PMID: 21528068 PMCID: PMC3080729 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i14.1915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the relation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to hypoxia induced factor 1α (HIF-1α) in gastric ischemia.
METHODS: The animal model of gastric ischemia reperfusion was established by placing an elastic rubber band on the proximal part of the bilateral lower limb for ligature for 3 h and reperfusion for 0, 1, 3, 6, 12 or 24 h. Ischemic post-conditioning, three cycles of 30-s reperfusion and 30-s femoral aortic reocclusion were conducted before reperfusion. Histological and immunohistochemical methods were used to assess the gastric oxidative damageand the expression of HIF1-α in gastric ischemia. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD), xanthine oxidase (XOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities were determined by colorimetric assays.
RESULTS: Ischemic post-conditioning can reduce post-ischemic oxidativestressand the expression of HIF-1α of gastric tissue resulting from limb ischemia reperfusion injury. MDA, SOD, XOD and MPO were regarded as indexes for mucosal injuries from ROS, and ROS was found to affect the expression of HIF-1α under gastric ischemic conditions.
CONCLUSION: ROS affects HIF-1α expression under gastric ischemic conditions induced by limb ischemia reperfusion injury. Therefore, ROS can regulate HIF-1α expression in gastric ischemia.
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