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Li L, Wang L, Liu D, Zhao Y. BRD7 suppresses tumor chemosensitivity to CHK1 inhibitors by inhibiting USP1-mediated deubiquitination of CHK1. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:313. [PMID: 37626049 PMCID: PMC10457387 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01611-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1), a key effector in the cellular response to DNA lesions, is a crucial component of all cell cycle checkpoints. Recent reports have revealed that CHK1 is highly expressed in numerous cancer types in the clinical settings. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of CHK1 expression in tumor cells remain unclear. Here, we report that CHK1 is negatively regulated by the bromodomain-containing protein 7 (BRD7). Specifically, BRD7 silencing increased CHK1 (but not CHK2) expression at both mRNA and protein levels, in a p53-independent manner in multiple tumor cell lines. Furthermore, BRD7 silencing stabilized CHK1 via reducing its ubiquitination. Mechanistically, BRD7 knockdown not only increased the levels of USP1, a deubiquitinase for CHK1, but also promoted the interaction between CHK1 and USP1, subsequently enhancing the de-ubiquitination of CHK1. USP1 knockdown abrogated BRD7 silencing-induced CHK1 induction. Biologically, the increased expression of CHK1 in tumor cells caused by BRD7 silencing significantly increased cell sensitivity to CHK1 inhibitors by enhancing tumor cell apoptosis, and this effect was reversed by the simultaneous knockdown of CHK1 or USP1. Taken together, our findings suggest that BRD7 is a potential genetic or drug target that may help to improve the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs targeting CHK1 in combinatorial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemin Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linchen Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dian Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongchao Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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2
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Carr SR, Wang H, Hudlikar R, Lu X, Zhang MR, Hoang CD, Yan F, Schrump DS. A Unique Gene Signature Predicting Recurrence Free Survival in Stage IA Lung Adenocarcinoma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2023; 165:1554-1564. [PMID: 37608989 PMCID: PMC10442056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2022.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective Resected stage IA lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has a reported 5-year recurrence free survival (RFS) of 63-81%. A unique gene signature stratifying patients with early stage LUAD as high or low-risk of recurrence would be valuable. Methods GEO datasets combining European and North American LUAD patients (n=684) were filtered for stage IA (n=105) to develop a robust signature for recurrence (RFSscore). Univariate Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to assess associations of gene expression with RFS and OS. Leveraging a bootstrap approach of these identified upregulated genes allowed construction of a model which was evaluated by Area Under the Received Operating Characteristics. The optimal signature has RFSscore calculated via a linear combination of expression of selected genes weighted by the corresponding Cox regression derived coefficients. Log-rank analysis calculated RFS and OS. Results were validated using the LUAD TCGA transcriptomic NGS based dataset. Results Rigorous bioinformatic analysis identified a signature of 4 genes: KNSTRN, PAFAH1B3, MIF, CHEK1. Kaplan-Meier analysis of stage IA LUAD with this signature resulted in 5-year RFS for low-risk of 90% compared to 53% for high-risk (HR 6.55, 95%CI 2.65-16.18, p-value <0.001), confirming the robustness of the gene signature with its clinical significance. Validation of the signature using TCGA dataset resulted in an AUC of 0.797 and 5-year RFS for low and high-risk stage IA patients being 91% and 67%, respectively (HR 3.44, 95%CI 1.16-10.23, p-value=0.044). Conclusions This 4 gene signature stratifies European and North American patients with pathologically confirmed stage IA LUAD into low and high-risk groups for OS and more importantly RFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamus R Carr
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Haitao Wang
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rasika Hudlikar
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Xiaofan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mary R Zhang
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chuong D Hoang
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Fangrong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - David S Schrump
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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3
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Effect of Cepharanthine on the Stemness of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Network Pharmacology and Bioinformatics. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5956526. [PMID: 36483630 PMCID: PMC9723418 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5956526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) has poor survival prognosis and few clinical treatment options. We urgently need to explore new therapeutic drugs in clinical practice. Cepharanthine (CEP) has been shown to have anticancer effects in several tumors, but the mechanism of CEP in treating LUSC has not been reported. Methods SwissTargetPrediction, PharmMapper, and GeneCards were used to identify targets of CEP and LUSC. Further topological analysis was used to obtain hub genes via Cytoscape. Molecular docking was carried out to verify the combination of CEP with hub targets. Based on bioinformatics, we first analyzed the expression and survival of hub targets in LUSC and further analyzed the correlation between hub targets and cancer stemness, immune cell infiltration, and tumor mutation burden (TMB). Results A total of 41 targets were identified. Further topological analysis identified 6 hub genes: AURKA, CCNA2, CCNE1, CDK1, CHEK1, and PLK1. Molecular docking analysis showed that CEP had stable binding to all these 6 target proteins. In-depth bioinformatics analysis of these 6 targets showed that high expression of these targets were positively correlated with cancer stemness index and negatively correlated with tumor infiltrating immune cells. In immune subtype analysis, the expressions of these targets were significantly decreased in inflammatory tumors. In addition, we also found that the expressions of these targets were positively correlated with TMB. Conclusion Based on multidisciplinary analysis, we preliminarily identified potential targets of CEP for LUSC treatment and suggested that CEP may play a role in regulating LUSC stemness.
