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Maniakas A, Henderson YC, Hei H, Peng S, Chen Y, Jiang Y, Ji S, Cardenas M, Chiu Y, Bell D, Williams MD, Hofmann MC, Scherer SE, Wheeler DA, Busaidy NL, Dadu R, Wang JR, Cabanillas ME, Zafereo M, Johnson FM, Lai SY. Novel Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer PDXs and Cell Lines: Expanding Preclinical Models of Genetic Diversity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e4652-e4665. [PMID: 34147031 PMCID: PMC8530744 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare, aggressive, and deadly disease. Robust preclinical thyroid cancer models are needed to adequately develop and study novel therapeutic agents. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models may resemble patient tumors by recapitulating key genetic alterations and gene expression patterns, making them excellent preclinical models for drug response evaluation. OBJECTIVE We developed distinct ATC PDX models concurrently with cell lines and characterized them in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Fresh thyroid tumor from patients with a preoperative diagnosis of ATC was surgically collected and divided for concurrent cell line and PDX model development. Cell lines were created by generating single cells through enzymatic digestion. PDX models were developed following direct subcutaneous implantation of fresh tumor on the flank of immune compromised/athymic mice. RESULTS Six ATC PDX models and 4 cell lines were developed with distinct genetic profiles. Mutational characterization showed one BRAF/TP53/CDKN2A, one BRAF/CDKN2A, one BRAF/TP53, one TP53 only, one TERT-promoter/HRAS, and one TERT-promoter/KRAS/TP53/NF2/NFE2L2 mutated phenotype. Hematoxylin-eosin staining comparing the PDX models to the original patient surgical specimens show remarkable resemblance, while immunohistochemistry stains for important biomarkers were in full concordance (cytokeratin, TTF-1, PAX8, BRAF). Short tandem repeats DNA fingerprinting analysis of all PDX models and cell lines showed strong concordance with the original tumor. PDX successful establishment rate was 32%. CONCLUSION We have developed and characterized 6 novel ATC PDX models with 4 matching cell lines. Each PDX model harbors a distinct genetic profile, making them excellent tools for preclinical therapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Maniakas
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Division of Oto-rhino-laryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Ying C Henderson
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Hu Hei
- Department of Thyroid and Neck, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Peng
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yunyun Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yujie Jiang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Shuangxi Ji
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Maria Cardenas
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yulun Chiu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Diana Bell
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Michelle D Williams
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Marie-Claude Hofmann
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Steve E Scherer
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - David A Wheeler
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Naifa L Busaidy
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ramona Dadu
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer R Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Maria E Cabanillas
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Mark Zafereo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Faye M Johnson
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Stephen Y Lai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Correspondence: Stephen Y. Lai, MD, PhD, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 1445, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Lorusso G, Rüegg C, Kuonen F. Targeting the Extra-Cellular Matrix-Tumor Cell Crosstalk for Anti-Cancer Therapy: Emerging Alternatives to Integrin Inhibitors. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1231. [PMID: 32793493 PMCID: PMC7387567 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex network composed of a multitude of different macromolecules. ECM components typically provide a supportive structure to the tissue and engender positional information and crosstalk with neighboring cells in a dynamic reciprocal manner, thereby regulating tissue development and homeostasis. During tumor progression, tumor cells commonly modify and hijack the surrounding ECM to sustain anchorage-dependent growth and survival, guide migration, store pro-tumorigenic cell-derived molecules and present them to enhance receptor activation. Thereby, ECM potentially supports tumor progression at various steps from initiation, to local growth, invasion, and systemic dissemination and ECM-tumor cells interactions have long been considered promising targets for cancer therapy. Integrins represent key surface receptors for the tumor cell to sense and interact with the ECM. Yet, attempts to therapeutically impinge on these interactions using integrin inhibitors have failed to deliver anticipated results, and integrin inhibitors are still missing in the emerging arsenal of drugs for targeted therapies. This paradox situation should urge the field to reconsider the role of integrins in cancer and their targeting, but also to envisage alternative strategies. Here, we review the therapeutic targets implicated in tumor cell adhesion to the ECM, whose inhibitors are currently in clinical trials and may offer alternatives to integrin inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girieca Lorusso
