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Cacaccio JC, Durrani FA, Missert JR, Pandey RK. Photodynamic Therapy in Combination with Doxorubicin Is Superior to Monotherapy for the Treatment of Lung Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:857. [PMID: 35453607 PMCID: PMC9024488 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that a radioactive (123I)-analog of methyl 3-(1'-(iodobexyloxy) ethyl-3-devinylpyropheophorbide-a (PET-ONCO), derived from chlorophyll-a can be used for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of a variety of tumors, including those where 18F-FDG shows limitations. In this study, the photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy of the corresponding non-radioactive photosensitizer (PS) was investigated in a variety of tumor types (NSCLC, SCC, adenocarcinoma) derived from lung cancer patients in mice tumor models. The in vitro and in vivo efficacy was also investigated in combination with doxorubicin, and a significantly enhanced long-term tumor response was observed. The toxicity and toxicokinetic profile of the iodinated PS was also evaluated in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats and Beagle dog at variable doses (single intravenous injections) to assess reversibility or latency of any effects over a 28-day dose free period. The no-observed-adverse-effect (NOAEL) of the PS was considered to be 6.5 mg/kg for male and female rats, and for dogs, 3.45 mg/kg, the highest dose levels evaluated, respectively. The corresponding plasma Cmax and AYClast for male and female rats were 214,000 and 229,000 ng/mL and 3,680,000 and 3,810,000 h * ng/mL, respectively. For male and female dogs, the corresponding plasma Cmax and AYClast were 76,000 and 92,400 ng/mL and 976,000 and 1,200,000 h * ng/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C. Cacaccio
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (J.C.C.); (F.A.D.)
| | - Farukh A. Durrani
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (J.C.C.); (F.A.D.)
| | | | - Ravindra K. Pandey
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (J.C.C.); (F.A.D.)
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2
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Obaid G, Hasan T. Subcutaneous Xenograft Models for Studying PDT In Vivo. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2451:127-149. [PMID: 35505015 PMCID: PMC10516195 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2099-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The most facile, reproducible, and robust in vivo models for evaluating the anticancer efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) are subcutaneous xenograft models of human tumors. The accessibility and practicality of light irradiation protocols for treating subcutaneous xenograft models also increase their value as relatively rapid tools to expedite the testing of novel photosensitizers, respective formulations, and treatment regimens for PDT. This chapter summarizes the methods used in the literature to prepare various types of subcutaneous xenograft models of human cancers and syngeneic models to explore the role of PDT in immuno-oncology. This chapter also summarizes the PDT treatment protocols tested on the subcutaneous models, and the procedures used to evaluate the efficacy at the molecular, macromolecular, and host organism levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girgis Obaid
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Razmienė B, Vojáčková V, Řezníčková E, Malina L, Dambrauskienė V, Kubala M, Bajgar R, Kolářová H, Žukauskaitė A, Arbačiauskienė E, Šačkus A, Kryštof V. Synthesis of N-aryl-2,6-diphenyl-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-7-amines and their photodynamic properties in the human skin melanoma cell line G361. Bioorg Chem 2021; 119:105570. [PMID: 34953323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A small series of N-aryl-2,6-diphenyl-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-7-amines was synthesized from easily accessible 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-ol via 7-iodo-2,6-diphenyl-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine and 7-iodo-4-methyl-2,6-diphenyl-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine intermediates and their subsequent use in palladium catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling reaction with various anilines. Majority of the compounds were not significantly cytotoxic to melanoma G361 cells in the dark up to 10 µM concentration, but their activity could be increased by irradiation with visible blue light (414 nm). The most active compound 10 possessed EC50 values of 3.5, 1.6 and 0.9 µM in cells irradiated with 1, 5 and 10 J/cm2, respectively. The treatment caused generation of reactive oxygen species in cells and extensive DNA damage, documented by the comet assay and by detection of phosphorylated histone H2A.X, followed by apoptotic cell death. Our results suggest that N-aryl-2,6-diphenyl-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-7-amines could serve as a potential source of photosensitizing compounds with anticancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatričė Razmienė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, Kaunas LT-50254, Lithuania; Institute of Synthetic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko g. 59, Kaunas LT-51423, Lithuania
| | - Veronika Vojáčková
- Depatment of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Řezníčková
- Depatment of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Malina
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, Olomouc CZ-77515, Czech Republic
| | - Vaida Dambrauskienė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, Kaunas LT-50254, Lithuania
| | - Martin Kubala
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, Olomouc CZ-77146, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Bajgar
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, Olomouc CZ-77515, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kolářová
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, Olomouc CZ-77515, Czech Republic
| | - Asta Žukauskaitė
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic.