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4
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Toulany M. Targeting K-Ras-mediated DNA damage response in radiation oncology: Current status, challenges and future perspectives. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2022; 38:6-14. [PMID: 36313934 PMCID: PMC9596599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 60% of cancer patients receive curative or palliative radiation. Despite the significant role of radiotherapy (RT) as a curative approach for many solid tumors, tumor recurrence occurs, partially because of intrinsic radioresistance. Accumulating evidence indicates that the success of RT is hampered by activation of the DNA damage response (DDR). The intensity of DDR signaling is affected by multiple parameters, e.g., loss-of-function mutations in tumor suppressor genes, gain-of-function mutations in protooncogenes as well as radiation-induced alterations in signal-transduction pathways. Therefore, the response to irradiation differs in tumors of different types, which makes the individualization of RT as a rational but challenging goal. One contributor to tumor cell radiation survival is signaling through the Ras pathway. Three RAS genes encode 4 Ras isoforms: K-Ras4A, K-Ras4B, H-Ras, and N-Ras. RAS family members are found to be mutated in approximately 19% of human cancers. Mutations in RAS lead to constitutive activation of the gene product and activation of multiple Ras-dependent signal-transduction cascades. Preclinical studies have shown that the expression of mutant KRAS affects DDR and increases cell survival after irradiation. Approximately 70% of RAS mutations occur in KRAS. Thus, applying targeted therapies directly against K-Ras as well as K-Ras upstream activators and downstream effectors might be a tumor-specific approach to overcome K-Ras-mediated RT resistance. In this review, the role of K-Ras in the activation of DDR signaling will be summarized. Recent progress in targeting DDR in KRAS-mutated tumors in combination with radiochemotherapy will be discussed.