- Experimental and Translational Oncology, Department of Oncology Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Curzio Rüegg
- Experimental and Translational Oncology, Department of Oncology Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - François Kuonen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hôpital de Beaumont, Lausanne University Hospital Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
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3
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Ferrari SM, Elia G, Ragusa F, Ruffilli I, La Motta C, Paparo SR, Patrizio A, Vita R, Benvenga S, Materazzi G, Fallahi P, Antonelli A. Novel treatments for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Gland Surg 2020; 9:S28-S42. [PMID: 32055496 DOI: 10.21037/gs.2019.10.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the deadliest human cancers and it is less than 2% of thyroid carcinomas (TCs). The standard treatment of ATC includes surgical debulking, accelerated hyperfractionated external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), and chemotherapy, in particular with cisplatin or doxorubicin, achieving about 10 months of median survival. Since ATC is a rare and aggressive tumor, it is still challenging to predict the patient clinical therapy responsiveness. Several genetic mutations have been described in ATC, involved in different molecular pathways linked to tumor progression, and novel therapies acting on these molecular pathways have been investigated, to improve the quality of life in these patients. Here we review the new targeted therapy of ATC. We report interesting results obtained with molecules targeting different pathways: angiogenesis (vandetanib, combretastatin, sorafenib, lenvatinib, sunitinib, CLM94, CLM3, etc.); EGFR (gefitinib, docetaxel); BRAF (dabrafenib/trametinib, vemurafenib); PPARγ agonists (rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, efatutazone); PD-1 and PD-L1 (pembrolizumab); TERT. To escape resistance to monotherapies, the evaluation of combination strategies with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or targeted drugs is ongoing. The results of clinical trials with dabrafenib and trametinib led to the approval from FDA of this combination for patients with BRAF V600E mutated ATC with locally advanced, unresectable, or metastatic ATC. The anti-PD-L1 antibody immunotherapy, alone or combined with a BRAF inhibitor, has been shown also promising in the treatment of ATC. Furthermore, to increase the therapeutic success and not to use ineffective or even harmful treatments, a real tailored therapy should be pursued, and this can be achieved thanks to the new available genomic analysis methods and to the possibility to test in vitro novel treatments directly in primary cells from each ATC patient. Exploring new treatment strategies is mandatory to improve the survival of these patients, guaranteeing a good quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giusy Elia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Ragusa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ruffilli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Armando Patrizio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Vita
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Benvenga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Master Program on Childhood, Adolescent and Women's Endocrine Health, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Interdepartmental Program on Molecular & Clinical Endocrinology, and Women's Endocrine Health, University hospital, A.O.U. Policlinico Gaetano Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriele Materazzi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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4
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Jin Y, Liu M, Sa R, Fu H, Cheng L, Chen L. Mouse models of thyroid cancer: Bridging pathogenesis and novel therapeutics. Cancer Lett 2019; 469:35-53. [PMID: 31589905 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Due to a global increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer, numerous novel mouse models were established to reveal thyroid cancer pathogenesis and test promising therapeutic strategies, necessitating a comprehensive review of translational medicine that covers (i) the role of mouse models in the research of thyroid cancer pathogenesis, and (ii) preclinical testing of potential anti-thyroid cancer therapeutics. The present review article aims to: (i) describe the current approaches for mouse modeling of thyroid cancer, (ii) provide insight into the biology and genetics of thyroid cancers, and (iii) offer guidance on the use of mouse models for testing potential therapeutics in preclinical settings. Based on research with mouse models of thyroid cancer pathogenesis involving the RTK, RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, SRC, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways, inhibitors of VEGFR, MEK, mTOR, SRC, and STAT3 have been developed as anti-thyroid cancer drugs for "bench-to-bedside" translation. In the future, mouse models of thyroid cancer will be designed to be ''humanized" and "patient-like," offering opportunities to: (i) investigate the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer through target screening based on the CRISPR/Cas system, (ii) test drugs based on new mouse models, and (iii) explore the underlying mechanisms based on multi-omics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Jin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Ri Sa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hao Fu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
