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Yang B, Wang M, Tong X, Ankawi G, Sun L, Yang H. Experimental models in peritoneal dialysis (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:240. [PMID: 33603848 PMCID: PMC7851610 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is one of the most commonly used dialysis methods and plays an important role in maintaining the quality of life of patients with end-stage renal disease. However, long-term PD treatment is associated with adverse effects on the structure and function of peritoneal tissue, which may lead to peritoneal ultrafiltration failure, resulting in dialysis failure and eventually PD withdrawal. In order to prevent the occurrence of these effects, the important issues that need to be tackled are improvement of ultrafiltration, protection of peritoneal function and extension of dialysis time. In basic PD research, a reasonable experimental model is key to the smooth progress of experiments. A good PD model should not only simulate the process of human PD as accurately as possible, but also help researchers to understand the evolution process and pathogenesis of various complications related to PD treatment. To better promote the clinical application of PD technology, the present review will summarize and evaluate the in vivo PD experimental models available, thus providing a reference for relevant PD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, P.R. China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Fuyang Fourth People's Hospital, Fuyang, Anhui 236000, P.R. China
| | - Xue Tong
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, P.R. China
| | - Ghada Ankawi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, P.R. China
| | - Hongtao Yang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, P.R. China
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Shang J, He Q, Chen Y, Yu D, Sun L, Cheng G, Liu D, Xiao J, Zhao Z. miR-15a-5p suppresses inflammation and fibrosis of peritoneal mesothelial cells induced by peritoneal dialysis via targeting VEGFA. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:9746-9755. [PMID: 30362573 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) often ends up with ultrafiltration failure (UFF) which is partially caused by persistent inflammation and fibrosis of peritoneal tissues. However, the mechanism is still unclear. In the current study, the peritoneum from UFF patients demonstrated inflammation and fibrosis which were positively related to the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). The in vitro model using human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) stimulated by high glucose or advanced glycation end (AGE) product showed consistent changes of inflammation, fibrosis, and VEGFA. What's more, we showed that VEGFA was an instigator of inflammation and fibrosis. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to regulate expression of VEGFA elsewhere. Five of them were selected to test the expression in the peritoneum of patients with PD. Results suggested that miR-15a-5p was the most significantly downregulated one. Also, in high glucose or AGE product-stimulated HPMCs, miR-15a-5p decreased. When miRNA mimic was used to restore the expression of miR-15a-5p, high glucose-induced VEGFA was repressed. The predicted binding site between these two molecules was confirmed by the dual-luciferase assay. Restoration of miR-15a-5p restrained inflammation and fibrosis of HPMCs. TGF-β1/Smad2 was shown to be the downstream signaling pathway and their activity was regulated by miR-15a-5p/VEGFA. In conclusion, our current study demonstrates that miR-15a-5p acts as a regulator of VEGFA mRNA and the following inflammation and fibrosis in peritoneal mesothelial cells. The miR-15a-5p/VEGFA pathway may be a potential target for preventing ultrafiltration failure in patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Shang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qianxin He
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Dahai Yu
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Lulu Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Genyang Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhanzheng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Zhang X, Shang J, Wang X, Cheng G, Jiang Y, Liu D, Xiao J, Zhao Z. Microarray analysis reveals long non‑coding RNA SOX2OT as a novel candidate regulator in diabetic nephropathy. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:5058-5068. [PMID: 30320339 PMCID: PMC6236268 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a highly complex syndrome involving multiple dysregulated biological processes. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are now believed to have an important function in various diseases. However, their roles in DN remain largely unknown. Therefore, the present study was performed in order to investigate the lncRNAs that have a crucial role in DN. db/db mice were used as a DN model while db/m mice served as a control to search for lncRNAs which may have important roles in DN. Microarray and bioinformatics analysis gave an overview of the features of differentially expressed genes. