1
|
Khan H, Kashyap A, Kaur A, Singh TG. Pharmacological postconditioning: a molecular aspect in ischemic injury. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1513-1527. [PMID: 33460133 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is defined as the damage to the tissue which is caused when blood supply returns to tissue after ischaemia. To protect the ischaemic tissue from irreversible injury, various protective agents have been studied but the benefits have not been clinically applicable due to monotargeting, low potency, late delivery or poor tolerability. KEY FINDINGS Strategies involving preconditioning or postconditioning can address the issues related to the failure of protective therapies. In principle, postconditioning (PoCo) is clinically more applicable in the conditions in which there is unannounced ischaemic event. Moreover, PoCo is an attractive beneficial strategy as it can be induced rapidly at the onset of reperfusion via series of brief I/R cycles following a major ischaemic event or it can be induced in a delayed manner. Various pharmacological postconditioning (pPoCo) mechanisms have been investigated systematically. Using different animal models, most of the studies on pPoCo have been carried out preclinically. SUMMARY However, there is a need for the optimization of the clinical protocols to quicken pPoCo clinical translation for future studies. This review summarizes the involvement of various receptors and signalling pathways in the protective mechanisms of pPoCo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heena Khan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Ankita Kashyap
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Amarjot Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
You L, Pan YY, An MY, Chen WH, Zhang Y, Wu YN, Li Y, Sun K, Yin YQ, Lou JS. The Cardioprotective Effects of Remote Ischemic Conditioning in a Rat Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:1769-1779. [PMID: 30848248 PMCID: PMC6419535 DOI: 10.12659/msm.914916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is a noninvasive cardioprotective method in ischemia-reperfusion injury and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of RIC in a rat model of AMI. Material/Methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats included the AMI group that underwent ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery (n=24), the RIC group that consisted the AMI rat model treated with RIC once daily in the left hind limb until days 1, 7 and 14 (n=24), and the sham group (n=24). Myocardial infarct size was measured by routine histology with triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) and Masson’s trichrome histochemical staining for myocardial necrosis and fibrosis, respectively. Serum levels of Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The apoptosis index was detected using the TUNEL assay. Spectrophotometry of the myocardium was used to identify mitochondrial complexes and myocardial ATP. Results The RIC group showed improved cardiac hemodynamics, reduced the size of the myocardial infarction, upregulated expression of Bcl-2, and down-regulation of the levels of Bax, caspase-3, and iNOS, and reduced cardiac myocyte apoptosis and inhibited the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). Conclusions In a rat model of AMI, RIC improved the hemodynamic index, reduce the levels of apoptosis and myocardial injury, and improved mitochondrial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li You
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Ying-Ying Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Dasi Town Community Healthcare Center, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Meng-Yao An
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Wen-Hua Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China (mainland)
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Yan-Na Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Yong-Qiang Yin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Jian-Shi Lou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
An MY, Li Y, Chen WH, Zhang Y, Wu YN, Sun K, Pan YY, Yin YQ, Lou JS. Effects of non-invasive remote ischemic conditioning on rehabilitation after myocardial infarction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 488:278-284. [PMID: 28479248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) creates cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury and myocardial infarction (MI); however, the effects of non-invasive remote ischemic conditioning (nRIC) on prognosis and rehabilitation after MI (post-MI) remain unknown. We successfully established MI models involving healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. The nRIC group repeatedly underwent 5 min of ischemia and 5 min of reperfusion in the left hind limb for three cycles every other day until weeks 4, 6, and 8 after MI. nRIC improved cardiac hemodynamic function and mitochondrial respiratory function through increasing myocardial levels of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I, II, III, IV, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and decreasing the activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). nRIC could inhibit cardiomyocytes apoptosis and reduce myocardium injury through raising the expression of Bcl-2 and reduced the content of creatine kinase-MB, cardiac troponin I and Bax. The results indicated that long-term nRIC could accelerate recovery and improve prognosis and rehabilitation in post-MI rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yao An
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Wen-Hua Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Yan-Na Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Ying-Ying Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Yong-Qiang Yin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Jian-Shi Lou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hamilton K, Wolfswinkel EM, Weathers WM, Xue AS, Hatef DA, Izaddoost S, Hollier LH. The Delay Phenomenon: A Compilation of Knowledge across Specialties. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 2014; 7:112-8. [PMID: 25071876 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1371355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this article is to review and integrate the available literature in different fields to gain a better understanding of the basic physiology and optimize vascular delay as a reconstructive surgery technique. Methods A broad search of the literature was performed using the Medline database. Two queries were performed using "vascular delay," a search expected to yield perspectives from the field of plastic and reconstructive surgery, and "ischemic preconditioning," (IPC) which was expected to yield research on the same topic in other fields. Results The combined searches yielded a total of 1824 abstracts. The "vascular delay" query yielded 76 articles from 1984 to 2011. The "ischemic preconditioning" query yielded 6534 articles, ranging from 1980 to 2012. The abstracts were screened for those from other specialties in addition to reconstructive surgery, analyzed potential or current uses of vascular delay in practice, or provided developments in understanding the pathophysiology of vascular delay. 70 articles were identified that met inclusion criteria and were applicable to vascular delay or ischemic preconditioning. Conclusion An understanding of IPC's implementation and mechanisms in other fields has beneficial implications for the field of reconstructive surgery in the context of the delay phenomenon. Despite an incomplete model of IPC's pathways, the anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory benefits of IPC are well recognized. The activation of angiogenic genes through IPC could allow for complex flap design, even in poorly vascularized regions. IPC's promotion of angiogenesis and reduction of endothelial dysfunction remain most applicable to reconstructive surgery in reducing graft-related complications and flap failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amy S Xue
- Plastic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Daniel A Hatef
- Plastic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kang SW, Kim OK, Seo B, Lee SH, Quan FS, Shin JH, Lee GJ, Park HK. Simultaneous, real-time measurement of nitric oxide and oxygen dynamics during cardiac ischemia–reperfusion of the rat utilizing sol–gel-derived electrochemical microsensors. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 802:74-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|