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Hu HM, Lee HL, Liu CJ, Hsieh YH, Chen YS, Hsueh KC. Loss of MTA2-mediated downregulation of PTK7 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis progression by modulating the FAK-MMP7 axis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:1897-1908. [PMID: 38050825 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The expression of metastasis tumor-associated protein 2 (MTA2) and protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. However, the functional effect and mechanism through which MTA2 regulates PTK7-mediated HCC progression remains unclear. Here, we found that MTA2 knockdown significantly down-regulated PTK7 expression in HCC cells (SK-Hep-1 and PLC/PRF/5). Data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases show that the PTK7 expression level was higher in HCC tissues than in normal liver tissues. In HCC patients, the PTK7 expression level clearly correlated with tumor stage and grade, lower overall survival (OS) correlated positively with MTA2 level, and PTK7 expression acted as a downstream factor for MTA2 expression. In addition, matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7) expression was closely regulated by PTK7, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of MTA2 and PTK7 correlated positively with lower OS. MMP7 downregulation by PTK7 knockdown clearly decreased the migration and invasion abilities of HCC cells. In HCC cells, recombinant human MMP7 reversed the PTK7 knockdown-induced suppression of migration and invasion. Furthermore, deactivation of FAK using siFAK or FAK inhibitor (PF-573228, PF) synergistically contributed to PTK7 knockdown-inhibited FAK activity, MMP7 expression, and the migration and invasion abilities of HCC cells. Collectively, our findings show that PTK7 mediates HCC progression by regulating the MTA2-FAK-MMP7 axis and may be a diagnostic value for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang-Ming Hu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Lin Lee
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Deptartment of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Jung Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Syuan Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chun Hsueh
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Low-cost thermophoretic profiling of extracellular-vesicle surface proteins for the early detection and classification of cancers. Nat Biomed Eng 2019; 3:183-193. [PMID: 30948809 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-018-0343-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-invasive assays for early cancer screening are hampered by challenges in the isolation and profiling of circulating biomarkers. Here, we show that surface proteins from serum extracellular vesicles labelled with a panel of seven fluorescent aptamers can be profiled, via thermophoretic enrichment and linear discriminant analysis, for cancer detection and classification. In a cohort of 102 patients, including 6 cancer types at stages I-IV, the assay detected stage I cancers with 95% sensitivity (95% confidence interval (CI): 74-100%) and 100% specificity (95% CI: 80-100%), and classified the cancer type with an overall accuracy of 68% (95% CI: 59-77%). For patients who underwent prostate biopsies, the assay was superior to the analysis of prostate-specific antigen levels (area under the curve: 0.94 versus 0.68; 33 patients) for the discrimination of prostate cancer and benign prostate enlargement, and also in the assessment of biochemical cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy. The assay is inexpensive, fast, and requires small serum volumes (<1 µl), and if validated in larger cohorts may facilitate cancer screening, classification and monitoring.
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Shimizu D, Inokawa Y, Sonohara F, Inaoka K, Nomoto S. Search for useful biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma, tumor factors and background liver factors. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2527-2542. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Conserved effect of aging on DNA methylation and association with EZH2 polycomb protein in mice and humans. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 162:27-37. [PMID: 28249716 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In humans, DNA methylation at specific CpG sites can be used to estimate the 'epigenetic clock', a biomarker of aging and health. The mechanisms that regulate the aging epigenome and level of conservation are not entirely clear. We performed affinity-based enrichment with methyl-CpG binding domain protein followed by high-throughput sequencing (MBD-seq) to assay DNA methylation in mouse samples. Consistent with previous reports, aging is associated with increase in methylation at CpG islands that likely overlap regulatory regions of genes that have been implicated in cancers (e.g., C1ql3, Srd5a2 and Ptk7). The differentially methylated regions in mice have high sequence conservation in humans and the pattern of methylation is also largely conserved between the two species. Based on human ENCODE data, these sites are targeted by polycomb proteins, including EZH2. Chromatin immunoprecipitation confirmed that these regions interact with EZH2 in mice as well, and there may be reduction in EZH2 occupancy with age at C1ql3. This adds to the growing evidence that EZH2 is part of the protein machinery that shapes the aging epigenome. The conservation in both sequence and methylation patterns of the age-dependent CpGs indicate that the epigenetic clock is a fundamental feature of aging in mammals.