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis demonstrated the typical biological alterations in DN. A co-expression network of lncRNAs and mRNAs revealed the complex interaction pattern in DN conditions. Further data investigation indicated that SOX2-overlapping transcript (SOX2OT), which was significantly downregulated in DN mice, may be the potentially functional lncRNA contributing to the onset of DN. The UCSC database demonstrated that SOX2OT was highly conserved in mice and humans. Additionally further study using cultured human podocytes and mesangial cells confirmed the downregulation of SOX2OT using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization. However, the cellular location of SOX2OT depended on certain cell types. Taken together, the results of the present study indicated that SOX2OT may act as an important regulator in the pathogenesis of DN by interacting with various mRNAs with critical roles in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jin Shang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Genyang Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yumin Jiang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Zhanzheng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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Sensitive and non-invasive method for the in vivo analysis of membrane permeability in small animals. J Transl Med 2017; 97:1114-1120. [PMID: 28737767 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue membranes are boundaries that isolate organs or cavities in the body. These semi-permeable membranes are responsible for passive protection that acts through the regulation of nutrient absorption, secretion and filtration of small molecules. These functions could be altered as a consequence of inflammation or trauma, which in turn could lead to changes in permeability, allowing the entrance of toxins, antigens, proteins or facilitating the spread of tumors. Membrane permeability therefore plays an important role in numerous diseases. However, current experimental techniques that are available to quantify membrane permeability in small animals have limited precision and temporal specificity. Improvements in such measurements would lead to a deeper understanding of disease pathogenesis and this may accelerate the development of specific therapies. The study reported here concerns the efficacy of a novel, non-invasive imaging analysis-based measurement method that significantly improves the quantification of tissue membrane permeability in small animals, while at the same time mitigating the adverse effects experienced by the animals under study.
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Zhang YF, Wang Q, Su YY, Wang JL, Hua BJ, Yang S, Feng JX, Li HY. PPAR‑γ agonist rosiglitazone protects rat peritoneal mesothelial cells against peritoneal dialysis solution‑induced damage. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:1786-1792. [PMID: 28259952 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) leads to ultrafiltration failure (UFF). Peritoneal mesothelial cells, which form the innermost monolayer of the peritoneal cavity, have been shown to regulate various responses, including inflammation, in UFF. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of the peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor‑γ (PPAR‑γ) agonist, rosiglitazone, on peritoneal dialysis solution (PDS)‑induced injuries in rat peritoneal mesothelial cells (RPMCs). RPMCs were cultured for different durations and with different concentrations of PDS. The gene expression levels of aquaporin‑1 (AQP‑1) and zonula occluden‑1 (ZO‑1) were determined using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. The protein levels of AQP‑1, ZO‑1 and PPAR‑γ were measured using western blot analysis. Interleukin (IL)‑6 and IL‑8 were detected using ELISA. The RPMCs were damaged by stimulation with 4.25% PDS for 72 h. The expression levels of AQP‑1 and ZO‑1 were increased, and the secretion of IL‑6 and IL‑8 were decreased by rosiglitazone. The use of the PPAR‑γ inhibitor, GW‑9662, completely prevented the effects of rosiglitazone. These results indicated that PDS exposure stimulated an inflammatory response in the RPMCs. The PPAR‑γ activator, rosiglitazone, appeared to relieve the injury by inhibiting inflammation, and regulating the expression of AQP‑1 and ZO‑1, however further investigations are required to elucidate the potential underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Fang Zhang
- Center of Kidney Disease, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510800, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Center of Kidney Disease, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510800, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Yan Su
- Center of Kidney Disease, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510800, P.R. China
| | - Jie-Lin Wang
- Center of Kidney Disease, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510800, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Jun Hua
- Center of Kidney Disease, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510800, P.R. China
| | - Shen Yang
- Center of Kidney Disease, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510800, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Xia Feng
- Center of Kidney Disease, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510800, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yan Li
- Center of Kidney Disease, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510800, P.R. China