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5
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Plangger A, Rath B, Hochmair M, Funovics M, Neumayer C, Zeillinger R, Hamilton G. Synergistic cytotoxicity of the CDK4 inhibitor Fascaplysin in combination with EGFR inhibitor Afatinib against Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Invest New Drugs 2022; 40:215-223. [PMID: 34596822 PMCID: PMC8993745 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-021-01181-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the absence of suitable molecular markers, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients have to be treated with chemotherapy with poor results at advanced stages. Therefore, the activity of the anticancer marine drug fascaplysin was tested against primary NSCLC cell lines established from pleural effusions. Cytotoxicity of the drug or combinations were determined using MTT assays and changes in intracellular phosphorylation by Western blot arrays. Fascaplysin revealed high cytotoxicity against NSCLC cells and exhibit an activity pattern different of the standard drug cisplatin. Furthermore, fascaplysin synergizes with the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) afatinib to yield a twofold increased antitumor effect. Interaction with the Chk1/2 inhibitor AZD7762 confirm the differential effects of fascplysin and cisplatin. Protein phosphorylation assays showed hypophosphorylation of Akt1/2/3 and ERK1/2 as well as hyperphosphorylation of stress response mediators of H1299 NSCLC cells. In conclusion, fascaplysin shows high cytotoxicity against pleural primary NSCLC lines that could be further boosted when combined with the EGFR TKI afatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelina Plangger
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Rath
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Hochmair
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, Karl Landsteiner Institute of Lung Research & Pulmonary Oncology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Funovics
- Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy Medical, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Neumayer
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Zeillinger
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Hamilton
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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6
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Nguyen TT, Lee HS, Burt BM, Wu J, Zhang J, Amos CI, Cheng C. A lepidic gene signature predicts patient prognosis and sensitivity to immunotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma. Genome Med 2022; 14:5. [PMID: 35016696 PMCID: PMC8753834 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-01010-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung adenocarcinoma, the most common type of lung cancer, has a high level of morphologic heterogeneity and is composed of tumor cells of multiple histological subtypes. It has been reported that immune cell infiltration significantly impacts clinical outcomes of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. However, it is unclear whether histologic subtyping can reflect the tumor immune microenvironment, and whether histologic subtyping can be applied for therapeutic stratification of the current standard of care. METHODS We inferred immune cell infiltration levels using a histological subtype-specific gene expression dataset. From differential gene expression analysis between different histological subtypes, we developed two gene signatures to computationally determine the relative abundance of lepidic and solid components (denoted as the L-score and S-score, respectively) in lung adenocarcinoma samples. These signatures enabled us to investigate the relationship between histological composition and clinical outcomes in lung adenocarcinoma using previously published datasets. RESULTS We found dramatic immunological differences among histological subtypes. Differential gene expression analysis showed that the lepidic and solid subtypes could be differentiated based on their gene expression patterns while the other subtypes shared similar gene expression patterns. Our results indicated that higher L-scores were associated with prolonged survival, and higher S-scores were associated with shortened survival. L-scores and S-scores were also correlated with global genomic features such as tumor mutation burdens and driver genomic events. Interestingly, we observed significantly decreased L-scores and increased S-scores in lung adenocarcinoma samples with EGFR gene amplification but not in samples with EGFR gene mutations. In lung cancer cell lines, we observed significant correlations between L-scores and cell sensitivity to a number of targeted drugs including EGFR inhibitors. Moreover, lung cancer patients with higher L-scores were more likely to benefit from immune checkpoint blockade therapy. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provided further insights into evaluating histology composition in lung adenocarcinoma. The established signatures reflected that lepidic and solid subtypes in lung adenocarcinoma would be associated with prognosis, genomic features, and responses to targeted therapy and immunotherapy. The signatures therefore suggested potential clinical translation in predicting patient survival and treatment responses. In addition, our framework can be applied to other types of cancer with heterogeneous histological subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thinh T Nguyen
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hyun-Sung Lee
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bryan M Burt
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jia Wu
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Imaging Physics, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Chao Cheng
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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7