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Tian X, Yan L, Zhang D, Guan X, Dong B, Zhao M, Hao C. PTK7 overexpression in colorectal tumors: Clinicopathological correlation and prognosis relevance. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:1829-36. [PMID: 27499181 PMCID: PMC5022898 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has one of the highest mortality rates in the worldwide and its incidence has been increasing in recent years. Protein tyrosine kinase-7 (PTK7) is an inactive member of receptor protein tyrosine kinase (RPTK)-like molecules, which is involved in tumorigenesis of a variety of cancers. Our study aimed to investigate expression of PTK7 in colorectal tumors (including benign adenomas and malignant carcinomas), and its potential function in tumorigenesis and prognosis. A total of 209 CRC patients and 28 colonic adenoma patients were included in this study. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative real-time PCR were performed in 14 pairs of fresh frozen tissues to evaluate mRNA expression of PTK7. Expression of PTK7 protein in 209 CRC tissues with paired non-cancerous mucosa and 28 adenoma specimens were tested using immunohistochemistry. The expression difference and its correlation with clinicopathological features and overall survival were assessed by SPSS statistics (version 22). P<0.05 was considered significant. RT-PCR and quantitative real-time PCR showed a higher expression of PTK7 mRNA in CRC compared with non-tumorous mucosa (4.87±3.71 vs. 1.33±1.05; P<0.001). PTK7 expression was significantly higher in adenoma (75%) and CRC (68.3%) than in non-tumorous mucosa (P<0.001). PTK7 expression was correlated with tumor differentiation (P=0.027), lymph node metastasis (P=0.005), distant metastasis (P=0.001) and TNM stage (P=0.028) of CRC patients. Significant correlation between PTK7 overexpression and favorable overall survival of CRC patients was observed (P=0.005). Therefore, it may act as a candidate biomarker to predict the occurrence and prognosis of colorectal tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyun Tian
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education/Beijing, Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute
| | - Liang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education/Beijing, Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute
| | - Donghai Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Daxing Hospital Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Sciences
| | - Xiaoya Guan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education/Beijing, Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute
| | - Bin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education/Beijing, Central Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute
| | - Min Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education/Beijing, Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chunyi Hao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education/Beijing, Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute
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Inokawa Y, Inaoka K, Sonohara F, Hayashi M, Kanda M, Nomoto S. Molecular alterations in the carcinogenesis and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma: Tumor factors and background liver factors. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3662-3668. [PMID: 27900050 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with poor prognosis worldwide, the molecular mechanisms underlying the carcinogenesis and progression of this disease remain unclear. Several tumor characteristics have previously been demonstrated to be prognostic factors of survival following hepatic resection, or the recurrence of HCC or other types of cancer. Comparisons of normal tissues and HCC tumor tissues have revealed the presence of numerous molecular alterations in HCC, including genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, particularly mutations in certain genes and DNA methylation in the promoter regions of tumor-suppressor genes. A number of studies have previously used array analysis to detect variations in the expression levels of cancer-associated genes and microRNAs, and in DNA methylation. However, an investigation of HCC tumor tissues may not determine the effect of noncancerous liver tissues (background liver) in patients with HCC. As HCC may recur multicentrically following resection, a damaged or chronically diseased HCC background liver may be considered as a pre-cancerous organ. Therefore, the influence of the background liver on HCC requires further study. Detailed studies regarding the background liver may be essential for the improved understanding of the carcinogenesis and progression of this malignancy; however only a few studies have investigated the microenvironment of the HCC background liver. The present review discusses prior molecular studies of hepatocarcinogenesis that focus on HCC and background liver tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikuni Inokawa
- Department of Surgery, Aichi Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kenichi Inaoka
- Department of Surgery, Aichi Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sonohara
- Department of Surgery, Aichi Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masamichi Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shuji Nomoto
- Department of Surgery, Aichi Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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Genomic-Wide Analysis with Microarrays in Human Oncology. MICROARRAYS 2015; 4:454-73. [PMID: 27600234 PMCID: PMC4996403 DOI: 10.3390/microarrays4040454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
DNA microarray technologies have advanced rapidly and had a profound impact on examining gene expression on a genomic scale in research. This review discusses the history and development of microarray and DNA chip devices, and specific microarrays are described along with their methods and applications. In particular, microarrays have detected many novel cancer-related genes by comparing cancer tissues and non-cancerous tissues in oncological research. Recently, new methods have been in development, such as the double-combination array and triple-combination array, which allow more effective analysis of gene expression and epigenetic changes. Analysis of gene expression alterations in precancerous regions compared with normal regions and array analysis in drug-resistance cancer tissues are also successfully performed. Compared with next-generation sequencing, a similar method of genome analysis, several important differences distinguish these techniques and their applications. Development of novel microarray technologies is expected to contribute to further cancer research.
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