| | - Libo Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Schweppe RE, Pozdeyev N, Pike LA, Korch C, Zhou Q, Sams SB, Sharma V, Pugazhenthi U, Raeburn C, Albuja-Cruz MB, Reigan P, LaBarbera DV, Landa I, Knauf JA, Fagin JA, Haugen BR. Establishment and Characterization of Four Novel Thyroid Cancer Cell Lines and PDX Models Expressing the RET/PTC1 Rearrangement, BRAFV600E, or RASQ61R as Drivers. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1036-1048. [PMID: 30733375 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cell lines are critical models to study tumor progression and response to therapy. In 2008, we showed that approximately 50% of thyroid cancer cell lines were redundant or not of thyroid cancer origin. We therefore generated new authenticated thyroid cancer cell lines and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models using in vitro and feeder cell approaches, and characterized these models in vitro and in vivo. We developed four thyroid cancer cell lines, two derived from 2 different patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) pleural effusions, CUTC5, and CUTC48; one derived from a patient with anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), CUTC60; and one derived from a patient with follicular thyroid cancer (FTC), CUTC61. One PDX model (CUTC60-PDX) was also developed. Short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping showed that each cell line and PDX is unique and match the original patient tissue. The CUTC5 and CUTC60 cells harbor the BRAF (V600E) mutation, the CUTC48 cell line expresses the RET/PTC1 rearrangement, and the CUTC61 cells have the HRAS (Q61R) mutation. Moderate to high levels of PAX8 and variable levels of NKX2-1 were detected in each cell line and PDX. The CUTC5 and CUTC60 cell lines form tumors in orthotopic and flank xenograft mouse models. IMPLICATIONS: We have developed the second RET/PTC1-expressing PTC-derived cell line in existence, which is a major advance in studying RET signaling. We have further linked all cell lines to the originating patients, providing a set of novel, authenticated thyroid cancer cell lines and PDX models to study advanced thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Schweppe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. .,University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Nikita Pozdeyev
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Laura A Pike
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Christopher Korch
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sharon B Sams
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Vibha Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Umarani Pugazhenthi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Christopher Raeburn
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Maria B Albuja-Cruz
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Philip Reigan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Daniel V LaBarbera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Iñigo Landa
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jeffrey A Knauf
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - James A Fagin
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Bryan R Haugen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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6
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Ferrari SM, Fallahi P, La Motta C, Elia G, Ragusa F, Ruffilli I, Patrizio A, Baldini E, Ulisse S, Antonelli A. Recent advances in precision medicine for the treatment of anaplastic thyroid cancer. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2019.1565940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Giusy Elia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Ragusa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ruffilli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Armando Patrizio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Enke Baldini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Ulisse
- Department of Surgical Sciences, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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7
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Marlow LA, Rohl SD, Miller JL, Knauf JA, Fagin JA, Ryder M, Milosevic D, Netzel BC, Grebe SK, Reddi HV, Smallridge RC, Copland JA. Methodology, Criteria, and Characterization of Patient-Matched Thyroid Cell Lines and Patient-Derived Tumor Xenografts. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:3169-3182. [PMID: 29846633 PMCID: PMC6126888 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the molecular underpinnings of thyroid cancer, preclinical cell line models are crucial; however, ∼40% of these have been proven to be either duplicates of existing thyroid lines or even nonthyroid-derived lines or are not derived from humans at all. Therefore, we set out to establish procedures and guidelines that should proactively avoid these problems, which facilitated the creation of criteria to make valid preclinical models for thyroid cancer research. DESIGN Based on our recommendations, we systematically characterized all new cell lines that we generated by a standardized approach that included (1) determination of human origin, (2) exclusion of lymphoma, (3) DNA fingerprinting and histological comparisons to establish linkage to presumed tissue of origin, (4) examining thyroid differentiation by screening two to three thyroid markers, (5) examination of biological behavior (growth rate, tumorigenicity), and (6) presence of common thyroid cancer genetic changes (TP53, BRAF, PTEN, PIK3CA, RAS, TERT promoter, RET/PTC, PAX8/PPARγ, NF1, and EIF1AX). RESULTS We established seven new thyroid cell lines (LAM136, EAM306, SDAR1, SDAR2, JEM493, THJ529, and THJ560) out of 294 primary culture attempts, and 10 patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDTXs; MC-Th-95, MC-Th-374, MC-Th-467, MC-Th-491, MC-Th-493, MC-Th-504, MC-Th-524, MC-Th-529, MC-Th-560, and MC-Th-562) out of 67 attempts. All were successfully validated by our protocols. CONCLUSIONS This standardized approach for cell line and PDTX characterization should prevent (or detect) future cross-contamination and ensure that only valid preclinical models are used for thyroid cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Marlow
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Laura A. Marlow, MS, Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, Florida 32224. E-mail:
| | - Stephen D Rohl
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - James L Miller
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Jeffery A Knauf
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - James A Fagin
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mabel Ryder
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Dragana Milosevic
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Brian C Netzel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Stefan K Grebe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Honey V Reddi
- Jackson Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Robert C Smallridge
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
- Division of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine Department, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - John A Copland
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
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8
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Rashid FA, Mansoor Q, Tabassum S, Aziz H, Arfat WO, Naoum GE, Ismail M, Farooqi AA. Signaling cascades in thyroid cancer: Increasing the armory of archers to hit bullseye. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:3798-3808. [PMID: 29243843 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is a multifaceted and therapeutically challenging disease and rapidly accumulating experimentally verified findings have considerably improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms which underlie its development. Substantial fraction of information has been added into existing landscape of molecular oncology and we have started to develop a sharper understanding of the underlying mechanisms of thyroid cancer. Wealth of information demystified different intracellular signaling cascades which are frequently deregulated in thyroid cancer. In vitro assays and xenografted mice based studies have helped us to identify drug targets and different synthetic and natural products are currently being tested to effectively treat thyroid cancer. Cabozantinib and vandetanib have been approved to treat medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) and two agents (lenvatinib and sorafenib) are also being used to treat radioactive-iodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer. This review comprehensively summarizes most recent advancements in our knowledge related to dysregulated intracellular signaling cascades in thyroid cancer and how different proteins can be therapeutically exploited. (1) We discuss how loss of TRAIL mediated apoptosis occurred in thyroid cancer cells and how different strategies can be used to restore apoptosis in resistant cancer cells; (2) We provide detailed account of seemingly opposite roles of NOTCH signaling in thyroid cancers; (3) TGF/SMAD mediated signaling also needs detailed research because of context dependent role in thyroid cancer. Researchers have only begun to scratch the surface of how TGF signaling works in thyroid cancer and metastasis; and (4) Role of SHH signaling in thyroid cancer stem cells is also well appreciated and targeting of SHH pathway will be an important aspect in treatment of thyroid cancer. Better concepts and improved knowledge will be helpful for clinicians in getting a step closer to individualized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Abdul Rashid
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Qaisar Mansoor
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Tabassum
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hafsa Aziz
- Nuclear Medicine, Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute, H-10 Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Waleed O Arfat
- Alexandria Comprehensive Cancer Center, Alexandria, Egypt.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - George E Naoum
- Alexandria Comprehensive Cancer Center, Alexandria, Egypt.,Department of Radiation oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Muhammad Ismail
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan
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9