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Jabbour SK, Williams TM, Sayan M, Miller ED, Ajani JA, Chang AC, Coleman N, El-Rifai W, Haddock M, Ilson D, Jamorabo D, Kunos C, Lin S, Liu G, Prasanna PG, Rustgi AK, Wong R, Vikram B, Ahmed MM. Potential Molecular Targets in the Setting of Chemoradiation for Esophageal Malignancies. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 113:665-679. [PMID: 33351071 PMCID: PMC8600025 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djaa195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the development of effective combined chemoradiation regimens for esophageal cancers has resulted in statistically significant survival benefits, the majority of patients treated with curative intent develop locoregional and/or distant relapse. Further improvements in disease control and survival will require the development of individualized therapy based on the knowledge of host and tumor genomics and potentially harnessing the host immune system. Although there are a number of gene targets that are amplified and proteins that are overexpressed in esophageal cancers, attempts to target several of these have not proven successful in unselected patients. Herein, we review our current state of knowledge regarding the molecular pathways implicated in esophageal carcinoma, and the available agents for targeting these pathways that may rationally be combined with standard chemoradiation, with the hope that this commentary will guide future efforts of novel combinations of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma K Jabbour
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Terence M Williams
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Mutlay Sayan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Eric D Miller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jaffer A Ajani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew C Chang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Surgery, Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Norman Coleman
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michael Haddock
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David Ilson
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Charles Kunos
- Investigational Drug Branch, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Steven Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Pataje G Prasanna
- Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rosemary Wong
- Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Bhadrasain Vikram
- Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Mansoor M Ahmed
- Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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Sur-Erdem I, Muslu K, Pınarbası N, Altunbek M, Seker-Polat F, Cingöz A, Aydın SO, Kahraman M, Culha M, Solaroglu I, Bagcı-Önder T. TRAIL-conjugated silver nanoparticles sensitize glioblastoma cells to TRAIL by regulating CHK1 in the DNA repair pathway. Neurol Res 2020; 42:1061-1069. [PMID: 32715947 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2020.1796378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) selectively triggers apoptosis in cancer cells, but not in normal cells. Resistance of glioblastoma cells to TRAIL is a major obstacle for successful clinical treatment of TRAIL. Thus, there is an essential requirement for novel approaches to sensitize TRAIL resistance. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most promising nanomaterials that show immense antitumor potential via targeting various cellular and molecular processes; however, the effects of AgNPs on TRAIL sensitivity in cancer cells remain unclear. Therefore, we hypothesized that TRAIL-conjugated AgNPs (TRAIL-AgNPs) can overcome TRAIL resistance through inducing death receptor activation in glioblastoma cells, but not normal cells. METHODS In this study, the therapeutic effect of TRAIL-AgNPs is investigated by analyzing the cell viability, caspase activity, and CHK1 gene expression in T98 G TRAIL-Sensitive (TS) and T98 G TRAIL-Resistant (TR) glioblastoma cells. RESULTS It is found that TRAIL-AgNPs are more toxic compared to TRAIL and AgNPs treatments alone on TR cells. While TRAIL and AgNPs alone do not enhance the caspase activity, conjugation of TRAIL to AgNPs increases the caspase activity in TR cells. Moreover, the TRAIL-AgNPs-treated TR cells show less CHK1 expression compared to the TRAIL treatment. CONCLUSION These results suggest that TRAIL sensitivity of TR cells can be enhanced by conjugation of TRAIL with AgNPs, which would be a novel therapeutic approach to sensitize TRAIL resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilknur Sur-Erdem
- Koç University School of Medicine , Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM) , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kerem Muslu
- Koç University School of Medicine , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nareg Pınarbası
- Koç University School of Medicine , Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM) , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mine Altunbek
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fidan Seker-Polat
- Koç University School of Medicine , Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM) , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Cingöz
- Koç University School of Medicine , Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM) , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Onur Aydın
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM) , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kahraman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gaziantep , Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Culha
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ihsan Solaroglu
- Koç University School of Medicine , Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM) , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugba Bagcı-Önder
- Koç University School of Medicine , Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM) , Istanbul, Turkey
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9