| | - Eglė Arbačiauskienė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, Kaunas LT-50254, Lithuania.
| | - Algirdas Šačkus
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, Kaunas LT-50254, Lithuania; Institute of Synthetic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko g. 59, Kaunas LT-51423, Lithuania
| | - Vladimír Kryštof
- Depatment of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic
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Alejandro VC, Mónica FP, Xelha AP, Mario R, Gabriel RO, Norberto F, Eva RG. Brominated BODIPYs as potential photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy using a low irradiance excitation. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.114207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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James NS, Cheruku RR, Missert JR, Sunar U, Pandey RK. Measurement of Cyanine Dye Photobleaching in Photosensitizer Cyanine Dye Conjugates Could Help in Optimizing Light Dosimetry for Improved Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081842. [PMID: 30042350 PMCID: PMC6222364 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer is dependent on three primary components: photosensitizer (PS), light and oxygen. Because these components are interdependent and vary during the dynamic process of PDT, assessing PDT efficacy may not be trivial. Therefore, it has become necessary to develop pre-treatment planning, on-line monitoring and dosimetry strategies during PDT, which become more critical for two or more chromophore systems, for example, PS-CD (Photosensitizer-Cyanine dye) conjugates developed in our laboratory for fluorescence-imaging and PDT of cancer. In this study, we observed a significant impact of variable light dosimetry; (i) high light fluence and fluence rate (light dose: 135 J/cm2, fluence rate: 75 mW/cm2) and (ii) low light fluence and fluence rate (128 J/cm2 and 14 mW/cm2 and 128 J/cm2 and 7 mW/cm2) in photobleaching of the individual chromophores of PS-CD conjugates and their long-term tumor response. The fluorescence at the near-infrared (NIR) region of the PS-NIR fluorophore conjugate was assessed intermittently via fluorescence imaging. The loss of fluorescence, photobleaching, caused by singlet oxygen from the PS was mapped continuously during PDT. The tumor responses (BALB/c mice bearing Colon26 tumors) were assessed after PDT by measuring tumor sizes daily. Our results showed distinctive photobleaching kinetics rates between the PS and CD. Interestingly, compared to higher light fluence, the tumors exposed at low light fluence showed reduced photobleaching and enhanced long-term PDT efficacy. The presence of NIR fluorophore in PS-CD conjugates provides an opportunity of fluorescence imaging and monitoring the photobleaching rate of the CD moiety for large and deeply seated tumors and assessing PDT tumor response in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine S James
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Ravindra R Cheruku
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Joseph R Missert
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Ulas Sunar
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA.