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Fallahi P, Ruffilli I, Elia G, Ragusa F, Ulisse S, Baldini E, Miccoli M, Materazzi G, Antonelli A, Ferrari SM. Novel treatment options for anaplastic thyroid cancer. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2017; 12:279-288. [PMID: 30058884 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2017.1340155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Several genetic alterations have been identified in different molecular pathways ofanaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) and associated with tumor aggressiveness and progression (BRAF, p53,RAS, EGFR, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, etc). New drugs targeting these molecular pathways have beenrecently evaluated in ATC. Areas covered: We review the new targeted therapies of ATC. Interesting results have been reported with molecules targeting different pathways, as: a-BRAF (dabrafenib/trametinib, vemurafenib); b-angiogenesis (sorafenib, combretastatin, vandetanib, sunitinib, lenvatinib, CLM3, etc); c-EGFR (gefitinib); d- PPARγ agonists (rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, efatutazone). In patients with ATC treated with lenvatinib, a median overall survival of 10.6 (3.8-19.8) months was reported. In order to bypass the resistance to the single drug, the capability of targeted drugs to synergize with radiation, or chemotherapy, or other targeted drugs is explored. Expert commentary: New, affordable and individual genomic analysis combined with the opportunity to test these new treatments in primary cell cultures from every ATC patient in vitro, may permit the personalization of therapy. Increasing the therapeutic effectiveness and avoiding the use of ineffective drugs. The identification of new treatments is necessary, to extend life duration guaranteing a good quality of life. To bypass the resistance to asingle drug, the capability of targeted drugs to synergize with radiation, or chemotherapy, or othertargeted drugs is explored. Moreover, new affordable individual genomic analysis and the opportunity totest these novel treatments in primary cell cultures from every ATC patient in vitro, might permit topersonalize the therapy, increasing the therapeutic effectiveness and avoiding the use of ineffectivedrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poupak Fallahi
- a Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Ilaria Ruffilli
- a Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Giusy Elia
- a Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Francesca Ragusa
- a Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Salvatore Ulisse
- b Department of Experimental Medicine , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Enke Baldini
- b Department of Experimental Medicine , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Mario Miccoli
- a Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Gabriele Materazzi
- c Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- a Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
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Antonelli A, Fallahi P, Ulisse S, Ferrari SM, Mazzi V, Domenicantonio AD, Miccoli P. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the therapy of anaplastic thyroid cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINE ONCOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.2217/ije.15.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is often incurable so new therapeutic approaches are needed. Tyrosine kinases inhibitors (such as imanitib, sunitinib or sorafenib) are under evaluation for the treatment of ATC. Other vascular disrupting agents, such as combretastatin A4 phosphate, and antiangiogenic agents, such as aplidin, PTK787/ZK222584 and human VEGF monoclonal antibodies (bevacizumab, cetuximab), have been evaluated. Small-molecule adenosine triphosphate competitive inhibitors directed intracellularly at EGFRs tyrosine kinase, such as erlotinib or gefitinib, are also studied. Furthermore, new molecules have been shown to be active against ATC, such as CLM94 and CLM3. However, more research is needed to finally identify therapies able to control and to cure this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Salvatore Ulisse
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università, 30, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Martina Ferrari
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valeria Mazzi
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Domenicantonio
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Miccoli
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology & Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
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Covell LL, Ganti AK. Treatment of advanced thyroid cancer: role of molecularly targeted therapies. Target Oncol 2015; 10:311-24. [PMID: 26335853 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-014-0331-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Advanced thyroid cancer is not amenable to therapy with conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. However, newer advances in the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of different subtypes of thyroid cancer have provided new opportunities for the evaluation of molecularly targeted therapies. This has led to multiple clinical trials using various multi-kinase inhibitors and the subsequent US FDA approval of sorafenib for differentiated thyroid cancer and vandetanib and cabozantinib for medullary thyroid carcinoma. This review provides a summary of the current literature for the treatment of advanced thyroid carcinoma and future directions in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorinda L Covell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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