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Li Y, Liang Y, Ma T, Yang Q. Identification of DGUOK-AS1 as a Prognostic Factor in Breast Cancer by Bioinformatics Analysis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1092. [PMID: 32766141 PMCID: PMC7379746 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Significant developments have been made in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment, yet the prognosis remains unsatisfactory. Accumulating evidence indicates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play pivotal roles in the development and progression of human tumors. However, the regulatory mechanisms and clinical significance of most lncRNAs in breast cancer remain poorly understood. Methods: The lncRNA, miRNA, and mRNA expression profiles were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. A lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was constructed and visualized using Cytoscape. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the STRING database and hub genes were extracted using the cytoHubba plugin. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes analyses identified the functions and signaling pathways associated with these differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs). Expression of the key lncRNA and the relationship with prognosis of patients with breast cancer were evaluated. Results: Six differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs), 29 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs), and 253 DEmRNAs were selected to construct the regulatory network. A PPI network was established and seven hub genes were identified. A lncRNA-miRNA-hub gene regulatory sub-network was established containing two DElncRNAs, five DEmiRNAs, and seven DEmRNAs. Hub genes were associated with breast cancer onset and progression. The upregulated DGUOK-AS1 was identified as the key lncRNA in breast cancer based on the competing endogenous RNA network. High DGUOK-AS1 expression was associated with adverse prognosis in patients with breast cancer and a prognostic nomogram built on Grade, LN status, and DGUOK-AS1 expression shows significant prognostic value. Conclusions: Our results reveal the significant roles of lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA regulatory networks in breast cancer and identified a novel prognosis predictor and promising therapeutic target for patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalun Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Yiran Liang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tingting Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qifeng Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Pathology Tissue Bank, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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10
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Fang X, Liu X, Weng C, Wu Y, Li B, Mao H, Guan M, Lu L, Liu G. Construction and Validation of a Protein Prognostic Model for Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:2718-2727. [PMID: 33162799 PMCID: PMC7645351 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.47224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSCC), as the major type of lung cancer, has high morbidity and mortality rates. The prognostic markers for LUSCC are much fewer than lung adenocarcinoma. Besides, protein biomarkers have advantages of economy, accuracy and stability. The aim of this study was to construct a protein prognostic model for LUSCC. The protein expression data of LUSCC were downloaded from The Cancer Protein Atlas (TCPA) database. Clinical data of LUSCC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. A total of 237 proteins were identified from 325 cases of LUSCC patients based on the TCPA and TCGA database. According to Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox analysis, a prognostic prediction model was established which was consisted of 6 proteins (CHK1_pS345, CHK2, IRS1, PAXILLIN, BRCA2 and BRAF_pS445). After calculating the risk values of each patient according to the coefficient of each protein in the risk model, the LUSCC patients were divided into high risk group and low risk group. The survival analysis demonstrated that there was significant difference between these two groups (p= 4.877e-05). The area under the curve (AUC) value of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.699, which suggesting that the prognostic risk model could effectively predict the survival of LUSCC patients. Univariate and multivariate analysis indicated that this prognostic model could be used as independent prognosis factors for LUSCC patients. Proteins co-expression analysis showed that there were 21 proteins co-expressed with the proteins in the risk model. In conclusion, our study constructed a protein prognostic model, which could effectively predict the prognosis of LUSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xisheng Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510180.,Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510180
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510180.,Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510180
| | - Chengyin Weng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510180.,Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510180
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510180.,Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510180
| | - Baoxiu Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510180.,Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510180
| | - Haibo Mao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510180.,Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510180
| | - Mingmei Guan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510180.,Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510180
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510180.,Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510180
| | - Guolong Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510180.,Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510180
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11