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Wang X, Zhang X, Lu S, Liu D, Chen G, Dou Y, Yuan W, Ma S, Li Y, Xiao J, Zhao Z. Protective effect of mycophenolate mofetil on residual renal function in peritoneal dialysis patients: An open label feasibility study. Nephrology (Carlton) 2016; 22:954-960. [PMID: 27558768 DOI: 10.1111/nep.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aims to evaluate the safety of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and its effect on residual renal function (RRF) during peritoneal dialysis (PD). METHODS This is a prospective, randomized study comprising 60 PD patients. The patients were assigned either to the MMF group (MMF dosage: 1.0-1.5 g/day in two divided doses for 6 months, followed by a dose of 0.5-0.75 g/day for another 6 months) or to the control group. The patients close monitoring for 1 year. Variables related to residual renal function, including urine volume, measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and renal Kt/V, were measured at four time points. RESULTS There were no significant changes in urinary protein excretion in either group (P > 0.05). The MMF group showed a significantly higher urine volume than the control group (955.38 ± 243.54 vs 786.15 ± 279.62 mL/day, P = 0.024). The renal kt/V was also significantly higher in the MMF group (0.59 ± 0.11 in MMF vs 0.50 ± 0.19 in control group, P = 0.032). There was significant difference in the renal measured GFR between the two groups at 6, 9 and 12 months (MMF vs control at 6 months, 6.14 ± 0.66 vs 5.58 ± 0.65 mL/min per 1.73m2 , P = 0.003; at 9 months, 5.68 ± 0.80 vs 4.78 ± 0.75, P < 0.001; at 12 months, 5.44 ± 0.91 vs 4.43 ± 0.93, P < 0.001). MMF was well tolerated without any serious complications. CONCLUSION The use of MMF in PD patients tends to better preserve RRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Nephropathy Research Institutes of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Nephropathy Research Institutes of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Nephropathy Research Institutes of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Nephropathy Research Institutes of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Genyang Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Nephropathy Research Institutes of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanna Dou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Nephropathy Research Institutes of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenming Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Nephropathy Research Institutes of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuang Ma
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Nephropathy Research Institutes of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yansheng Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Nephropathy Research Institutes of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Nephropathy Research Institutes of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhanzheng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Nephropathy Research Institutes of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Vlahu CA, Aten J, de Graaff M, van Veen H, Everts V, de Waart DR, Struijk DG, Krediet RT. New Insights into the Effects of Chronic Kidney Failure and Dialysate Exposure on the Peritoneum. Perit Dial Int 2016; 36:614-622. [PMID: 27147290 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2015.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
♦ INTRODUCTION: Chronic uremia and the exposure to dialysis solutions during peritoneal dialysis (PD) induce peritoneal alterations. Using a long-term peritoneal exposure model, we compared the effects of chronic kidney failure (CKD) itself and exposure to either a 'conventional' or a 'biocompatible' dialysis solution on peritoneal morphology and function. ♦ METHODS: Wistar rats (Harlan, Zeist, the Netherlands) were grouped into: normal kidney function (NKF), CKD induced by 70% nephrectomy, CKD receiving daily peritoneal infusions with 3.86% glucose Dianeal (CKDD), or Physioneal (both solutions from Baxter Healthcare, Castlebar, Ireland) (CKDP). At 16 weeks, a peritoneal function test was performed, and histology, ultrastructure, and hydroxyproline content of peritoneal tissue were assessed. ♦ RESULTS: Comparing CKD with NKF, peritoneal transport rates were higher, mesothelial cells (MC) displayed increased number of microvilli, blood and lymph vasculature expanded, vascular basal lamina appeared thicker, with limited areas of duplication, and fibrosis had developed. All alterations, except lymphangiogenesis, were enhanced by exposure to both dialysis fluids. Distinct MC alterations were observed in CKDD and CKDP, the latter displaying prominent basolateral protrusions. In addition, CKDP was associated with a trend towards less fibrosis compared to CKDD. ♦ CONCLUSIONS: Chronic kidney failure itself induced peritoneal alterations, which were in part augmented by exposure to glucose-based dialysis solutions. Overall, the conventional and biocompatible solutions had similar long-term effects on the peritoneum. Importantly, the latter may attenuate the development of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen A Vlahu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Aten
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marijke de Graaff
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk van Veen
- Van Leeuwenhoek Center for Advanced Microscopy, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Everts
- Van Leeuwenhoek Center for Advanced Microscopy, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk R de Waart
- Tygat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk G Struijk
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Dianet Foundation, Amsterdam-Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond T Krediet
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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