| | - Ravindra K Pandey
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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Saenz C, Cheruku RR, Ohulchanskyy TY, Joshi P, Tabaczynski WA, Missert JR, Chen Y, Pera P, Tracy E, Marko A, Rohrbach D, Sunar U, Baumann H, Pandey RK. Structural and Epimeric Isomers of HPPH [3-Devinyl 3-{1-(1-hexyloxy) ethyl}pyropheophorbide-a]: Effects on Uptake and Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:933-946. [PMID: 28165706 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The tetrapyrrole structure of porphyrins used as photosentizing agents is thought to determine uptake and retention by malignant epithelial cancer cells. To assess the contribution of the oxidized state of individual rings to these cellular processes, bacteriochlorophyll a was converted into the ring "D" reduced 3-devinyl-3-[1-(1-hexyloxy)ethyl]pyropheophorbide-a (HPPH) and the corresponding ring "B" reduced isomer (iso-HPPH). The carboxylic acid analogs of both ring "B" and ring "D" reduced isomers showed several-fold higher accumulation into the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum by primary culture of human lung and head and neck cancer cells than the corresponding methyl ester analogs that localize primarily to granular vesicles and to a lesser extent to mitochondria. However, long-term cellular retention of these compounds exhibited an inverse relationship with tumor cells generally retaining better the methyl-ester derivatives. In vivo distribution and tumor uptake was evaluated in the isogenic model of BALB/c mice bearing Colon26 tumors using the respective 14C-labeled analogs. Both carboxylic acid derivatives demonstrated similar intracellular localization and long-term tumor cure with no significant skin phototoxicity. PDT-mediated tumor action involved vascular damage, which was confirmed by a reduction in blood flow and immunohistochemical assessment of damage to the vascular endothelium. The HPPH stereoisomers (epimers) showed identical uptake (in vitro & in vivo), intracellular retention and photoreaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tymish Y. Ohulchanskyy
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China 518060
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, SUNY at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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Madni A, Batool A, Noreen S, Maqbool I, Rehman F, Kashif PM, Tahir N, Raza A. Novel nanoparticulate systems for lung cancer therapy: an updated review. J Drug Target 2017; 25:499-512. [PMID: 28151021 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2017.1289540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. Conventional therapy for lung cancer is associated with lack of specificity and access to the normal cells resulting in cytotoxicity, reduced cellular uptake, drug resistance and rapid drug clearance from the body. The emergence of nanotechnology has revolutionized the treatment of lung cancer. The focus of nanotechnology is to target tumor cells with improved bioavailability and reduced toxicity. In the recent years, nanoparticulate systems have extensively been exploited in order to overcome the obstacles in treatment of lung cancer. Nanoparticulate systems have shown much potential for lung cancer therapy by gaining selective access to the tumor cells due to surface modifiability and smaller size. In this review, various novel nanoparticles (NPs) based formulations have been discussed in the treatment of lung cancer. Nanotechnology is expected to grow fast in future, and it will provide new avenues for the improved treatment of lung cancer. This review article also highlights the characteristics, recent advances in the designing of NPs and therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asadullah Madni
- a Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy & Alternative Medicine , The Islamia University of Bahawalpur , Bahawalpur , Pakistan
| | - Amna Batool
- a Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy & Alternative Medicine , The Islamia University of Bahawalpur , Bahawalpur , Pakistan
| | - Sobia Noreen
- a Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy & Alternative Medicine , The Islamia University of Bahawalpur , Bahawalpur , Pakistan
| | - Irsah Maqbool
- a Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy & Alternative Medicine , The Islamia University of Bahawalpur , Bahawalpur , Pakistan
| | - Faizza Rehman
- a Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy & Alternative Medicine , The Islamia University of Bahawalpur , Bahawalpur , Pakistan
| | - Prince Muhammad Kashif
- a Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy & Alternative Medicine , The Islamia University of Bahawalpur , Bahawalpur , Pakistan
| | - Nayab Tahir
- a Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy & Alternative Medicine , The Islamia University of Bahawalpur , Bahawalpur , Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Raza
- a Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy & Alternative Medicine , The Islamia University of Bahawalpur , Bahawalpur , Pakistan
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Lee KL, Carpenter BL, Wen AM, Ghiladi RA, Steinmetz NF. High Aspect Ratio Nanotubes Formed by Tobacco Mosaic Virus for Delivery of Photodynamic Agents Targeting Melanoma. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:838-844. [PMID: 28713855 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly aggressive cancer that is unresponsive to many traditional therapies. Recently, photodynamic therapy has shown promise in its treatment as an adjuvant therapy. However, conventional photosensitizers are limited by poor solubility and limited accumulation within target tissue. Here, we report the delivery of a porphyrin-based photosensitizer encapsulated within a plant viral nanoparticle. Specifically, we make use of the hollow, high aspect ratio nanotubes formed by the nucleoprotein components of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) to encapsulate the drug for delivery and targeting of cancer cells. The cationic photosensitizer was successfully and stably loaded into the interior channel of TMV via electrostatic interactions. Cell uptake and efficacy were evaluated using a model of melanoma. The resulting TMV-photosensitizer exhibited improved cell uptake and efficacy when compared to free photosensitizer, making it a promising platform for improved therapy of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin L Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Bradley L Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Amy M Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Reza A Ghiladi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States.,Department of Radiology, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States.,Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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