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Shao G, Wang M, Fan X, Zhong L, Wang Z, Zhang P, Ji S. lncRNA CASC9 positively regulates CHK1 to promote breast cancer cell proliferation and survival through sponging the miR‑195/497 cluster. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1665-1675. [PMID: 30816435 PMCID: PMC6438439 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in the pathogenesis and development of diverse types of human disorders. Cancer susceptibility candidate 9 (CASC9), a gene encoding a lncRNA, has frequently been reported to be dysregulated and has been implicated in multiple types of human malignancies. However, the biological role of lncRNA CASC9 in breast cancer (BC) remains largely unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the role of lncRNA CASC9 in BC and to elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms involved. In the present study, lncRNA CASC9 was found to be significantly upregulated in both BC tissues and cell lines. Furthermore, functional analyses revealed that lncRNA CASC9 accelerated BC cell proliferation, promoted cell cycle progression and suppressed cell apoptosis. Moreover, mechanical experiments demonstrated that lncRNA CASC9 positively regulated checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) by competitively binding to the miR-195/497 cluster in BC cells. Additionally, the knockdown of lncRNA CASC9 was observed to suppress breast tumor growth in vivo. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that lncRNA CASC9 plays an oncogenic role in BC through sponging the miR-195/497 cluster, and that lncRNA CASC9 may be used as a novel therapeutic target and as a potential diagnostic marker for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoli Shao
- Specialized Medical Service Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Mengchuan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Xulong Fan
- Maternity and Children's Healthcare Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 52800, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhong
- Specialized Medical Service Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Zixiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Pusheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Shufeng Ji
- Specialized Medical Service Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
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12
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Zhou ZR, Yang ZZ, Yu XL, Guo XM. Highlights on molecular targets for radiosensitization of breast cancer cells: Current research status and prospects. Cancer Med 2018; 7:3110-3117. [PMID: 29856131 PMCID: PMC6051209 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past, searching for effective radiotherapy sensitization molecular targets and improving the radiation sensitivity of malignant tumors was the hot topic for the oncologists, but with little achievements. We will summarize the research results about breast cancer irradiation sensitization molecular targets over the past two decades; we mainly focus on the following aspects: DNA damage repair and radiation sensitization, cell cycle regulation and radiation sensitization, cell autophagy regulation and radiation sensitization, and radiation sensitivity prediction and breast cancer radiotherapy scheme making. And based on this summary, we will put forward some of our viewpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Rui Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Zhi Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Li Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Mao Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Barker HE, Patel R, McLaughlin M, Schick U, Zaidi S, Nutting CM, Newbold KL, Bhide S, Harrington KJ. CHK1 Inhibition Radiosensitizes Head and Neck Cancers to Paclitaxel-Based Chemoradiotherapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2042-54. [PMID: 27422809 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths, with increasingly more cases arising due to high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy is a standard-of-care for locally advanced head and neck cancer but is frequently ineffective. Research into enhancing radiation responses as a means of improving treatment outcomes represents a high priority. Here, we evaluated a CHK1 inhibitor (CCT244747) as a radiosensitiser and investigated whether a mechanistically rational triple combination of radiation/paclitaxel/CHK1 inhibitor delivered according to an optimized schedule would provide added benefit. CCT244747 abrogated radiation-induced G2 arrest in the p53-deficient HNSCC cell lines, HN4 and HN5, causing cells to enter mitosis with unrepaired DNA damage. The addition of paclitaxel further increased cell kill and significantly reduced tumor growth in an HN5 xenograft model. Importantly, a lower dose of paclitaxel could be used when CCT244747 was included, therefore potentially limiting toxicity. Triple therapy reduced the expression of several markers of radioresistance. Moreover, the more radioresistant HN5 cell line exhibited greater radiation-mediated CHK1 activation and was more sensitive to triple therapy than HN4 cells. We analyzed CHK1 expression in a panel of head and neck tumors and observed that primary tumors from HPV(+) patients, who went on to recur postradiotherapy, exhibited significantly stronger expression of total, and activated CHK1. CHK1 may serve as a biomarker for identifying tumors likely to recur and, therefore, patients who may benefit from concomitant treatment with a CHK1 inhibitor and paclitaxel during radiotherapy. Clinical translation of this strategy is under development. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(9); 2042-54. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly E Barker
- Targeted Therapy Team, Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Radhika Patel
- Targeted Therapy Team, Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin McLaughlin
- Targeted Therapy Team, Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrike Schick
- Targeted Therapy Team, Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom. Radiation Oncology Unit, University Hospital, Brest, France
| | - Shane Zaidi
- Targeted Therapy Team, Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom. Head and Neck Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher M Nutting
- Head and Neck Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Katie L Newbold
- Head and Neck Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Shreerang Bhide
- Targeted Therapy Team, Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom. Head and Neck Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin J Harrington
- Targeted Therapy Team, Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom. Head and Neck Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, United Kingdom
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14
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An X, Hu J, Do KA. SIFORM: shared informative factor models for integration of multi-platform bioinformatic data. Bioinformatics 2016; 32:3279-3290. [PMID: 27381342 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btw295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION High-dimensional omic data derived from different technological platforms have been extensively used to facilitate comprehensive understanding of disease mechanisms and to determine personalized health treatments. Numerous studies have integrated multi-platform omic data; however, few have efficiently and simultaneously addressed the problems that arise from high dimensionality and complex correlations. RESULTS We propose a statistical framework of shared informative factor models that can jointly analyze multi-platform omic data and explore their associations with a disease phenotype. The common disease-associated sample characteristics across different data types can be captured through the shared structure space, while the corresponding weights of genetic variables directly index the strengths of their association with the phenotype. Extensive simulation studies demonstrate the performance of the proposed method in terms of biomarker detection accuracy via comparisons with three popular regularized regression methods. We also apply the proposed method to The Cancer Genome Atlas lung adenocarcinoma dataset to jointly explore associations of mRNA expression and protein expression with smoking status. Many of the identified biomarkers belong to key pathways for lung tumorigenesis, some of which are known to show differential expression across smoking levels. We discover potential biomarkers that reveal different mechanisms of lung tumorigenesis between light smokers and heavy smokers. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION R code to implement the new method can be downloaded from http://odin.mdacc.tmc.edu/jhhu/ CONTACT: jhu@mdanderson.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebei An
- Department of Biostatistics, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianhua Hu
- Department of Biostatistics, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kim-Anh Do
- Department of Biostatistics, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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15
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Sorrell FJ, Szklarz M, Abdul Azeez KR, Elkins JM, Knapp S. Family-wide Structural Analysis of Human Numb-Associated Protein Kinases. Structure 2016; 24:401-11. [PMID: 26853940 PMCID: PMC4780864 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The highly diverse Numb-associated kinase (NAK) family has been linked to broad cellular functions including receptor-mediated endocytosis, Notch pathway modulation, osteoblast differentiation, and dendrite morphogenesis. Consequently, NAK kinases play a key role in a diverse range of diseases from Parkinson's and prostate cancer to HIV. Due to the plasticity of this kinase family, NAK kinases are often inhibited by approved or investigational drugs and have been associated with side effects, but they are also potential drug targets. The presence of cysteine residues in some NAK family members provides the possibility for selective targeting via covalent inhibition. Here we report the first high-resolution structures of kinases AAK1 and BIKE in complex with two drug candidates. The presented data allow a comprehensive structural characterization of the NAK kinase family and provide the basis for rational design of selective NAK inhibitors. First crystal structures of AAK1 and BIKE solved, completing the NAK family Structural analysis of NAKs performed, revealing unusual family architecture 144 clinical kinase inhibitors screened against AAK1, BIKE, GAK, and MPSK1 Nanomolar and covalent inhibitors discovered from clinical kinase library
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona J Sorrell
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute (TDI), University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Marta Szklarz
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute (TDI), University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Kamal R Abdul Azeez
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute (TDI), University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Jon M Elkins
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute (TDI), University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute (TDI), University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences Campus Riedberg, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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16
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DNA Damage Signalling and Repair Inhibitors: The Long-Sought-After Achilles' Heel of Cancer. Biomolecules 2015; 5:3204-59. [PMID: 26610585 PMCID: PMC4693276 DOI: 10.3390/biom5043204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, radiotherapy and chemotherapy were the two only approaches exploiting DNA repair processes to fight against cancer. Nowadays, cancer therapeutics can be a major challenge when it comes to seeking personalized targeted medicine that is both effective and selective to the malignancy. Over the last decade, the discovery of new targeted therapies against DNA damage signalling and repair has offered the possibility of therapeutic improvements in oncology. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of DNA damage signalling and repair inhibitors, their molecular and cellular effects, and future therapeutic use.
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17
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Beumer JH, Fu KY, Anyang BN, Siegfried JM, Bakkenist CJ. Functional analyses of ATM, ATR and Fanconi anemia proteins in lung carcinoma : ATM, ATR and FA in lung carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:649. [PMID: 26438152 PMCID: PMC4595318 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1649-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ATM and ATR are kinases implicated in a myriad of DNA-damage responses. ATM kinase inhibition radiosensitizes cells and selectively kills cells with Fanconi anemia (FA) gene mutations. ATR kinase inhibition sensitizes cells to agents that induce replication stress and selectively kills cells with ATM and TP53 mutations. ATM mutations and FANCF promoter-methylation are reported in lung carcinomas. Methods We undertook functional analyses of ATM, ATR, Chk1 and FA proteins in lung cancer cell lines. We included Calu6 that is reported to be FANCL-deficient. In addition, the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database was interrogated for alterations in: 1) ATM, MRE11A, RAD50 and NBN; 2) ATR, ATRIP and TOPBP1; and 3) 15 FA genes. Results No defects in ATM, ATR or Chk1 kinase activation, or FANCD2 monoubiquitination were identified in the lung cancer cell lines examined, including Calu6, and major alterations in these pathways were not identified in the TCGA database. Cell lines were radiosensitized by ATM kinase inhibitor KU60019, but no cell killing by ATM kinase inhibitor alone was observed. While no synergy between gemcitabine or carboplatin and ATR kinase inhibitor ETP-46464 was observed, synergy between gemcitabine and Chk1 kinase inhibitor UCN-01 was observed in 54 T, 201 T and H460, and synergy between carboplatin and Chk1 kinase inhibitor was identified in 201 T and 239 T. No interactions between ATM, ATR and FA activation were observed by either ATM or ATR kinase inhibition in the lung cancer cell lines. Conclusions Analyses of ATM serine 1981 and Chk1 serine 345 phosphorylation, and FANCD2 monoubiquitination revealed that ATM and ATR kinase activation and FA pathway signaling are intact in the lung cancer cell lines examined. As such, these posttranslational modifications may have utility as biomarkers for the integrity of DNA damage signaling pathways in lung cancer. Different sensitization profiles between gemcitabine and carboplatin and ATR kinase inhibitor ETP-46464 and Chk1 kinase inhibitor UCN-01 were observed and this should be considered in the rationale for Phase I clinical trial design with ATR kinase inhibitors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1649-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan H Beumer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Molecular Therapeutics Drug Discovery Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Katherine Y Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Bean N Anyang
- Molecular Therapeutics Drug Discovery Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Jill M Siegfried
- Department of Pharmacology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Christopher J Bakkenist
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Hillman Cancer Center, Research Pavilion, Suite 2.6, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213-1863, USA.
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18
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Mikami K, Medová M, Nisa L, Francica P, Glück AA, Tschan MP, Blaukat A, Bladt F, Aebersold DM, Zimmer Y. Impact of p53 Status on Radiosensitization of Tumor Cells by MET Inhibition-Associated Checkpoint Abrogation. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 13:1544-53. [PMID: 26358474 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-15-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Signaling via the MET receptor tyrosine kinase has been implicated in crosstalk with cellular responses to DNA damage. Our group previously demonstrated that MET inhibition in tumor cells with deregulated MET activity results in radiosensitization via downregulation of the ATR-CHK1-CDC25 pathway, a major signaling cascade responsible for intra-S and G2-M cell-cycle arrest following DNA damage. Here we aimed at studying the potential therapeutic application of ionizing radiation in combination with a MET inhibitor, EMD-1214063, in p53-deficient cancer cells that harbor impaired G1-S checkpoint regulation upon DNA damage. We hypothesized that upon MET inhibition, p53-deficient cells would bypass both G1-S and G2-M checkpoints, promoting premature mitotic entry with substantial DNA lesions and cell death in a greater extent than p53-proficient cells. Our data suggest that p53-deficient cells are more susceptible to EMD-1214063 and combined treatment with irradiation than wild-type p53 lines as inferred from elevated γH2AX expression and increased cytotoxicity. Furthermore, cell-cycle distribution profiling indicates constantly lower G1 and higher G2-M population as well as higher expression of a mitotic marker p-histone H3 following the dual treatment in p53 knockdown isogenic variant, compared with the parental counterpart. IMPLICATIONS The concept of MET inhibition-mediated radiosensitization enhanced by p53 deficiency is of high clinical relevance, as p53 is frequently mutated in numerous types of human cancer. The current data point for a therapeutic advantage for an approach combining MET targeting along with DNA-damaging agents for MET-positive/p53-negative tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mikami
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Medová
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - L Nisa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - P Francica
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A A Glück
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M P Tschan
- Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Blaukat
- Merck Serono Research & Development, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F Bladt
- Merck Serono Research & Development, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D M Aebersold
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Y Zimmer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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